Foder, alternativa system Anders.kiessling@slu.se
Ekologiskt, Social och ekonomisktuthålligt (SOU 2009:26) Begränsningar: 1. Förnybarenergi 2. Icke irreversibel lokal påverkan 3. En transparant närsaltsbudget i balans 4. Ett nettotillskott till människans livsmedelsförsöjrning
Landsbyggds departementet Jordbruksverket, Kansli för Vattenbruk Region Region Region VCO VCN VCV Näring Näring Näring NKfV (Nationellt Kompetenscentrum för Vattenbruk) SLU GU
Fiskodlingens miljöparadox Fodrets Ekologiskt Fotavtryck Produserar I Vatten Fisk är den effektivaste Protein omvandlaren av alla Produktions djur. 1. Ingen uppvärmning 2. Tyngdlös 3. Otalig avkomma Utsläpp
Alternative protein/oil sources Plant protein (t.ex. Soy, lupine, corn, rapeseed/canola) Plant oil ( < 50% to carnivorous fish) Single cell protein SCP Micro algae (protein and marine oil) Micro Fungi Insects (worms etc) By products/waste from wild fish By catches New marine feed sources fishing down the food web )
Plant protein ingredients Oil seeds, glutens, others Challenges: Human quality Sustainability: Water (irrigation), Monocultures, Artificial fertiliser Amino acid composition and uptake Palatability Ant nutritional factors (welfare, minerals etc) GMO
150 120 90 60 30 0 Global quantity of selected protein rich feedstuffs (2005) Soybean meal Rapeseed meal Sunflower Peas Maize gluten Fish meal Lupin FAO 2007 Million tonnes
Sluta närsalternas kretslopp : En nyckel för att uppnå uthållig fiskodling Anders.Kiessling@ SLU.se
www.aquabestproject.eu Formas Mikrober som framtidens foder för fisk och andra enkelmagade husdjur
Microfungi and Yeast Picture 1: Microfungi with cell content protoplasm (magnification approx 1000 x)
Microbes has high levels of RNA (10 15%) because high protein synthesis. Living cells metabolizing the N in RNA to: In mammals uric acid => kidney stones and gout RNA relay the information of DNA to the protein synthesis To water Fish => No problem. Evolved to eat microbes Picture courtesy of Matilda Olstorpe
Food Waste = water waste Recipient In Sweden alone Fish Consumer RFC 1 million ton food becomes waste annually Photo A.Kiessling 5% of that originates from the retailer level 30% of food becomes waste at consumer level 56 kg of food is thrown in the garbage per person and year.
Matavfall 1 kg (ts) Gödsel. Livsmedelsavfall 0,07 kg (vv) Microbmjöl 0,4 kg (ts) Biogas 1,3 MWh Fiskfoder 1 kg Fiskfoder Annan art Rens 0,36 kg (vv) Odlad fisk 0,9 kg Filé 0,54 kg
Protein composition 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 LT-fishmeal R.oryzae biomass BioProtein Microfungi AA profile; % of AA Alanine Arginine Aspartic acid Cysteine Glutamic acid Glycine Histidine Isoleucine Leucine Lysine Methionine Phenylalanine Proline Serine Threonine Tryptophan Tyrosine Valine Figure 1. Amino acid profiles of fishmeal, MB and Bioprotein (g/100 g AA).
Tilapia and Silver Carp: The closest we ever get to a herbivore in fish Both belong to the same food web Tilapia Most other species in aquaculture By Sergio Zimmermann
Photo A.Kiessling
Surplus Heat SSEC / Energy for Life Anders.Kiessling/Håkan.Sandin/Fredrik.Indebetou City has an energy need, still enormous amounts of heat < 60 o Cis lost as cooling or insufficient insulation. I.e. Surplus heat has become an economic and environmental cost. In Sweden it is estimated that this surplus heat equals 150 TWh = ¼ of Swedish energy use. In EU it is estimated that this low temperature heat loss equals 500 billions Euro.
0 0 0 2 5 C 2 5 C 70 80 C 70 80 C 25 C Production 25 C Production Why produce in the same water that transport the heat? Illustration A.Kiessling
Temp 30 C 20 C 20 C Tropiska Nordiska VV arter 10 C Laxfiskar Season 0 C www.aquabestproject.eu Illustration A.Kiessling
SSE C Swedish Surplus Energy Collaboration SLU, ESS, E.ON, City of Malmö, Oskarshamn Municipality BIC Baltic aquaculture Innovation Centre Oskarshamn NOVA
SSEC / Energy for Life Anders.Kiessling/Håkan.Sandin/Fredrik.Indebetou