Miljöbedömning av fastigheter. Climate change? Tipping point spots. Klimatet, hållbarhet och miljöbalken

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1 Miljöbedömning av fastigheter Klimatet, hållbarhet och miljöbalken Corporate sustainability, Soft Landings och Green leasing Sjuka hus Miljöbedömning vid rivning enl PBL Bedömning av byggnadens prestanda och platsrelaterade aspekter Climate change? Tipping point spots 1

2 Triple bottom-line of sustainability Ecological development Social/ cultural development Economic development Sektorns miljöpåverkan 35 % av energin 50 % av elen 1000miljonertonvatten miljarder m 3 luft 20 % direkta/indirekta växthusgaserna 15 % av avfallet Utsläpp.. 3 2

3 ISO 15392:2008 Sustainability in building construction Construction works everything that is constructed or results from construction operations Life cycle consecutive and interlinked stages of the object of consideration Performance ability to fulfill required functions under intended use conditions or behavior in use 9 principles of sustainability (ISO Sustainability in building construction) 1. Continual improvement Improvment of all sustainability aspects over time 2. Equity Consideration of intergenerational, interregional and intrasocetal ethics 3. Global thinking and local action Acting locally consider global consequences, applying global strategies consider local implications 4. Holistic approach Includes all aspects of sustainability 5. Involvment of interested parties Involvement of stakeholders in relation of importance, resposibility and timing 9 principles of sustainability (ISO Sustainability in building construction) 6. Long-term consideration Short-, medium- and long-term implications including performance over time and life-cycle thinking 7. Precaution and risk management Precautionary principle adaption through risk management 8. Responsibility Comprises moral responsibility for actions carried out 9. Trancparency Information in an open comprehensive and understandable way with traceable underlying data and verifiable credibility 3

4 Indicators (quantitative, qualitative or descriptive measures) Ecological Performance of the building Durability and service life Accessibility, i.e. public transport Location Building site Economic Investment Indicators Usage of buildings Maintenance Deconstruction and waste treatment Development of economic value of the building Revenue generated from the building and its service Indicators Social Quality as a workable and liveable place Health and safety issues related to the building Access to services User satisfaction Cultural protection and architectural quality Possibility for social cohesion such, i.e. mix of social and cultural groups 4

5 Miljöbalken: Allmänna hänsynsregler Bevisbörderegeln Kunskapskravet Försiktighetsprincipen Lokaliseringsprincipen Hushållnings- och kretsloppsprincipen Produktvalsprincipen Skadeansvaret Förorenade områden Undersökningsplikt för köpare ( jmfr jordabalken ) vid förvärvet känt till föroreningarna eller då borde ha upptäckt dem. endast känt till för privatbostadsfastighet 5

6 Corporate sustainability Or corporate social responsibility, CSR Mid -00, forthcoming standard ISO Sustainability relatetd to business context what is produced (products projects/ services) how it is produced (processes) by whom (people) its implication for stakeholders investors, consumers and society Corporate sustainability for the construction sector Employees Safe Working Condi+ons Pollu+on Regulatory Compliance Corporate Sustain- ability Agenda Defects/ Rework Wastage Investors Environ- mentally sound projects Consumers & Society Corporate sustainability by knowledge management Managing knowledge assets as Intellectual capital Economic value associated with organizational, customer and human factors Structual capital organizational processes, hardware- and software and supply chains remaining after the employees have left for the day Customer capital products and customer relationship knowledge with consumers, society and other stakeholders 6

7 Soft Landings Developed in UK (Cambridge) Five stages Inception and briefing Design and construction Pre-handover Initial aftercare Extended aftercare in year 1-3 after handover Soft Landings Building projects are judged on their operational outcomes, not their design specifications Practical completion is no longer the point at which a project team is paid and disbands The Defects Liability period is replaced by graduated handover Design teams take greater responsibility for long-term performance, certified by measurement. Final payment will be on certified achievement, against a range of Key Performance Indicators. Soft Landings Above, Fig. 1: Soft Landings expressed as a process, with the blue shaded area (exaggerated vertical scale) roughly equating to the effort expended by Soft Landings team members. The construction period is not shown. The gradient of effort during the aftercare period is purely illustrative, and may be steeper or shallower depending on building complexity, the issues that emerge, and the quality of preparation during earlier stages. The actual move-in by the occupiers can be dependant on activities immediately pre and posthandover that are unknown by the construction team. A relatively small involvement by the design team and constructor in the users logistics planning can help minimise the inevitable upset to occupiers caused by unforeseen clashes with site activities. It is crucial that the aftercare team are not only helping ease the users lives during the first weeks of occupation, but are seen to be doing so. A visible home should be pre-arranged and available from day one of occupation. 2.4 Stage 4: Initial Aftercare The responsibility for operating the building is with the client s facilities team. However, the continuing involvement of the designers, the main contractor, and significant sub-contractors during the defects liability period and the following two years of aftercare support will help the occupiers get the best out of using the building. Team members must make themselves available to deal pre-emptively with queries and misunderstandings. The observations they make, the questions they answer, the responses they get and the insights they derive will help prevent minor from problems developing into longer-term chronic irritants for the occupants and the client alike. Their period of residence also provides an opportunity to observe and learn from initial feedback and problem-solving. 2.5 Stage 5: Aftercare Year 1 7 In year 1 the first opportunity will occur for any necessary seasonal fine-tuning of systems, particularly heating and cooling. Adjustment for client/user changes, space usage or decisions on occupancy is not part of fine-

8 Green Lease Guide for commercial office tenants Big savings can be easier and cheaper to achieve than small ones if you combine the right ingredients in the right way. Amory Lovins Green Leasing Developed in Australia mid -00 Now on the Finnish Real Estate market Two approaches: the obligations for reduced consumption and environmentally responsible behaviour are mandated by either the tenant or the landlord within the lease where mutual objectives are set out in the lease for both parties to achieve, leading to responsibilities and liabilities for both parties. Green Lease Guide for commercial office tenants This Guide accompanies the Investa precedent lease. Investa s precedent lease is regarded as a green lease because it sets out environmental and social objectives as part of the relationship between building owner and tenant. Commitments in this Guide apply to: Building name and address Why a green lease? This Guide explains how a green lease will benefit your organisation. The checklists in this Guide set out: Building owner s commitments What can this building do for you? Tenant s commitments How can your office add value to your business? Green Lease Guide 1 8

9 Green Leasing Hälsa och komfort BRI (Building Related Illness) (Willers, 1996) Legionella (Inneboken, 1998) IEI (Ideopatic Enviromental Intolerance) (Van den Bergh et al, 1999) MCS (Multiple Chemichal Sensitivity) (Sparks et al, 1994) SBS (Sick Building Syndrome) (Arnetz, 1999) Electric Hypersensitivity (Andersson et al, 1996). Tänkbara orsaker Fysiska orsaker Fukt Oorganiska gaser (ozon, kvävedioxid, radon, koldioxid) Organiska gaser (VVOC, VOC, SVOC, POM) Bioaerosoler (mikroorganismer, allergener) Psykosociala orsaker Stressfaktorer Psykosomatiska besvär Psykiska sjukdomar 9

10 Rivningslov enl PBL Inom detaljplan; för att riva byggnader eller del av byggnader Undantag: byggnader eller del av byggnader som inte omfattas av bygglov vid uppförande Rivning Rivningslov/Rivningsanmälan Kontrollansvarig Startbesked Inventering av objektet map farligt och miljöstörande avfall utförs Rivningsplan upprättas och bifogas Rivningsplan innehåller hur rivningsmaterialet kommer att hanteras Kontrollansvarig ska se till att rivningsplan följs 10

11 ANMÄLAN Fastighet och sökande Kontrollansvarig!! Ärende!!!!!!!!!!!!! Byggnadstyp!!!!!!!!!!!!! Areauppgifter (vid rivning av byggnad/er eller del av därav) Handlingar som bifogas anmälan!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 11

12 Farligt avfall enligt Avfallsförordning (2001:1063) Explosivt Oxiderande Brandfarliga Irriterande Hälsoskadliga Giftigt Smittförande Ekotoxiskt CMR-ämnen: Cancerogena Mutagena Reproduktionstörande 12

13 Asbest Asbestos, Lungcancer Brandskyddsmtrl Isolering Skivor Alkaliskydd mattor för betong Fyllmedel i färger, kitt, spackel Kakelfix Golvlim Pluggmtrl Värmepumpar Klimatanläggninger Kyl- och frysskåp CFC, HCFC ozonskiktet Cellplast extruderad polystyren Hård polyuretan PUR Polyetenskum PE Kvicksilver centrala nervsystemet, njurar, fosterskador, allergi Lysrör Nivågivare Termometrar, termostater Trappströmbrytare Varmvattenberedare Batterier 13

14 Polyklorerade bifenyler, PCB cancer, immunförsvar, fruktsamhet Kondensatorer Transformatorer Mjukgörare i fogmassor Acrydurgolv Isolerrutor Oljehaltiga elkablar Kadmium blodbrist, njure, benskörhet Plastmtrl (profiler, rör, golv, byggplast Stabilisator eller pigment Ytbehandling av plåt Legering Batterier Lödprodukter Konstnärsfärger Färg-, lack- limavfall Pigment Bindemedel Lösningsmedel Torkmedel Konserveringsmedel Biocider 14

15 Oljeavfall och markföroreningar Oljehaltiga kablar Elmotorer Kontaminerat mtrl, ex betong, jord, massor från spill i industriverksamhet, bensin-mack, garage mm Bitumenavfall (PEH) Olje- eller fettavskjiljare Cisterner Miljöstörande avfall Bly fosterskador, blodbrist, lever, njure nervsystem Avloppsrör av gjutjärn, skarvar Nivågivare Stabilator i PVC Pigment i färg Plåt Batterier Kablar Rostskydd 15

16 Övriga metalller Koppar vattenlevande org, ackumulerande Tak Fasader Plåt Vattenledningsrör Elkablar Zink - vattenlevande org, ackumulerande Diskbänkar Zinkgalvad plåt Flamskyddsmedel akut förgiftn, hudcancer Textilier Styrencellplast Elektronisk utrustning Impregnerat virke: cancer, allergi, mm Koppar Krom Arsenik Organiska tennföreningar Pentaklorfenol Kreosot Trall Stolpar Bryggor Utelek Syllar Utv panel Torpargrund 16

17 PVC: ackumulerande, fosterskador, cancer mm Klor Dioxiner Org tennföreningar Ftalater (mjukgörare) Stabilisatorer Flamskyddsmedel Pigment Vinylmattor Plattor Plastprofiler Rör Elrör Kabelisolering Ytbeklädnad för isolering Tools to assess the (ecological) performance of a building LCA based Escale (Fra) Eco-Quantuum (Nl) Eco-Effect (Sw) Envest (UK) Criteria-based NABERS (Au) Energy Star (Au) Miljöstatus (Sw) Miljöbedömning av fastigheter (Sw) Ecoprofile (No) Combination of LCA and criteria-based Miljöbyggnad (Sw) GBTool (Int) LEED (USA) BREEAM (UK) CASBEE (Jpn) OGIP (Swz) Building performance Miljöinventering Från miljöledningssystem (ISO 14001, EMAS) Kartlägg egen (organisationens) påverkan Sätta upp egna mål och rutiner Säkerställa ständig förbättring Miljöinventera fastighetsbeståndet Byggnader med Miljöbyggnad, Miljöstatus, Miljöbedömning av byggnader, GBTool, LEED mfl Komplettera med platsrelaterade ekologiska, ekonomiska och sociala aspekter samt energideklaration Underhållsplanera utifrån miljöinventeringen och samordna åtgärder 17

18 Inventering I Basuppgifter Användning, byggnadsår, area, mediaförbrukning, mätningar, provtagningar, energideklarationer Inomhusmiljö Enkät hyresgäster Byggnad Material, ex stomme, ytskikt, fogmassor mm. Riskmaterial, särskild risk för hälsa eller miljö Inventering II Installationer Ventilation, uppvärmning, kylning, el, vatten och avlopp Typ av system, material, energi- och vattenförbrukning, EMF Utemiljö Buller, luftföroreningar, hantering av dagvatten Byggnads placering, mängd växtlighet Environmental review Relative comparisons 18

19 Environmental review Final classification Sustainability assessment Location and building site Ecological aspects Geology and hydrology Topography Soil Wet areas Polluted ground areas Ground water level Flora and fauna Biotopes Biodiversity Panhandle and swathes Climate and air quality Normal variation of climate, on annual-, seasonal- and daily basis Wind and shelter Sun and shadow Damp or dry Cold or warm Air pollution Sustainability assessment Location and building site Economic aspects The cultural part Land use Historical use Archaeology Present use Surrounding buildings and facilities Local construction tradition Conveyance Existing infrastructure Heating Water supply Sewage Body of water Roads Waste management Electricity Broadband Telephone Mobile phone Broadcasts 19

20 Sustainability assessment Location and building site Economic aspects Market aspects Market values of the surrounding properties Taxation values of the surrounding properties Demand and supply of similar properties Level of rental agreements of commercial properties Level of rental agreements of similar types of flats Existing conveyance Traffic Transports in the surroundings Sustainability assessment Location and building site Social aspects Human needs Territory Security Well-being Comprehension Accessibility Flexibility Affinity Groups Common facilities Service Urban life Participation Aesthetics 20