Information Visualization, spring 2012

Transkript

1 Information Visualization, spring 2012 Quiz given (50 questions + 1 essay question, max 84 p. Grades: 3: 50 p., 4: 63 p., 5: 75 p.) Multiple-choice section 1. Cognitive tools (1 p.) In his first chapter Ware talks about cognitive tools. What is it? a. Perceptional units like vision, hearing, sensing and smell. b. External objects like pens, papers, calculators etc. c. Neurophysiological entities like the visual cortex and different visual centers like V1, V2, etc. d. Abstract structural physiological units like short term memory, working memory, long term memory, etc. e. Mental representations, mnemonics, like remembering a code though the geometrical pattern the numbers create on the number pad. 2. Visual buffer (1 p.) Visual sensations are stored for a very short time in a special buffer. Ware mentions 0,1 to 0,2 sec.. What is the name of this buffer? 3. The Stroop effect (1 p.) During a lecture I demonstrated this effect named after the American researcher that in 1935 published this discovery. What is it about? a. The cones in the eye are sensitive within three different wavelength areas. They are most sensitive within the yellow-green area and least sensitive within the blue area. That is why we do not see blue colors as well as others. b. An important human limitation that show that we can only hold a very limited number of items in our short term memory. c. When we see red text on top of a blue background most of us feel an uncomfortable sensation. This is because the red and the blue wavelengths are in either end of the spectrum and are refracted differently by the lens in the eye. They can thereby not be both in focus at the same time. d. It is no problem to say the name of the ink random words are printed in. But when the words are names of colors, different from the one they are printed in, this becomes a lot harder. This is because

2 reading is automatic and this situation creates an integration conflict in the brain. e. The most common type of colorblindness affecting about 8 % of the male population. 4. Miller (1 p.) I have several times mentioned a very famous paper published by the American researcher George Miller in What was it about? a. The cones in the eye are sensitive within three different wavelength areas. They are most sensitive within the yellow-green area and least sensitive within the blue area. That is why we do not see blue colors as well as others. b. An important human limitation that show that we can only hold a very limited number of items in our short term memory. c. When we see red text on top of a blue background most of us feel an uncomfortable sensation. This is because the red and the blue wavelengths are in either end of the spectrum and are refracted differently by the lens in the eye. They can thereby not be both in focus at the same time. d. It is no problem to say the name of the ink random words are printed in. But when the words are names of colors, different from the one they are printed in, this becomes a lot harder. This is because reading is automatic and this situation creates an integration conflict in the brain. e. The most common type of colorblindness affecting about 8 % of the male population. 5. Chromatic aberration (1 p.) What is chromatic aberration? a. The cones in the eye are sensitive within three different wavelength areas. They are most sensitive within the yellow-green area and least sensitive within the blue area. That is why we do not see blue colors as well as others. b. An important human limitation that show that we can only hold a very limited number of items in our short term memory. c. When we see red text on top of a blue background most of us feel an uncomfortable sensation. This is because the red and the blue wavelengths are in either end of the spectrum and are refracted differently by the lens in the eye. They can thereby not be both in focus at the same time. d. It is no problem to say the name of the ink random words are printed in. But when the words are names of colors, different from the one they are printed in, this becomes a lot harder. This is because reading is automatic and this situation creates an integration conflict in the brain. e. The most common type of colorblindness affecting about 8 % of the male population. 6. Visual interaction possibilities (1 p.) James Gibson introduced 1979 a notion that is very handy for an interaction designer: the importance to show representations that point to possibilities for interaction. What was the term he used?

3 7. Different types (3 p.) William Gaver further divided the concept mentioned in the previous question into three categories. Which? a. b c 8. Usability (6 p.) It is really important that all visualizations are tested to make sure they are understandable in an efficient way. The ISO standard gives us three important parameters that we can use to measure the usability of our visualization. Which three parameters is it? (Write their names in the left column.) Then match each parameter with its explanation by a connecting line. A subjective rating of userfriendliness With what cognitive effort a goal is reached How well the task is solved 9. The eye (1 p.) In the back of the eye, in the center of the retina, there is a small area of densely packed sensors. What is the name of this area? 10. The eye 2 (1 p.) This is the crucial area that allows us to see sharply within a narrow sector. How narrow? a degrees b. 1-2 degrees c. 2-4 degrees d degrees

4 e degrees f degrees 11. The total visual field (1 p.) How large is the (human) field of view when using both eyes? a. Exactly 210 degrees b. Just above 210 degrees c. Exactly 180 degrees d. Less than 180 degrees e. Just above 180 degrees 12. Eye movements 1 (1 p.) When we look our eye gaze jumps rapidly from place to place. What is the scientific term for these jumps? 13 Eye movements 2 (1 p.) During the rapid motion of the eyes, vision is suppressed. Instead the brain takes in visual information during short periods rests. What is the scientific name fore these short periods of rest? 14. The study of symbols and how they convey meaning (1 p.) The American philosopher C.S. Peirce and the French linguist Ferdinand de Saussure originated a discipline defining a principle of arbitrariness (randomness) as applying to the relationship between the symbol and the thing that is signified. Meaning in one culture may be nonsense in another. What is the name of this discipline?

5 15. Sensory representations (4 p.) Ware writes in chapter 1 about the difference between sensory and arbitrary representations. He gives FOUR characteristics of sensory representations. These four characteristics are in the list below, which are they? (1 point per right answer, but 1 minus point for each wrong answer. The minimum number of points on the question is however 0.) a. Understanding without training. b. Hard to learn. c. Resistance to instructional bias. d. Sensory immediacy. e. Easy to forget. f. Cross-cultural validity. g. Embedded in culture and applications h. Capable of rapid change i. Formally powerful 16. Arbitrary representations (5 p.) Ware writes in chapter 1 about the difference between sensory and arbitrary representations. He gives FIVE characteristics of arbitrary representations. These four characteristics are in the list below, which are they? (1 point per right answer, but 1 minus point for each wrong answer. The minimum number of points on the question is however 0.) a. Understanding without training. b. Hard to learn. c. Resistance to instructional bias. d. Sensory immediacy. e. Easy to forget. f. Cross-cultural validity. g. Embedded in culture and applications h. Capable of rapid change i. Formally powerful

6 17. Text contrast (1 p.) Luminance is a measure of the light that radiates out from a surface. The luminance is important when it comes to judging the contrast difference between e.g. a txt and its background. What is the RECOMMENDED contrast difference between txt and background according to the ISO standard? a. 2:1 b. 3:1 c. 4:1 d. 5:1 e. 6:1 f. 7:1 g. 8:1 h. 9:1 i. 10:1 18. Text contrast 2 (1 p.) Luminance is a measure of the light that radiates out from a surface. The luminance is important when it comes to judging the contrast difference between e.g. a txt and its background. What is the MINIMUM contrast difference between txt and background according to the ISO standard? a. 2:1 b. 3:1 c. 4:1 d. 5:1 e. 6:1 f. 7:1 g. 8:1 h. 9:1 i. 10:1 19 Luminance as information carrier (1 p.) What does Ware write about luminance as information carrier? (He calls it gray-scale encoding ) a. It is a good method because the eye is very sensitive to small differences in luminance b. It is a good method because the contrast is not affected differences in the ambient light c. It is not a good method because our perception compensates for differences in luminosity d. It is not a good method because we have individual differences in our sensitivity to luminosity and some individuals have very little sensitivity.

7 20. Simultaneous brightness-contrast (1 p.) What simultaneous brightness-contrast does the term describe? a. A Mach Band b. A Chevreul illusion c. A general effect where a gray band looks brighter on a dark background than it looks on a light background. d. An edge enhancement effect. 21. Colorblindness (1 p.) About 8 % of the male population and 1 % of the female suffers from colorblindness. The most common form leads to difficulties to separate which two colors? a. Red and blue. b. Green and yellow. c. Blue and green. d. Green and red. e. Red and yellow. f. Blue and black. g. Yellow and blue. 22. Chromatic differences (1 p.) What does Ware say about using chromatic differences to communicate forms and detailed information as e.g. text? a. Colors can be used with the limitation posed by colorblindness in parts of the population b. Colors can be used with except the red-green channel c. Colors can be used with except the blue-yellow channel d. Colors must be used with care, and only very saturated colors d. Colors should never be used because they are in many respects inferior to luminosity channel

8 23. Primary colors 1 (1 p.) Neurophysiological properties of the different cones in the eye make them sensible only to limited parts of the spectrum each. Which colors do we say that the different types are sensible to? a. Red, green and blue. b. Green, blue and yellow. c. Red, yellow and green. d. Green, yellow, blue and red. e. Cyan and magenta. f. Yellow and cyan. g. Yellow and magenta. h. Cyan, magenta and yellow. i. Cyan, magenta, yellow and black. 24. Three color technology (1 p.) The fact that we have three types of color sensitive sensors means that we by mixing just three colors can match any color in the visible spectrum. These colors can be any three as long as one of them cannot be mixed by the two others. Which three colors are used in computer and TV monitors? a. Red, green and blue. b. Green, blue and yellow. c. Red, yellow and green. d. Green, yellow, blue and red. e. Cyan and magenta. f. Yellow and cyan. g. Yellow and magenta. h. Cyan, magenta and yellow. i. Cyan, magenta, yellow and black.

9 25. Primary colors 2 (1 p.) Ware says that certain colors are hard-wired into the brain as primaries. These colors have unique properties and seem to have unique names in most languages. Which colors are they? a. Red, green and blue. b. Green, blue and yellow. c. Red, yellow and green. d. Green, yellow, blue and red. e. Purple, blue, green, yellow, orange and red. f. Cyan, blue, green, yellow, orange and red. g. Blue, green, yellow, orange and red. h. Purple, blue, green, yellow and red. i. Cyan, magenta, yellow and black. 26. Weak color (1 p.) There is fewer of one the color sensitive sensors in the eye. This leads to that we are less sensitive to one color and as a result should not use that color for important information against a black background. Which color is that? a. Red b. Blue c. Green d. Yellow e. Purple f. Magenta g. Cyan h. Orange i. Wine red 27. Opponent process theory (3 p.) According to the opponent process theory there are three different color opponent channels. Which three? Mark three answers, one for each channel. (1 point for each right answer, and 1 minus point for each wrong answer. But minimum score for the total question is 0.) a. Red and blue b. Green and yellow c. Blue and green d. Green and red e. Blue and yellow f. Red and yellow

10 g. Blue and black h. Orange and gray I. Black and white 28. Acuity and age (1 p.) As the lens ages its ability to accommodate becomes more limited. When the distance for where we can focus gets beyond comfortable reading distance we need reading glasses. About what is the minimum distance cans a 70 years old focus without glasses? a. 5 cm b. 10 cm c. 20 cm d. 30 cm e. 50 cm f. 75 cm g. 100 cm h. 200 cm i. 300 cm j. 400 cm 29. Can you read the small print) (1 p.) According to the regulations of the Swedish Food Administration information like the list of content on food packages has to be easy to understand, clearly visible, legible and permanent. A suggestion for a new EU law says that letters on food packages must be a minimum of how high? a. 1 mm b. 2 mm c. 3 mm d. 4 mm e. 5 mm f. 6 mm 30. Dark adaptation (1 p.) In very low light conditions, extra pigments have to be produced by the light sensitive sensors in the eye. It is called dark adaptation. As a rule of thumb: How long does it take for the eye to become dark adapted? a. 3 min. b. 5 min. c. 10 min. d. 15 min. e. 20 min.

11 f. 30 min. g. 40 min. h. 1 hour 31. Light color for keeping dark adaptation (1 p.) If you display information with a certain color you can prevent the low light sensitive sensors in the eye to become blinded, and thus keep the dark adapted vision. Which color is that? a. Red b. Blue c. Green d. Yellow e. Purple f. Magenta g. Cyan h. Orange i. Wine red 32. The gestalt principles 1 (1 p.) A group of German psychologist formed in the beginning of the 1900 s the so called Gestalt School. They formulated an number of laws (we should call them principles ) for how the brain perceived and organized visual stimuli. Which principle can be illustrated by the picture below? a. The Connectedness Principle b. The Continuity Principle c. The Proximity Principle d. The Similarity Principle e. The Symmetry Principle f. The Closure Principle g. The Relative Size Principle

12 h. The Figure and Ground Principle i. The Familiarity principle 33. The gestalt principles 2 (1 p.) Which Gestalt principle can be illustrated by the picture below? a. The Connectedness Principle b. The Continuity Principle c. The Proximity Principle d. The Similarity Principle e. The Symmetry Principle f. The Closure Principle g. The Relative Size Principle h. The Figure and Ground Principle i. The Familiarity principle 34. The gestalt principles 3 (1 p.) Which Gestalt principle can be illustrated by the picture below? a. The Connectedness Principle b. The Continuity Principle c. The Proximity Principle d. The Similarity Principle e. The Symmetry Principle f. The Closure Principle

13 g. The Relative Size Principle h. The Figure and Ground Principle i. The Familiarity principle 35. Modern Gestalt principles (1 p.) There are also some more modern gestalt principles not originally by the German psychologists. One such principle was illustrated by this picture during a lecture. What principle is that? a. The Connectedness Principle b. The Continuity Principle c. The Proximity Principle d. The Similarity Principle e. The Symmetry Principle f. The Closure Principle g. The Relative Size Principle h. The Figure and Ground Principle i. The Familiarity principle 36. Rubin s Vase (1 p.) Gestalt psychologists were also interested in the effect illustrated by the picture called Rubin s Vase below. What is this effect called? a. The Connectedness Principle b. The Continuity Principle c. The Proximity Principle d. The Similarity Principle e. The Symmetry Principle f. The Closure Principle g. The Relative Size Principle

14 h. The Figure and Ground Principle i. The Familiarity principle 37. Perception of depth 2 (1 p.) In this painting by Can Wilhelmson you experience the depth of the archipelago behind the old men. What depth cue is at work here? a. Occlusion b. Linear perspective c. Size gradient d. Texture gradient e. Cast shadows f. Height in picture plane g. Shading h. Depth of focus i. Reference from nearby known objects j. Degree of contrast k. Stereoscopic depth l. Accommodation m. Convergence n. Motion parallax 38. Sensors in the eye (1 p.) In each eye there are about 126 million sensors. In the area with high acuity in the center of the retina there is only one type. Which? a. Cones b. Rods c. Ganglion cells

15 39. Colors for labeling (1 p.) Ware warns against using too many colors for labeling due to human limitations to recognize colors during different lighting conditions. How many colors for labeling is the maximum Ware recommends? 40. Color sequences (1 p.) Colors are often used to visualize different types of continously varying geographical data sequenses (like terrain heights in th epicture below), but it can also be data like percipitation, temperature, or population density. Using colors in continous sequenses in maps this way has a special name. What name is that? 41. Limited vision under stress (1 p.) Under stress and in general, under conditions of high cognitive work load, the Useful Field of View (UFOV) is narrowed so that only the most important information, normally at the center of the field of view, is processed. This is important to know for designers designing information displays for operators that work under conditions that might be stressful. What do we call this narrowing of the UFOV? 42. Memory units (1 p.) The number of items that we can hold in our short term or working memory is limited. We can increase the number of items by thinking of them as parts of a larger unit. What was the scientific term for this larger unit used by its discoverer?

16 43. Depth cues 1 (1 p.) An important mile stone in the history of art was the invention (or discovery) of how to convey the feeling of depth in a painting. This discovery is often attributed to the 14 century masters Giotto and Brunelleschi. The strange thing is that the brain seem to make use of the same depth cues to construct our three dimensional experience of the world. Ware lists these depth cues in his chapter on spatial perception. What is the name of the depth cue that is based on the principle that if one object overlaps or occludes another, it appears closer to the observer? a. Linear perspective b. Texture gradient c. Size gradient d. Occlusion e. Depth of focus f. Cast shadows g. Depth-from-eye accommodation h. Eye convergence i. Stereoscopic depth 44. Depth cues 2 (1 p.) What is the name of the depth cue based on the way we perceive depth from a small difference in the image received from each eye? a. Linear perspective b. Texture gradient c. Size gradient d. Occlusion e. Depth of focus f. Cast shadows g. Depth-from-eye accommodation h. Eye convergence i. Stereoscopic depth

17 45. Depth cues 3 (1 p.) What is the name of that depth cue that is based on the principle that objects of known size (like cars, for instance) occupy a lesser area of the field of view the farther away they are? a. Linear perspective b. Texture gradient c. Size gradient d. Occlusion e. Depth of focus f. Cast shadows g. Depth-from-eye accommodation h. Eye convergence i. Stereoscopic depth 46. The dual-coding theory (1 p.) The Canadian psychologist Allan Paivio came in 1987 up with the so called dual-coding theory. He there talks about two fundamentally different types of information in the working memory. What are the names Paivio gave these two types of information? 47. Object recognition (1 p.) In a theory proposed by Biedermann 1992 the human object recognition mechanism builds on the brain's ability to recognize 3D primitives. These primitives have given the name to the theory. What name is that?

18 48. Object recognition (1 p.) What makes an object easy to recognize according to structure-based object recognition? a: Texture b: Color c: Shadow d: Silhouette e: Luminance 49. Recommended number of colors (1 p.) What is the absolute maximum number of colors Ware recommends when using color codes as labels? a. 1-3 b. 4-6 c d. 12 e. About one thousand f. About one million 50. Priming (1 p.) What is priming? a. Makes it easier to recognize something you have seen before, without actually remembering it. b. Being able to recognize something you have never seen before. c. The process the brain goes through when trying to memorize something. Essay section (20 p.) Analyse the visualisation in the enclosed article on the next page (will be in English). What is good about it and what could be improved? Write a short (max one A4) essay and relate to Ware s principles and guidelines.

19 12 NYHETER SvD Näringsliv lördag 12 november 2011 SPECIAL SKIDSÄSONG UPPÅT I BACKEN Skidsäsongen närmar sig och de svenska anläggningarna har investerat stort i nya liftsystem, restauranger och boende för att locka fler skidsugna till sina orter. Efter fjolårets tillbakagång tror skidanläggningarna, trots oron i ekonomin, på stark tillväxt i år. Skidbranschen räds ingen kris 80 procent av den totala omsättningen står de största svenska skidanläggningarna för. De ligger i Dalarna och Jämtland/ Härjedalen. Den största konkurrensen för skidorterna är solsemestrar utomlands, enligt Slao. 3miljoner svenskar väntas åka utför på sin semester kommande säsong. En knapp miljard har de svenska skidanläggningarna investerat för att förbättra upplevelsen av svensk fjällvistelse för säsongens gäster. Årets sena påsk drog ned förra säsongens försäljning med 4 procent jämfört med föregående år, vilket gör det än vik tigare att vara på offensiven. De svenska skidanläggningarna har tack vare kontinuerlig utbyggnad för 5 miljarder kronor de senaste fyra åren ökat omsättningen med 10 procent varje år, enligt Hans Gerremo, vd för Svenska liftanläggningars organisation, Slao. Vi jobbar i en upplevelsebransch och det gäller att behålla våra stamgäster och se till att de upplever att skidåkningen blir bättre, säger han. Fördelningen sker normalt genom att en tredjedel går till förbättring av skidupplevelsen i form av snökanoner, liftar och nedfarter, och resten till boende, restauranger och infrastruktur, och så även i år. Jämtland och Härjedalen är den region som med 333 miljoner kronor har investerat tyngst inför årets säsong. Men den mest besökta destinationen Åre har i år varit försiktig med utläggen. Främst har man satsat på kvällsskidåkning för familjer genom ett nytt ljussystem som ska lysa upp ytterligare meter nedfart och samtidigt ge åkarna en naturupplevelse, enligt Åre Skistars informationschef Linda Wasell. Man installerar även ny belysning för att kunna erbjuda kvällsarrangemang på plats. Ett helautomatiserat snökanonsystem och större skidskoleutbud med snowkite hör också till årets nyheter. Totalt uppgår investeringarna till 27 miljoner kronor. Vi har haft en bra trend de senaste veckorna med bättre bokningsresultat än föregående vinter så vi ser positivt på kommande säsong, och vi ser att intresset från utlandet är fortsatt positivt, säger Linda Wasell. Vemdalen, som också ägs av Skistar och som har vuxit kraftigt de senaste fem åren, har gjort investeringar på 225 miljoner kronor. Vemdalen omfattas av tre skidsystem och det största är satsningen på en ny sexstols expresslift i Vemdalsskalet, som har kostat 130 miljoner kronor. I samt liga system byggs även nya boenden, lokaler och restauranger, utbyggnader som innebär ytterligare 600 bäddar. Det har länge varit goda tider i branschen, när tillväxten finns blir det stora förändringar. Det är en nödvändighet för svenska små skidorter för att kunna tävla mot allt annat som finns i dag, säger Torgny Svensson, destinationschef på Skistar Vemdalen. Trots att det var motigt var Vemdalen en av de få anläggningar som inte tappade omsättning förra säsongen. Torgny Svensson tror att det blir tufft även i år. Jag tror att det blir betydligt bättre än i fjol eftersom påsken ligger tidigare, men vi kommer att ha svårigheter under julhelgen då julafton ligger på en lördag och folk behöver ta flera dagar ledigt för att kunna komma i väg. FOTO: SLAO M Vi är krisresistenta eftersom vi jobbar i en upplevelsebransch. Under finanskrisen gjorde vi vårt bästa försäljningsresultat, vi märkte inget alls. Hans Gerremo på Svenska liftanläggningars organisation, Slao. Branäs och Kungsberget gör stora investeringar på totalt 215 miljoner kronor. I Kungsberget byggs en ny skilodge som ska rymma 206 nya bäddar. Lägenhetshotellet är en del i en femårig satsning på att utöka Kungsberget från att vara en liten skidanläggning till att bli en ordentlig skidort för stockholmare. Kungsberget ska successivt byggas ut ytterligare de kommande åren. I Branäs byggs en ny, snabbare stollift och mer boende i form av stugor med 400 bäddar. Ett nytt informationscentrum och ett minitåg till och från backarna ska göra vistelsen bekvämare för turisterna. Vi ändrar inga pister, men vi gör förbättringar i snösystemet vilket är jätteviktigt eftersom vi ligger så långt söderut, säger marknadschef Anna-Karin Jeppsson. Idre Fjäll och Romme Alpin är ytterligare orter som har laddat rejält för att kunna ta emot fler gäster. Idre Fjäll har satsat 80 miljoner på att förbättra skidåkningen främst på ostsidan av fjället där två nya liftar, två sexstolsliftar samt en knapplift har satts upp. Utbyggnad av snösystemet och en ny topprestaurang som invigs i mitten av december ingår i årets investeringar. Romme Alpin har ökat kapaciteten på sitt snösystem och byggt ut restauranger och serveringslokaler, samt en ny skidshop, som tillsammans har kostat 17 miljoner kronor. Att konjunkturen försämras och folk håller hårdare i plånboken tycks inte bekymra någon av de aktörer SvD Näringsliv har pratat med. Jag har varit med i 40 år och drivit skidanläggningar i 25. Vi är krisresistenta eftersom vi jobbar i en upplevelsebransch. Oavsett oro vill folk vara med vänner och familj, man vill göra någonting roligt. Under finanskrisen gjorde vi vårt bästa försäljningsresultat, vi märkte inget alls, säger Hans Gerremo på Slao. HANNA DUNÉR , hanna.duner@svd.se Skistars största ägare (i procent) 15,9 Erik Paulsson 15,0 Mats Paulsson 9,3 Öresund 4,7 Lima Besparingsskog 3,9 Per-Uno Sandberg 3,1 Lannebo Fonder 2,2 Fredrik Paulsson 2,1 Anita Paulsson 2,1 Swedbank Robur 2,0 Carnegie fonder 7 Snabba siffror om Skistar Skistars resultat för perioden 1 september augusti miljoner kronor (334) blev resultatet efter skatt, varav 147 miljoner ( 133) avsåg kvartal miljoner kronor (1 688) blev nettoomsättningen, varav 36 miljoner kronor (22) avsåg kvartal 4. Skistars vd Mats Årjes. FOTO: B LARSSON ASK Enligt Skistars niomånadersrapport som kom den 6 oktober hade både omsättning och resultat minskat jämfört med föregående år. Det gäller även under det fjärde kvartalet för det brutna räkenskapsåret. Vid tidpunkten för rapporten var bokningsvolymen 5 procent lägre än året före. Enligt börsbolagets vd Mars Årjes ska Skistar öka sina marknadsaktiviteter för att driva på försäljningen inför kommande säsong. 2,1 miljoner svenskar åker skidor, enligt Slao. Av dessa väljer att åka i Norge, och på andra ställen som Alperna.

20 SvD Näringsliv lördag 12 november 2011 NYHETER 13 Liftomsättning, sju största bolagen/ägarna Miljoner kronor , Grönklitt Gruppen (Orsa grönklitt, Tänndalen) Kläppen Norrlandia (Stöten, Hassela) Romme Alpin Idre Fjäll Branäsgruppen (Branäs, Kungsberget) 589 Skidanläggningar på offensiven Svenska skidanläggningar satsar sig ur förra årets tillbakagång. Inte minst giganten Skistar har investerat rejält inför vintern. Skistar (Lindvallen, Tandådalen-Hundfjället, Åre, Vemdalen, Hammarbybacken) Skistars börskurs Kronor per aktie Skidanläggningarnas investeringar Miljoner kronor Norrbotten Jämtland Övriga län Dalarna Gävleborg Värmland 17 Stockholm KÄLLA: SLAO, OMX GRAFIK: DAVID NYMAN FOTO: VICTOR LUNDBERG/SCANPIX