BOENDEFORMENS BETYDELSE FÖR ASYLSÖKANDES INTEGRATION Lina Sandström

BOENDEFORMENS BETYDELSE FÖR ASYLSÖKANDES INTEGRATION Lina Sandström

Frågeställningar Kan asylprocessen förstås som en integrationsprocess? Hur fungerar i sådana fall denna process? Skiljer sig asylprocessen åt, och därmed förutsättningarna för integration, i olika typer av boende?

ABO och EBO ABO (anläggningsboende) 72 249 inskrivna i migrationsverkets mottagningssystem (2016-10-01) I första hand lägenheter som hyrs direkt av migrationsverket, i andra hand så kallat ABT boende (tillfälligt anläggningsboende) i före detta hotell, vandrarhem osv. EBO (Eget boende) 42 568 inskrivna i migrationsverkets mottagningssystem (2016-10-01) Den asylsökande ordnar egen bostad, oftast som inneboende hos släkt eller vänner.

Integrationsdomäner (Ager och Strang 2008) Indikatorer Arbete Bostad Utbildning Hälsa Sociala Sociala broar Sociala band Sociala länkar Främjande Språk och kultur Säkerhet och stabilitet Grundläggande Rättigheter och medborgarskap

Integration forts. Klassisk sociologi: Tönnies och Durkheim. Gemeinschaft, community, mekanisk solidaritet. Traditionella samhällen Bygger på nära band, likhet. Gesselschaft, society, organisk solidaritet.. Moderna samhällen Opersonliga band, skillnader skapar beroende.

Metod Semistrukturerade intervjuer med asylsökande från Syrien i två olika kommuner. Intervjuer och mer informella samtal med kommunanställda och volontärer i båda kommunerna. Två fokusgrupper i den mindre ABO-kommunen. ABO: 8 intervjuer med asylsökande. EBO: 9 Intervjuer med asylsökande. Ålder: 19-58 år; Kvinnor: 9, Män: 8 Intervjuerna genomfördes mestadels på engelska.

Community i EBO My first days, they were like coming to paradise. The first day I arrived here. We were here at four o clock. Eh, PM. Mm, and we had an engagement party. So we arrived at four o clock and after five or six hours we wake up and everything was ready, my relatives had everything, clothes and everything because the smugglers took everything. We had everything and we went to someone who made our, to a hair dresser, and my children had new clothes and we had a party and many, many other parties in the same month, it was like getting out from a place for one and a half years and then in one month you go to parties, you have many, many parties. It was very good for my children, they were very, very happy. (Kvinna, EBO)

Community i EBO Many friends tried to convince us to go to other cities, in the North or here, near [this city]. But I don t want to take my children to another place, it is enough for them the time we had in Turkey. It was very, very difficult for them. You know, when the parents are not in good humour, so the children can understand it. One and a half year, when they see I m very sad, the children are also. So now, I don t want them to be sad anymore, I want them to be happy. I think they are happy with other people from Syria, they can have contact with them and we have many relatives here. They are so relaxed. Very, very relaxed. (Kvinna, EBO) Ja, jag tror att om de var i en annan stad, i en annan kommun de skulle lära sig bättre svenska. Men de lärde sig det här uttalet, det här språket som [den här staden] pratar, det är inte som svenskar. Jag hör det när svenskar pratar så snabbt, man förstår inte. Men här när de pratar svenska, alla förstår. Det är inte samma dialekt, inte samma ton, inte samma melodi eller vad man säger. Eh, inte samma dialekt. Men de lärde sig så snabbt. De är duktiga och de studerar bra. De klarar sig. (Kvinna, EBO)

Community i ABO From now till two years, we will not think about changing. And maybe we will not think before five years. Because, as I told you, my children like it here, have friends, and if you change and change, they will not have and it is very difficult for them to have new friends. But I think it is enough for them. They lost their friends in Damascus, then in [Northern Sweden], I don t want them to be not connected with someone. It is better to be connected. (Kvinna, ABO) In a big city maybe I can lose my children. And in a small town, like [this town], everyone know my children. They know I am their father, if they do anything that is wrong, they give it to me, they said to me that your son did something wrong, so it is better for me if I am living in a small town. If I live I a big town, no one knows me, no one knows my children. Also, here in [this town]you have, until now maybe I know 100 person they said to me hi, hi. Ok, they know me. If I have any problems they can help me. In a big city you don t find people like this. (Man, ABO)

Community i ABO Maybe, I think it is the same all over the world, in Syria it was also, if you speak with someone who lives, not in Damascus, in another, or coming from another town, they are acting, not the same, as those that was in a crowded city, or work very much and I don t know. And the families in the towns, are connected more. I saw this here as well. They care more about their grown up children in smaller towns. And it was even more so in [Northern Sweden] where we were. It was 800 persons. And they were really like Syria, they, all of them lived in the same place. (Kvinna, EBO)

Slutsatser? Asylprocessen som en integrationsprocess? Ja och nej, både frustration och framsteg. Många hade fäst sig vid orten de bodde på, framförallt barnfamiljer. Community och Society går inte alltid hand i hand.