Kummer 1965 (Pauwels 1973)
Ultrasound treatment Kristiansen et al. J Bone Joint Surg. 1997;79:961-73
Benläkning och läkemedel, den positiva sidan. Per Aspenberg
BMPs J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2002;84-A(12):2123-34.
BMPs P=0.0005
BMPs improve fracture repair However. Resorption: spine fracture, morcellized graft (Combine with bisphosphonate?) No proven superiority to cancellous bone graft Non-responders!?
However.. Postop 3 months Laursen et al. Eur. Spine J. 1999
However.. Postop 3 months Laursen et al. Eur. Spine J. 1999
PTH Intermittent PTH ökar benbildning Selye H. Endocrinology 1932;16:547. Osteoporos-behandling! Neer RM et al. N Engl J Med 2001;344(19):1434 P Aspenberg, Linköping
PTH Linday et al. Lancet 1997;250:550
20 days PTH Andreassen et al. J Bone Min Res 1999; 6: 960
PTH Ultimate load (N) 3 weeks 6 weeks 50 40 30 20 Control 76 N 12 10 0 Vehicle 60µg 200µg Vehicle 60µg 200µg 0 Data from Andreassen TT et al. J Bone Miner Res 1999
PTH Frakturexperiment: Stark effekt, men först efter enkondrala fasen
PTH
Nybildad vävnad i kammaren efter 6 veckor Control PTH
Bone volume density in chamber, lumbar vertebra and distal femur 6 weeks.8 PTH 60µg/KgBW per day.4 Control 0 Chamber Femur Vertebra
Bone volume density in chamber, lumbar vertebra and distal femur 6 weeks.8 PTH 60µg/KgBW per day.4 Control 0 Chamber Femur Vertebra
Bone volume density in chamber, lumbar vertebra and distal femur 6 weeks.8 PTH 60µg/KgBW per day.4 Control 0 Chamber Femur Vertebra
Bone volume density in chamber, lumbar vertebra and distal femur 6 weeks.8 PTH 60µg/KgBW per day.4 Control 0 Chamber Femur Vertebra
PTH har starkare effekt på läkning än på remodellering (t ex osteoporos)
Choices: or periosteal + exogenous marrow
PTH Utdragskraft och urvridningsmoment ökade 2 till 3 gånger på 2 veckor
PTH Histologisk benkontakt (%) 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 Control PTH 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 W2 W4 0 W2 W4 Cement Steel
PTH Implantatförsök: Tidig och dramatisk ökning av inläkningen
PTH Effekt på human osteoporos Effekt på frakturläkning i djur och i människa?
Effects of Teriparatide on Distal Radial Fracture Healing in Postmenopausal Women: a Randomized Double-blinded Study P. Aspenberg* 1, H. K. Genant 2, T. Johansson 1, A. J. Nino 3, K. See 3, K. Krohn 3, P. Garcia 4, C. P. Recknor 5, T. A. Einhorn 6, G. P. Dalsky 3, M. Lakshmanan 3 Presented at ECTS 2008
PTH (1-34) Clinical study on distal radial fractures.
PTH (1-34) Clinical study on distal radial fractures. International multicenter Eli Lilly Corp. 105 conservatively treated cases Radiography every 2nd week Central radiographic reading
PTH (1-34) Clinical study on distal radial fractures. International multicenter Eli Lilly Corp. 106 conservatively treated fractures Radiography every 2nd week Central radiographic reading 20 µg, 40 µg or placebo. Double-blinded.
PTH (1-34) 80% completed follow-up 27 placebo 29 teriparatide 20 µg 26 teriparatide 40 µg 84
PTH (1-34) Statistical analysis Gehan-Wilcoxon test and bootstrap method (median healing time) Hypothesis 1: teriparatide 40 µg > placebo If so: Hypothesis 2: teriparatide 20 µg > placebo
N = 84
N = 84
Post - hoc P-values Overall 0.01 PTH 40 µg vs placebo 0.4 PTH 20 µg vs placebo 0.003
Incorrectly included Volar dislocation 3 No dislocation 5 Previous fracture 1
placebo 20 µg 40 µg
Median healing time (weeks) Placebo 9.2 PTH 20 µg 7.1 PTH 40 µg 8.8 P-values Overall <0.001 PTH 40 µg vs placebo 0.13 PTH 20 µg vs placebo <0.001 PTH 20 µg vs PTH 40 0.03
PTH(1-34) appears to moderately shorten the time to radiographic healing in distal radial fractures, but with an unclear dose response Special feature of distal radius? Bad luck?? Further studies needed
EP-2 agonist Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 May 27;100(11):6736-40.
EP-2 agonist Prostaglandin E2 Receptors EP1, EP2, EP3, EP4
Fig. 3. X-rays of canine ulnar critical defect treated with 1.0 ml of PLGH matrix show no healing/ rebridging sequence at 2 (A), 12 (B), and 24 (C) weeks after surgery Paralkar, V. M. et al. (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100, 6736-6740 Copyright 2003 by the National Academy of Sciences
EP-2 agonist Radiologisk läkning efter 24 veckor Läkt PLGA EP2 agonist* Helt Delvis Icke Totalt *10 mg of CP-533,536 + 1.0 ml of PLGH Data from Paralkar et al 2003
Statiner?
Brottkraft, 14 dagar N (n= 12) 10 (n= 11) 5 0 Control Simvastatin
Simvastatin, lokal minipump 0.1 mg/kg /day 14 days (n = 9 + 10) Transverse area (mm 2 ) Force at failure (N) Energy uptake (Nmm) 14 12 5 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Control P=0.24 Simva 10 8 6 4 2 0 Control P=0.003 Simva 4 3 2 1 0 Control P=0.002 Simva
Rat From Garret,,, Mundy. JOR. 2007;25:1351
Rat From Garret,,, Mundy. JOR. 2007;25:1351 Narrow dose range?
Protesfixation Vi tror att fixationen är resultatet av en tävling mellan bennedbrytning eller benbildning
Protesfixation Vi tror att fixationen är resultatet av en tävling mellan bennedbrytning eller benbildning I så fall borde minskad nedbrytning förbättra fixationen
Protesfixation Vi tror att fixationen är resultatet av en tävling mellan bennedbrytning eller benbildning I så fall borde minskad nedbrytning förbättra fixationen BIFOSFONATER!!
Clodronate prevents prosthetic migration. 50 TKA Clodronate vs placebo 6 months Double-blinded Migration (RSA)
degrees 2,00 Clodronate Placebo 1,50 1,00 0,50 0,00-0,50 6 v 6 m 1 y 2 y 4 y Time
Bisphosphonates Local peroperative ibandronate 1 mg (1mL) direct to tibial resection surface before cementing Prospective randomized double-blinded NexGen Knee prosthesis RSA 0, 0.5, 1 and 2 years 50 pat. Lost to follow-up: 1 dead, 1 refused
1,9,8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1 0 MTPM (mm) 6 mo 1 y 2 y Ibandronate Placebo Rep meas Anova p=0.006
Placebo Ibandronat
.90 Systemic clodronate 0 3 6 12 24 48 6 12 24 Control Bisphosphonate
.90 Systemic clodronate.90 Local ibandronate 0 3 0 6 12 24 48 6 12 24 Control Bisphosphonate months
Placebo 2 år Bifosfonat 2 år Dikotomin för kontrollgruppen är signifikant (p=0.03).
Bisphos coating Acid etching
Pull-out Force (N) 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 0 1 2 4 8 Weeks
Pull-out Energy (Nmm) 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 1 2 4 8 Weeks
But, This can not be explained by decreased removal of dead bone!
Control 1 week
Control 8 weeks
Control 8 weeks Bisphos 8 weeks
8 weeks 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0-10
80 ISQ at 6 months 75 70 65 60 55 pat1 pat2 Pat 3 Pat 4 Pat 5 50 45
20 Change in ISQ 15 10 5 0-5 -10 pat1 pat2 Pat 3 Pat 4 Pat 5-15 -20
Ja, vi kan påskynda frakturläkning (och därmed implantatfixation) med mekanisk stimulering och flera läkemedel.