RAISING THE RETURNS FROM R&D

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1 RAISING THE RETURNS FROM R&D Thomas Andersson November 24 IKED s areas of work include: Flagship publications Growth Policy issues in the Nordic countries, including: secretariat for Finance Ministers new economy project ; chairing innovation policy review in, action plan for a Norwegian Innovation Policy; Work on Commercialisation of University Research with Industry. Eastern Europe, the Baltics, Poland, Slovenia, Turkey towards competing in the Single Market ASEM-agenda, KBE in Asia, and ICT for development Dynamism in Latin American countries, from Chile to Cuba Regional Economic Cooperation; Cross-border Issues; Integration cross-border as in Öresund region World Competitiveness Proceedings: The Cluster Policies Whitebook ASEM Proceedings: Globalisation and ICT: The Role of Government, Private Sector and Civil Society in an Information Society for All Swedish Innovation Policy Review (IPE) Norwegian Policy Review: Towards a New Growth and Innovation Policy in The Baltic Countries and Poland: Towards effective policies for innovation and enterprise development in the Baltic Sea Region Handbook for Evaluation of Innovation Policy The Global Venture Capital Market and Challenges for individual countries

2 Shifting weights in the world economy 3 Percent of World GDP (PPP adjusted) USA EU * Data for Brunei not included in the aggregate of A.ASEM. Source: IMF World Economic Outlook (WEO) database JAPAN A.ASEM* CHINA GERMANY FRANCE High tech exports as share of total manufactured export 3 3 A.ASEM USA Per cent World EU Countries in Eastern Europe Russian Federation Source: UNCTAD Technology Indicators Database.

3 R&D expenditure in relation to GDP Per cent of GDP Source: OECD MSTI, 24 R&D expenditure in relation to GDP 21 Source: OECD MSTI, 24

4 Institute R&D in relation to total R&D expenditure 21 Percent of total R&D Norw ay Netherlands France Finland UK Sw eden Source: INNO & Technopolis "Benchmarking Technology R&D" 24 Scientific publications in internationally acknowledged journals 2 21 Number Number of publications per million population Percentage of world total Per cent 4% 3% 3% 2% 2% 1% 1% % % Switzerland Israel Finland UK Netherlands Source: National Science Indicators (NSI) database, 22 Canada USA Austria France Ireland Spain Japan Italy Korea China

5 Number of triadic patents (USA, EU, Japan) per million inhabitants Triadic patents per million inhabitants Switzerland Japan Finland USA Netherlands Israel France Austria UK Canada Source: OECD MSTI, Economic turnover generated by products that are new to firms 2 Percent Total Manufacturing Services Finland Spain Italy Source: Eurostat New Cronos database, 23 Portugal Austria France Netherlands Greece Luxembourg Iceland

6 3 Percent Economic turnover generated by products that are new to the market Total Manufacturing Services 1 1 Finland Portugal Italy Spain Source: Eurostat New Cronos database, 23 France Austria Greece Luxembourg Iceland Abandoning the linear model Increased intensity in linkages through ICT Supply: R&D Innovations Demand: Market Ideas tecnologies Researchers Entrepreneurs Customers Competitors Source: IKED

7 3 Percent Percentage of active population engaged in starting new firms Uganda Thailand Argentina Korea Brazil China Iceland Ireland Israel Hungary South Africa Poland Taiwan Croatia Russia Source: Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) 23 Lack of seed funding Public Gap Private Science Developm. Launching Expansion Established technology

8 Density Mapping of BITs Worldwide Number of BITs per country, January 23 1 to 3 31 to 6 61 to 9 > 91 High Application of Rule of Law Varies by Region (based on aggregation of surveys/polls *) Index of Rule of Law Application Low Index OECD East Asia Middle East South Asia Eastern Europe Latin America Sub- Saharan Africa Former Soviet Union Note: Regional Averages shown for discussion purposes, and hide large intra-regional variation in each case. Thin vertical line reflects estimated margin of error. Source: Kaufmann, Kraay and Zoido-Lobaton (1999). "Aggregating Governance Indicators" and "Governance Matters" PWRP 219 and

9 On Innovation Scientific basis - Academic credentials and openness - Critical mass, rigidity, niche players, Diffusion structure - Competence centres and industrial institutes - Professional services Industry-related features - R&D-intensity and linkages through internationalised business - SMEs, competence issues - Organisations versus individuals - Risk-reward ratio