Discovering!!!!! Swedish ÅÄÖ EPISODE 3 Adjec'ves Misi.se 2011 1
Dialogue Swedish Kallt... Hmm? Det är* kallt. Fryser du? Ja. Ahh... Det är varmt i Spanien...** Har du ingen varm jacka? Nej, den är gul. Huh? English Anna Cold... Hmm? It is cold. Are you cold? Yes. Ahh... It is warm in Spain... Have you no warm jacket? No, it is yellow. Huh? Notes: ** Swedish pronuncia'on does not always reflect the spelling. The copula är is onen pronounced é in casual speech. Thus, you may hear Swedes say something like: Ja é varm, even though it is spelt jag är varm. Although this is common pracqce today, it is never wrong to pronounce är as it is wriren. * The first lerer in the names of geographical places are always capitalized. Misi.se 2011 1
Key vocabulary Swedish English kall varm (ar) frysa det är här än gul jacka du har du ingen? cold warm being cold (person) it is here than yellow jacket you have you no? Key sentences Swedish Har du inga varma kläder? English Don t you have any warm clothes? Det är kallt. It is cold. Jag fryser. I am cold. Är det kallt ute idag? Is it cold outside today? Vädret i Sverige är allqd kallt. The weather in Sweden is always cold. Misi.se 2011 2
Grammar Explanations N/Pro + to be + adj. This is one of two basic sentence structures for using adjecqves taught in this lesson. Of the two, this is probably the most basic, yet very versaqle and common. The sentence structure is: Noun or Pronoun + the copula to be + AdjecQve. Example: The car is big Bilen är stor Noun to be adjec0ve It is big Den är stor Pronoun to be adjec0ve Det. + adj. + N This is the second of two basic sentence structures for using adjecqves taught in this lesson. This structure is slightly more advanced, as it shows you how to use adjecqves to provide addiqonal informaqon about the subject or the object in a sentence. The sentence structure is: Determiner + AdjecQve + Noun. Example: The big car collided with the small car Den stora bilen krockade med den lilla* bilen Definite adjec0ve determiner noun definite adjec0ve determiner noun Subject Verb Object A big car collided with a small car En stor bil krockade med en liten bil Indefinite adjec0ve noun indefinite adjec0ve noun determiner determiner * Liten is an irregular adjec've, thus the form lilla in this example. Inflec'on of adjec'ves What these basic sentence structures do not cover, is adjecqve inflecqons. In Swedish, adjecqves are inflected (modified) according to number (singular/plural) and noun gender (common/neuter), as well as when used together with possessive pronouns or the geniqve. For more on this, see the secqon AdjecQves below. Misi.se 2011 3
Adjec'ves as aoributes (indefinite form) Adjectives AdjecQves are words that describe a person or other nouns. There are two indefinite arqcles (en and er) for nouns in Swedish, and they also affect the appearance of the adjecqves. When an adjecqve describes an en- noun (common), you use the base form of the adjecqve, also referred to as the dicqonary form. If the adjecqve describes an er- noun (neuter), t is usually added as a suffix at the end of the adjecqve. En stor bil (a big car) ER stort hus (a big house) For the plural form, you simply add an a to the base form of the adjecqve. Plural forms look exactly the same for both en- nouns (common) and er- nouns (neuter). Många stora bilar Många stora hus (many big houses) Adjec'ves as aoributes (definite form) If your talk about a parqcular thing you always use the definite form. If you use some adjecqves in combinaqon with the definite form of a noun, the lerer a is added to the base form of the adjecqve. Sing. Den stora bilen (the big car) Plur. De stora bilarna (the big cars) Det stora huset (the big house) De stora husen (the big houses) Adjec'ves as predicate If you use adjecqves together with the copula vara (to be), the adjecqves are modified for er- nouns (neuter) and the plural form. Sing. Bilen är stor (the car is big) Plur. Bilarna är stora (the cars are big) Huset är stort (the house is big) Husen är stora (the houses are big) Adjec'ves aser possessive pronouns If you want to talk about the things you own, you also use the ending a for the adjecqve. The same forms are used if you use geniqve forms. Sing. Min stora bil (my big car) Plur. Mina stora bilar (my big cars) MiR stora hus (my big house) Mina stora hus (my big houses) Example of the geniqve form: Sing. Annas stora bil (Anna s big car) Plur. Annas stora bilar (Anna s big cars) Annas stora hus (Anna s big house) Annas stora hus (Anna s big houses) Misi.se 2011 4
Irregular adjec'ves Here are some adjecqves that are irregular: En- noun ER- noun Plural English (common) (neuter) söt sör söta sweet mild milt milda mild ny nir nya new ExcepQons in plural form: En- noun ER- noun Plural English (common) (neuter) gammal gammalt gamla old enkel enkelt enkla easy, simple vacker vackert vackra beauqful morgen moget mogna mature Here are some adjecqves that remain the same, no marer if you use them in combinaqon with en- nouns (common), er- nouns (neuter) or in the plural. The adjecqves look the same in all three cases: En- noun ER- noun Plural English (common) (neuter) bra bra bra good intressant intressant intressant interesqng enda enda enda only graqs graqs graqs graqs, for free gyllene gyllene gyllene golden samqda samqda samqda contemporary Misi.se 2011 5
Vocabulary List Reading the Vocab. Lists With this episode, we present the first AdjecQve Vocabulary List. The column headings are: Adjec've (en) Adjec've (eo) this column holds the dicqonary form of the adjecqves. When used with an en- noun (common noun) this is the adjecqve form to use. this column shows the adjecqves inflected for use with er- nouns (neuter). Adjec've (plural) in this column you find the adjecqves inflected for use with the plural. English this column contains the English equivalents of the Swedish adjecqves. Adjec've Vocabulary List Adjec've (en) Adjec've (eo) Adjec've (plural) English billig billigt billiga cheap, inexpensive dyr dyrt dyra expensive dålig dåligt dåliga bad enkel enkelt enkla easy, simple fang fangt fanga poor fin fint fina nice, fine frisk friskt friska healthy (person) gammal gammalt gamla old glad glar glada happy hungrig hungrigt hungriga hungry hög högt höga high intressant intressant intressant interesqng kall kallt kalla cold ledsen ledset ledsna sad liten litet små lirle ljus ljust ljusa light, clear lugn lugnt lugna calm låg lågt låga low Misi.se 2011 6
lång långt långa long långsam långsamt långsamma slow lär lär lära easy, light mörk mörkt mörka dark ny nyr nya new ren rent rena clean rik rikt rika rich rolig roligt roliga funny sann sant sanna true sjuk sjukt sjuka ill snabb snabbt snabba fast, quick snygg snyggt snygga beauqful, nice- looking, handsome stark starkt starka strong stor stort stora big, tall svag svagt svaga weak svår svårt svåra difficult, hard säker säkert säkra sure, secure tjock tjockt tjocka thick trevlig trevligt trevliga nice tråkig tråkigt tråkiga boring trör trör tröra Qred ung ungt unga young vacker vackert vackra beauqful varm varmt varma warm Misi.se 2011 7