Enerwoods. Världens primärenergianvändning 2007 ( 500 Exajoul)

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1 Enerwoods WP3: Strategic Analyzes and Optimization of Woody Biomass Energy Systems Leif Gustavsson Linnéuniversitetet Temadag Højproduktivt skovbrug for en bæredygtig fremtid 19 Juni 212 Världens primärenergianvändning 27 ( 5 Exajoul) Olja 34% Kol 26% Gas 21% Totalt fossilt 81% Bioenergi % Kärnkraft 6% Övrigt 3% Exa = 18 Källa: International Energy Agency, 29. Key World Energy Statistics 2 1

2 Fossil fuels in the EU Three typical applications EJ Transport Other Coal Gas Oil EJ Electricity and district heat EJ Housholds Mobile Large-scale stationary Small-scale stationary Eurostat data 3 Primary energy use in Sweden and the EU 29 Source: Eurostat, online database,

3 Example: Solid biomass (logging residues) replace fossil fuels in non-mobile plants A system analysis from forest area to local (8km), national (6km) and international (1km) end-users Functional unit is 1 MWh of delivered wood chips at the local, national and international end-users Data for forest residues based on experience in central Sweden 5 CO 2 -balans för skogsbränslesystem olika fossila bränslen ersätts i stationära anläggningar 12 CO2-balance (tonne C/ha) Natural gas Oil Coal Local National International Primary energy Source: Gustavsson and Eriksson 2 6 3

4 Gross electricity production in EU-27 Gross electricity production by fuel (TWh) Other fuels Renewables Nuclear Natural and derived gas Coal and lignite Oil 1.6% 19.6% 27.5% 23.1% 25.3% 2.9% Source: 7 Elsystemet Elproduktion i ett Europaperspektiv har ofta kolkondens som marginalel Förändrad elanvändning leder då till kraftigt förändrade koldioxidutsläpp Stort överskott av spillvärme (i Sverige är överskottet drygt 2 gånger större än leveranserna av fjärrvärme) Omfattande planerad utbyggnad av fossil kondenskraft i EU ( 15 MW) 8 4

5 Annual Swedish bioenergy use Twh Year Source: Swedish Energy Agency: Energy in Sweden 29, and Kortsiktsprognos 2 9 Energitillförsel i Sverige 28 TWh Oil and oil products % Residential, service etc. Nat. gas and town gas Coal and coke 27 42% Pulp and paper industry Biofuels, peat etc. 123 Pumped heat 5% Other industry Hydro power 69 26% Heat and power cogeneration* Nuclear power % Heat plants (Wind power) * Excluding industrial CHP Source: Energy in Sweden 29, Swedish Energy Agency (29); Energy supply the 4th quarter and the whole years 27 and 28, Statistics Sweden (29) 5

6 Tillförd energi i fjärrvärme Källa: Energimyndigheten. Energiläget Biomassa är en viktig men begränsad förnybar resurs som har många olika användningsområden Biodrivmedel Bioelektricitet Byggnadsuppvärmning Processvärme Papper Byggmaterial Hur kan vi använda biomassan för att få en stor specifik koldioxidminskning? 12 6

7 Minskad oljeanvändning och minskade CO 2 -utsläpp med 1 GJ skogsbiomassa Metanol via BLG ersätter diesel Biomass panna ersätter stor oljepanna Etanol ersätter diesel Metanol/DME ersätter diesel Syntetisk diesel ersätter diesel Bioel ersätter kolel Minskad oljeanvändning, GJ Trä- ersätter betongstomme Biokraftvärme ersätter elvärme Minskade CO 2 -utsläpp, kg El via BLG ersätter fossil el Joelsson, J. M. and L. Gustavsson (29). Reduction of CO 2 emission and oil dependency 13 with biomass-based polygeneration. Minskad oljeanvändning och minskade CO 2 -utsläpp med 1 GJ skogsbiomassa - Laddhybridbilar med bioel Plug-in hybrids with =47% bioelectricity replace hybrid cars =4% Methanol through BLG replaces diesel Biomass boiler replaces large oil boiler Ethanol Methanol/DME Synthetic diesel Electricity only Plug-in hybrids Oil use avoided, GJ.5. Biomass CHP replaces electric heating Electricity through BLG replaces fossil electricity Wood replaces concrete in constructions CO 2 avoided, kg Source: Joelsson and Gustavsson,

8 WP3 - Strategic analysis of woody biomass energy systems Participants: LNU, UEF Objective: Identify cost- and energy-efficient woody biomass energy systems with low GHG emissions. Optimize systems from a land-use perspective to maximize society s benefits in terms of energy services per unit of land subject to ecological and economic constraints. Based on WP1, WP2 and existing knowledge we perform analyses of bioenergy chains considering woody biomass use for low carbon transportation, power and heat production. 15 Project tasks WP3 Development of methodological frameworks to analyse the trade-offs between uses of fossil energy and forest bioenergy Literature review of mass, energy and greenhouse gas balance of forest bioenergy systems Analysing greenhouse gas balances of forest energy systems based on forest management systems with different productivity and for different energy end-users 16 8

9 Comparison of bioenergy and fossil energy systems Greenhouse gas emissions Source: Schlamadinger et al 17 Time-dependent modeling of bioenergy strategies Building up a transparent and time-dependent model to identify the timedependent pattern of emissions reductions for alternative bioenergy sources. Collecting and analyzing GHG balances (not only CO 2, if possible also CH 4 and N 2 O), primary energy input, and carbon savings year by year Biomass is split in living biomass dead plant material harvest products soil carbon (this is a problem!) High primary energy efficiency is crucial as biomass is limited (used in one application will reduce the amount available for other applications) 18 9

10 Time-dependent modeling of bioenergy strategies Bioenergy System Forest strategy on maximized harvest biomass Reference System Forest strategy on maximized carbon storage Forest land Arable land Forest land Arable land Keep original forest Traditional fertilization New strategy Etc Change of species spruce to poplar, etc Poplar Forest Etc Spruce Forest Etc Keep original forest Change of species spruce to beech, etc Beech Forest Etc Spruce Forest Etc Fossil energy system: we start with coal (oil and fossil gas) 19