.+,,, Buck Axel. Buck Axel , - +, +

Transkript

1 92.+,,, / : Buck Axel + Buck Axel +,, - + +,,+ 0/1 **+/ +, +

2 J. Japan Association on Odor Environment Vol..+ No.,,*+* ,, - / / Buck Axel +,. 0 fmrifunctional magnetic resonance imaging : 1 +- Sobel +. +/* +0* * / 13.* / *

3 94.+,,, Sobel Dragon +/+. -, +* 1*. Barysz matrix r*/3. Wilson Stevenson +, Sobel,+.,+. 3, +/, /,. A B. A B A B + * +,

4 J. Japan Association on Odor Environment Vol..+ No.,,*+* 95, * +2 +3,* - mnemonic theory,,,,- HM -+,,+,.

5 96.+,,,,/ +,, - *,1 fmri,2,0 - +,, Wilson and Stevenson -, White,3

6 J. Japan Association on Odor Environment Vol..+ No.,,*+* 97 --, -,3 NO -- -, - /,. +* +/ * -+ -/ +* fmri -0 ++,* -1 -, fmri 0/.,***

7 98.+,,,,-. +,, -2,-3 3,,0,-2,.*,.+ : + :,**2,+, :,**2 - :,**3 Methods. Chem. Senses, --, , (,**2).,+ Shore,T.J.:,**3 p.. /,,, Stevenson, R.J. and Boakes, R.A. : A mnemonic the-. Yoshida, I. and Mori, K. : Odorant Category Profile Selectivity of Olfactory Cortex Neurons. J. Neurosci.,,1, 3+*/ 3++., (,**1). / Lei, H., Mooney, R. and Katz, L.C. : Synaptic Integration of Olfactory Information in Mouse Anterior Olfactory Nucleus. J. Neurosci.,,0, +,*,- +,*-,, (,**0). 0 Kadohisa, M. and Wilson, D.A. : Olfactory Cortical Adaptation Facilitates Detection of Odors Against Background. J. Neurophysiol., 3/, , (,**0). 1 Gottfried, J.A., Winston, J.S. and Dolan, R. J. : Dissociable Codes of Odor Quality and Odorant Structure in Human Piriform Cortex. Neuron,.3,.01.13, (,**0). 2 Calu, D. J., Roesch, M.R., Stalnaker, T.A. and Schoenbaum, G. : Associative Encoding in Posterior Piriform Cortex during Odor Discrimination and Reversal Learning. Cerebral Cortex, +1, +-., +-.3, (,**0). 3 Li, W., Luxenberg, E., Parrish, T. and Gottfried, J.A. : Learning to Smell the Roses : Experience-Dependent Neural Plasticity in Human Piriform and Orbitofrontal Cortices. Neuron, /,, +*31 ++*2, (,**0). +* Rabin, M. and Cain, W. : Odor recognition : Familiarity, identifiability and encoding consistency. J. Exp. Psychol. Learn. Mem. Cog., +*, -+0-,/, ( +32. ). ++ Haberly, L.B. : Parallel-distributed processing in olfactory cortex : new insights from morphological and physiological analysis of neuronal circuitry. Chem. Senses,,0, //+ /10, (,**+). +, Wilson, D.A. and Stevenson, R.J. : (,**0), Learning to Smell : olfactory perception from neurobiology to behavior. The Johns Hopkins University Press Baltimore. +- Yeshurun, Y., Lapid, H., Haddad, R., Gelstien, S., Arzi, A., Sela, L., Weisbrod, A., Khan, R. and Sobel, N. (ed. M. S. Gazzaniga) : (,**3), Olfaction : From percept to molecule. in The Cognitive Neurosciences. th edition. p -,+ -.,, MIT Press Massachusetts. +. Dravnieks, A. : ( +32/ ), Atlas of Odor Character Profiles (ASTM Data Series Publication), ASTM International West Conshohocken. +/ Travers, S.P. and Travers, J.B. (eds. G.G. Berntson and J.T. Cacioppo) : (,**3), Chemical Senses. in Handbook of Neuroscience for the Behavioral Sciences vol. +. p,01 -*/, John Wiley & Sons New Jersey. +0 :,**/ +1 Stevenson, R. J. : Perceptual learning with odors : Implications for psychological accounts of odor quality perception. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 2, 1*21+,, (,**+) +2 Mouret, A., Gheusi, G. Gabellec, M.-M., de Chaumont, F., Olivo-Marin, J.-C. and Lledo, P.-M. : Learning and Survival of Newly Generated Neurons : When Time Matters. J. Neurosci.,,2, ++/++ ++/+0, (,**2). +3 : fmri ,.,**-,* Kobayashi, T., Sakai, N., Kobayakawa, T., Akiyama, S., Toda, H. and Saito, S. : E# ects of Cognitive Factors on Perceived Odor Intensity in Adaptation/Habituation Processes : from, Di# erent Odor Presentation

8 J. Japan Association on Odor Environment Vol..+ No.,,*+* 99 ory of odor perception. Psychological Review, ++*, -.* memory. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., ++1*, -+2-,-, (,**3) -0., (,**-). -- Gottfried, J.A. and Wu, K.N. : Perceptual and neural,- Stevenson, R.J. (eds. S.F. Davis and W. Buskist) : pliability of odor objects. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., ++1*, -,. (,**2), Olfaction in,+ st Century Psychology A Reference --,, (,**3) Handbook. vol. +., p.,+0,,/, SAGE California. -. Wilson, D.A. : Rapid, experience-induced enhance-,. Reed, P. : Serial Position E# ects in Recognition Mem- ment in odorant discrimination by anterior piriform ory for Odors. J. Exp. Psychol. Learn. Mem. Cog.,,0,.++ cortex neurons. J. Neurophysiol., 3*, 0/ 1,, (,**-)..+,, (,***). -/ Djordjevic, J., Zatorre, R. J., Petrides, M. and Jones-,/ White, T., Hornung, D.E., Kurtz, D.B., Treisman, M. Gotman, M. : The mind s nose : e# ects of odor and visand Sheehe, P. : Verbal and perceptual components of ual imagery on odor detection. Psychol Sci +/ : , short-term memory for odors. Am. J. Psychol., +++,.++ (,**.).-., ( +332). -0 Bensafi, M., Sobel, N. and Khan, R.M. : Hedonic-,0 Cain, W.S. and Potts, B.C. : Switch and Bait : Probing Specific Activity in Piriform Cortex During Odor Imthe Discriminative Basis of Odor Identification via Rec- agery Mimics That During Odor Perception. J Neuroognition Memory. Chem. Senses,,+, -/.. ( +330). physiol, 32, -,/. -,0,, (,**1).,1 Spence, C., Kettenmann, B., Kobal, G. and McGlone, F. -1 Levy, L.M., Henkin, R.I., Lin, C.S., Hutter, A. and P. : Shared attentional resources for processing visual Schellinger, D. : Odor memory induces brain activation and chemosensory information. Q. J. Exp. Psychol., /. A, as measured by functional MRI. J Comput Assist Tomogr, 11/ 12-,(,**+),-,.21.32,( +333).,2 Plailly, J., Howard, J.D., Gitelman, D.R. and Gottfried, J. -2 Ward, J. : (,**2), The Frog who Croaked Blue : Sy- A. : Attention to Odor Modulates Thalamocortical Con- nesthesia and the Mixing of the Senses. Routledge nectivity in the Human Brain. J. Neurosci.,,2, /,/1 /,01, New York (,**2). -3 :,3 White, T.L. : A second look at the structure of human ,**3 olfactory memory. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., ++1*, --2-.,,.* Sakai, N., Takahashi, A., Kobayakawa, T., Yamauchi, (,**3) Y., Imada, S. and Saito, S. : Exploring human brain -* Herz, R.S. : A Naturalistic Analysis of Autobiographi- activities involved in the hedonic-evaluating process of cal Memories Triggered by Olfactory Visual and Audi- odors. 3,2/,3-,**1 tory Stimuli. Chem. Senses,,3,,+1,,. (,**.)..+ Katata, K., Sakai, N., Doi, K., Kawamitsu, H., Fujii, M., -+ Willander, J. and Larsson, M. : Smell your way back Sugiura, K. and Nibu, K. : Functional MRI of regional to childhood : Autobiographical odor memory. Psychom. brain responses to pleasant and unpleasant odors. Bull. Rev., +-,,.*,.., (,**0). Acta Oto-laryngologica, +,3, 2/ 3*, (,**3) -, Larrson, M. and Willander, J. : Autobiographical odor The e# ect of experience and learning on olfactory perception. Nobuyuki SAKAI Dept. Urban Life Studies, Kobe Shoin Women s University Abstract In this article, many psychological researches on olfaction, which published after a memorial paper by Buck and Axel ( +33+ ), were introduced. These new researches revealed that the human olfactory perception is di# erent from the combination of information from olfactory receptors, and that the human olfactory perception is a# ected by top-down processing from cognitive processes, such as memory, expectation, language and attention. This article aims to introduce these psychological researches on olfaction, and also to understand human olfactory perception from a point of studying odor environments. Key words : olfactory perception, coding, adaptation, odor memory, attention