Peter Watcyn-Jones Grammar Passport 2 Allt-i-ett basgrammatik steg 3 4
Studentlitteratur Skola och vuxenutbildning Box 141 221 00 LUND Besöksadress: Åkergränden 1 Tfn 046-31 20 00 www.studentlitteratur.se Illustrationer av Ingrid Fröhlich s. 41, 59 av Graham Kennedy Kopieringsförbud Detta verk är skyddat av lagen om upphovsrätt. Vid tillämpning av skolkopieringsavtalet (även kallat BONUSavtalet) är detta verk att se som ett engångsmaterial. Engångsmaterial får enligt avtalet över huvud taget inte kopieras för undervisnings ändamål. Till eleven To the student Grammar Passport 2 är det andra av två häften, som tillsammans täcker all den engelska grammatik du behöver under grundskoletiden. Häftet behandlar 31 grammatiska moment. Varje moment förklaras, på svenska och engelska och följs av en eller fler övningar. Facit till varje övning finns i högermarginalen på nästa sida. När du har gjort övningen färdig viker du högerkanten bakåt/under för att se facit och kolla dina svar. Fyra självtest Test Yourself finns i häftet med lämpliga mellanrum. Läraren har även Grammar Passport 2 Tests and Games, med bl.a. diagnos, slutlig Passport Test och ett antal grammar games som ska göra grammatikstudierna liite roligare. Lycka till! Peter Watcyn-Jones P.S. Glöm inte att logga ditt arbete på baksidan av häftet! D.S. Välkommen till Grammar Passport 2! Hela häftet är på 80 sidor (se innehållet, s. 3). I detta smakprov finns några av de 38 uppslagen samt loggsidan, s. 80. Obs! att facit till resp. avsnitt finns i högerspalten på följande sida högerfliken viks undan för att visa aktuellt facit. I lärarmaterialet Grammar Passport Test and Games 2 finns diagnos, etapprov och sluttest, förutom ett antal Grammar Games. Kopiering för undervisningsändamål av denna bok är således helt förbjuden. Utan tillåtelse av förlaget kommer kopiering utöver avtalet att innebära otillåtet mångfaldigande. Ett sådant intrång medför straffansvar och kommer att ge upphov till skadeståndsskyldighet enligt 53 och 54 lag (1960:729) om upphovsrätt till litterära och konstnärliga verk. Denna trycksak är miljöanpassad, både när det gäller papper och tryckprocess. Art.nr 32584 ISBN 978-91-44-01179-0 2008 Författaren och Studentlitteratur AB Upplaga 1:1 Printed by Pozkal, Poland 2008 Grammar Passport 1 is the second of two booklets that together contain all the grammar you need for grundskolan. There are 31 sections. Each starts with an explanation, in Swedish and English, followed by one or more exercises. The key for each exercise is in the right-hand margin of the next page. So when you have done the exercise, fold the edge back under to see the key and check your answers. There are four tests to do yourself, at various stages. The teacher has the companion booklet Grammar Passport 2 Tests and Games with further tests, including an opening diagnostic test and a final Passport test, plus Grammar Games to make learning grammar more fun. Good luck! Peter Watcyn-Jones P.S. Don t forget to log your work on the back page of the booklet. 2
Innehåll Contents 1 Hur mycket kan du redan? How much do you already know? 4 2 The eller ( )? 1 The or ( )? 1 6 3 The eller ( )? 2 The or ( ) 2 8 4 A, an, the eller ( )? A, an, the or? 10 5 Räknebara/oräknebara substantiv Countable/uncountable nouns 12 6 How much eller How many? How much or How many? 14 7 Some eller Any? Some or Any? 16 8 Ordningstal Ordinal numbers 18 Test Yourself A Sections 2 8 20 9 Adjektiv eller adverb? Adjective or Adverb? 22 10 Sättsadverb Adverbs of manner 24 11 Tidsadverb Adverbs of frequency 26 12 Enkel eller pågående presens? Present simple or present continuous? 28 13 Frågor i presens Present tenses: Asking questions 30 Test Yourself B Sections 9 13 32 14 Imperfekt, regelbundna verb Past simple, regular verbs 36 15 Imperfekt, oregelbundna verb Past simple, irregular verbs 38 16 Pågående imperfekt Past continuous 40 17 Imperfekt eller pågående imperfekt? Past simple or past continuous? 42 18 Frågor i förfluten tid Past tenses: Asking questions 44 19 Perfekt 1 former Perfect 1 forms 46 20 For, since, ago For, since, ago 48 21 Perfekt 2 användning Perfect 2 Use 50 22 Frågor i perfekt Perfect Asking questions 52 Test Yourself C Sections 14 22 54 23 Futurum med going to Future: Be going to 58 24 Futurum med will och shall Future: Will and Shall 60 25 Will och won t Will and Won t? 62 26 Frågor i futurum Future: Asking questions 64 27 Modala hjälpverb 1 Modal verbs 1 66 28 Modala hjälpverb 2 Modal verbs 2 68 29 Ja/Nej -frågor och korta svar Yes/No questions and short answers 70 30 Rumsprepositioner Prepositions of place 72 31 Tidsprepositioner Prepositions of time 74 Test Yourself D Sections 23 31 76 Oregelbundna verb Checkista Irregular verbs Checklist 78
5 Räknebara/oräknebara substantiv Countable/uncountable nouns Vissa substantiv kan räknas en buss, flera bussar; andra inte en mjölk, flera mjölk. Some nouns can be counted one bus, several buses; some can t one milk, several milks. Räknebara i både svenskan och engelskan Countable both in Swedish and English a soldier, twenty soldiers en soldat, tjugo soldater an island, a group of islands en ö, en grupp öar one person, three people en person, tre personer one kilometer, ten kilometres en kilometer, tio kilometer Oräknebara i både svenskan och engelskan Uncountable both in Swedish and English butter smör some butter lite smör cotton bomull made of cotton gjort av bomull electricity el(ekricitet) use a lot of electricity drar mycket el/ström ice is some ice? lite is? meat kött too much meat för mycket kött petrol bensin not enough petrol för lite bensin rain regn more rain than sunshine mer regn än solsken water vatten drink lots of water dricka mycket vatten Räknebara i svenskan men inte i engelskan Countable in Swedish but not in English news nyhet ( ) good news en bra nyhet weather väder ( ) terrible weather ett fruktansvärt väder progress framsteg ( ) great progress stora framsteg råd ett gott råd ( ) good advice goda råd furniture möbel, möbler our new furniture våra nya möbler homework läxa, läxor too much homework för många läxor information upplysningar look for information söka upplysningar luggage bagage how many pieces of luggage? hur många bagage? money pengar where is my money? var är mina pengar? bread bröd some bread/a loaf of bread ett bröd Ibland räknebara, ibland inte Sometimes countable, sometimes not u n c o u n ta b l e c o u n ta b l e a kilo of coffee ett kilo kaffe Two coffees, please. Två kaffe, tack. a packet of tea ett paket te A tea and two coffees, please. En te och två kaffe, tack. Några uttryck att använda med oräknebara Some phrases to use with uncountables a glass of beer, a bottle of milk, a bucket of water, a can of cola, a cup of tea, a loaf of bread, a jar of marmalade, a spoonful of sugar, a piece of advice, a piece of furniture, a piece of luggage, a slice of cheese 412
Vik fliken bakåt! A Skriv C (räknebart) eller U (oräknebart) framför varje substantiv. Put C (countable) or U (uncountable) before each noun. advice doctor money sugar apple furniture news table bread holiday office tea car homework park television cigarette hour petrol toast cheese house rain water coffee information salt wood (ved) cup milk skirt yoghurt B Sätt in a/an vid räknabara substantiv i singular och some vid oräknebara. Put a/an with singular countable nouns and some with uncountables. 1 Would you like some milk? No, thank you. I d prefer a glass of water. 2 Good morning. I d like information about trains to Birmingham. 3 I need money to buy new mp3 player. 4 I had egg and yoghurt for breakfast today. 5 My sister has apartment in New York near subway station. Key to page 11 1 the 2 an 3 a the 4 the the 5 the 6 a 7 the the ( AmE) 8 an 9 a 10 11 the 12 the a 13 a the 14 an the 15 16 an 17 the 18 The the 19 The the the 20 the a 6 Put wood on the fire, please. 7 We need furniture for the bedroom. We only have bed at the moment. 8 I ve just heard good news. My daughter has had baby, so now I m grandmother! 9 Put salt on the potatoes. 10 Our teacher gave us homework tonight. It was very hard and took me hour to do it. Your daughter is making excellent progress. That is good news! 13 5
6 How much eller How Many? How much or How many? Använd How much och how many om kvantitet resp. antal. Use How much and How many about numbers and quantity. How much + oräknebara substantiv How much + English uncountable nouns. How much money have you got? Hur mycket pengar har du? How much homework did you get last night? Hur mycket/hur många läxor fick ni igår? How much petrol have we got? Hur mycket bensin har vi? How much sugar do you take in your tea? Hur mycket socker tar du i teet? How many + räknebara substantiv i plural How many + English countable nouns in the plural. How many people were there at the match? Hur mycket folk var där på matchen? How many goals did England score? Hur många mål gjorde England? How many pence are there in a pound? Hur många pence är det i ett pund? How many moons has Jupiter? Mur många månar har Jupiter? How much luggage have you got, sir? Well, how many suitcases can I take? 14 6
Vik fliken bakåt! Komplettera med much eller many. Fill in much or many. 1 A: How many people were at Emma s party? B: About thirty. 2 A: How films do you usually watch every month? B: I m not sure. About two or three. 3 A: How money have you got? B: Not. Only about 3. 4 A: How sugar do you take? B: One spoonful with tea and two with coffee. 5 A: How cats has Helen got? B: Five, I think. 6 A: How luggage have you got? B: Just one suitcase. 7 A: How children has Cathy got? B: Three. Two boys and a girl. 8 A: How pence are there in a pound? B: A hundred. 9 A: Have we got any petrol left? B: No, not 10 A: Do you have free tables at the restaurant for tonight? B: No, not 11 A: How homework have we got tonight? B: Oh, too! 12 A: How cigarettes does he smoke? B: About five a day. 13 A: How times did you phone your parents last weekend? B: Not. Twice, I think. 14 A: How toast do you want? B: Just one piece, please. 15 A: How books do you read a year? B: About ten. 16 A: How cheese have we got left? B: Not. Key to page 13 A U advice C apple U bread C car C cigarette U cheese U/C coffee C cup C doctor U furniture C holiday U homework C hour C house U information U milk U money U news C office C park U petrol U rain U salt C skirt U sugar C table U/C tea C television U toast U water U wood U yoghurt B 1 some a 2 some 3 some a 4 an some 5 an a 6 some 7 some a 8 some a a 9 some 10 some an 15 7
13 Frågor i presens (Is...? Are...? Do...? Does...?) Present tenses: Asking questions Verbet be The verb to be s i n g u l a r p l u r a l Am I ready? Är jag klar? Are we ready? Är vi klara? Are you ready? Är du klar Are you ready? Är ni klara? Is he/she/it ready? Är han/hon/den klar? Are they ready? Är de klara? Enkel presens The Present Simple s i n g u l a r p l u r a l Do I know? Vet jag? Do we know? Vet vi? Do you know? Vet du? Do you know? Vet ni? Does he/she/it know? Vet han/hon/den? Do they know? Vet de? Pågående presens (-ingform) The Present Continuous s i n g u l a r p l u r a l Am I dreaming? Drömmer jag? Are we dreaming? Drömmer vi? Are you dreaming? Drömmer du? Are you dreaming? Drömmer ni? Is he/she/it dreaming? Drömmer han/hon/den? Are they dreaming? Drömmer de? Is it still snowing? I don t know. Your turn to go out and see. your turn din tur 30 8
Vik fliken bakåt! Fyll i am, is, are, do eller does. Fill in am, is, are, do or does. 1 Is Simon still learning Spanish? 2 your parents very old? 3 it snow a lot in Scotland? 4 you like pop music? 5 Mary still go out with Brian? 6 it the 15th today? 7 it still snowing? 8 we late? 9 Danish people celebrate (fira) Midsummer? 10 Tom and Brian coming to the party? 11 your parents come from Iraq? 12 Peter know you re meeting the gang tonight? Key to page 29 1 c 2 a 3 c 4 b 5 b 6 c 7 a 8 d 9 a 10 c 11 b 12 c 13 b 14 a 15 d 16 b 17 d 13 Diana still living London? 14 there any high mountains in the north of Sweden? 15 Edinburgh the capital of Scotland? 16 it getting colder now? 17 you know Tom s email address? 18 England still winning 2-1? 19 Jackie come from Ireland? 20 the phone ringing? 21 I early? 22 your mother know where you are? 23 you still want to play tennis tomorrow afternoon? 24 your English teacher give you a lot of homework? 25 I disturbing you? 31 9
20 For, since, ago For, since, ago Använd perfekt + for eller since om en tidsperiod från det förflutna till nu. Use the Perfect with for or since about a period of time from the past until now. I have lived here for three years. Jag har bott här i tre år. I haven t seen Tom since Tuesday. Jag har inte sett Tom sedan i tisdags. For om en viss tidsperiod For a given period of time for two days i/på två dagar for ten years i/på tio år for three weeks i/på tre veckor for a long time på länge for six months i/på sex månader for ages i/på åratal, på jättelänge Since hänvisar tillbaka till en bestämd tidpunkt Since refers back to a point in time since Monday sedan i måndags since the weekend sedan i helgen since last week sedan förra veckan since I left school sedan jag slutade skolan since the summer sedan i somras since my brother s wedding sedan min brors bröllop since breakfast sedan frukost since yesterday morning sedan igår morse Ago används inte med perfektformen, endast med imperfekt. Ago is not used with the Perfect, only with with the Past. I started work three years ago. We got married two months ago. Jag började arbete för tre år sedan. Vi gifte oss för två månader sedan. OBS! Använd inte for och ago i samma uttryck. NB Do not use for and ago in the same phrase. We met in Spain 3 weeks ago. We were together for five wonderful days. But she hasn t called me since I got home. 48 10
Vik fliken bakåt! A Skriv en fras med for, since eller ago efter varje. Några kan få både for och ago. Write a phrases with for, since or ago after each one. Some can be used with either ago or for. 1 10th Dec. since 10th december 2 1990 since 1990 3 a long time for a long time; a long time ago 4 a week 5 ages ( åratal ) 6 breakfast 7 Easter (Påsk) 8 ever and ever 9 four months 10 July 11 last weekend 12 my birthday 13 nearly a year 14 six days 15 thirty years 16 Thursday 17 today at 9.30 18 two minutes 19 three hours 20 we left school Key to page 47 1 c 2 i 3 l 4 n 5 j 6 d 7 f 8 a 9 m 10 k 11 g 12 o 13 b 14 e 15 h B Fyll i for, since eller ago. Fill in for, since or ago. 1 I last met Margaret a year and a half. 2 Christmas, we ve had lots of snow. 3 My boyfriend stopped smoking two weeks. 4 Two years I was in New Zealand six months. 5 Julie and Brian haven t spoken to each other they quarrelled two weeks. 6 How s your sister? I haven t seen her a long time. 7 I haven t eaten nearly four hours breakfast, in fact. 8 The weather s been really bad January the worst weather years. 49 11
24 Futurum: Will och shall Future: Will and shall Använd futurum med will Use the future with will Om faktauppgifter i framtiden och om det man tror eller hoppas About future facts and things you think or hope will happen Simon will be fifty next week. One day people will live on the moon. I hope she will like her present. I think they will be here at about seven o clock. Will Sweden ever win the World Cup? Will you be thirty this year or next year? Simon fyller femtio nästa vecka. En dag kommer människor att bo på månen. Jag hoppas hon tycker om sin present. Jag tror de är här vid sjutiden. Kommer Sverige någonsin att vinna VM? Fyller du trettio i år eller nästa år? Om det man bestämmer i den stund man säger det (inte något planerat) When you make a decision to do something at the time of speaking. (Not something planned.) (The telephone rings) I ll answer it! Jag tar det! Does anyone want to go to the cinema tonight? Yes, I ll come. Ja, jag kommer (gärna). What would you like to drink? I ll have a cola, please. Jag tar (gärna) en cola, tack. Använd Shall I?, I ll Use Shall I? or I ll För att erbjuda någon hjälp To offer to do things for other people Shall I make you a nice cup of tea? Ska jag laga dig en god kopp te? Those bags must be heavy! Shall I help you carry them? Ska jag hjälpa till att bära dem? You look hungry. I ll make you something to eat. Jag lagar dig något att äta. För att föreslå To make suggestions Shall we go to the handball match on Sunday? Shall we catch a taxi to the station? Ska vi gå på hanbollsmatchen på söndag? Ska vi ta en taxi till stationen? Nurse: Congratulations, Mr Brown. What do you think? Proud father: I ll have the middle one, please. 6012
Vik fliken bakåt! A Fyll först i will or ll samt ett verb från rutan. Para sedan ihop 1 12 med a l. First fill in will or ll plus a verb from the box. Then match up 1 12 with a l. answer carry do drink go help meet post see send switch on take 1 What a lot of dirty plates! l a) Thank you. I you a postcard. 2 The phone s ringing! b) My brother it for you. 3 It s very cold in here. c) That s all right. David likes tea. He it. 4 Have a nice weekend! d) OK. We you at the station. 5 Have a nice holiday in e) Yes, it is. I Greece! on the heating. 6 My train arrives at 10.30. f) I m good at Maths. I you. 7 I d like to see the g) No problem. We manager. a taxi. 8 This homework is hard. h) I it. 9 What about this letter? i) Wait here, please. I and get her. 10 The car s being repaired. j) Thanks. I you on Monday. 11 I don t want this tea. k) I it on my way home. 12 My suitcase is so heavy! l) Don t worry. Paul and I will do the washing-up. Key to page 59 1 She s going to have a baby. 2 He s going to drop it. 3 It s going to die. 4 They re going to get married. 5 It s going to bite him. 6 It s going to melt. 7 He s going to score a goal. 8 She s going to win. 9 It s going to freeze. 10 She s going to fall. B Bilda erbjudanden eller förslag med shall. Make offers or suggestions with shall. 1? (we/go/chinese meal/tonight?) 2? (I/help/you/homework?) 3? (I/make/you/something/eat?) 4? (we/majorca/holidays/this year?) 5? (we/drive/station/or/catch/bus?) 6? (I/get/my father/tie/or/shirt/birthday?) 61 13
30 Rumsprepositioner (in, on, at) Prepositions of place Prepositioner kan inte översättas direkt. Engelska och svenska prepositioner stämmer ofta överens, men inte alltid. Prepositions cannot be translated directly. English and Swedish prepositions often correspond, but not always. In Om avgränsade utrymmen, t. ex. byggnader, rum och behållare With enclosed spaces e.g. buildings, rooms and containers My sister s in the bathroom washing her hair. Where s Tom? He s still in bed. She left her house keys in her car. How much money have you got in your wallet? James works in a hospital. He s a doctor. My father s in hospital. i badrummet i sängen i bilen i din plånbok på ett sjukhus på sjukhus (som patient) Om kontinenter, länder, städer och parker With continents, countries towns and parks New Guinea is in Asia, isn t it? Jenny and her boyfriend have a flat in Portugal. My parents live in Brighton. The children were playing in the park. i Asien i Portugal i Brighton i parken On Om ytor, t.ex. väggar, hyllor, golv Use on with surfaces e.g. walls, shelves, floors Please don t walk on the grass. på gräset He has a flat on the fourth floor. på femte våningen* There were some photographs hanging on the wall. på väggen Where s the teapot? It s on the top shelf. på överste hyllan Om linjer, t.ex. stig, kuster, Ekvatorn About lines e.g. paths, coasts, the Equator Equador lies on the Equator. My parents live on the south coast. på ekvatorn vid sydkusten At Om platser och byggnader när man inte har tänker inne i About places or a buildings when focus is not on the interior We waited for ages at the bus stop. Jill and Ken spent the evening at home. Paul is at university in Spain. Let s meet at the library. He met his wife at a party. There were lots people at the conference. Does this bus stop at the railway station? vid busshållplatsen hemma (studerar) på/vid universitet på/vid biblioteket på en fest på konferensen vid järnvägsstationen * I Storbritannien kallas 1:a vån ground floor, 2:a vån blir 1 st floor osv. 72 14
Vik fliken bakåt! Matcha ihop 1 16 med rätt fortsättning a p och fyll i den preposition som saknas. Match up 1 16 with the correct endings a p and fill in the missing prepositions. 1 I spend about eight hours a day l a) a restaurant. 2 Steve s parents b) bed. 3 It was so sunny that we had tea c) was the thirtyseventh floor. 4 I don t want to go out, d) a student university. 5 Trafalgar Square and e) the Buckingham Palace are conference. 6 She put the money f) so I ll stay home tonight. 7 Our hotel room g) the grass. 8 He met his wife when he was h) live Coventry. 9 Waiter! There s a fly i) the south coast of England. 10 My cousin s a waiter. He works j) stops Swindon. 11 We caught the bus k) her purse. 12 Brighton lies l) at work. 13 She s not awake. She s still m) my soup. 14 The train from London to Cardiff n) the garden. 15 The sign said: Don t walk o) London. 16 She gave a very interesting talk p) the bus stop. Yes on the west coast Now? in hospital! Key to page 71 1 Is Yes, it is. 2 Are No, there aren t. 3 Did Yes, he did. 4 Can No, they can t. 5 Was Yes, he was. 6 Does No, he doesn t. (Robin.) 7 Does Yes, it does. 8 Is Yes, it is. 9 Do No, they don t. (New Zealand.) 10 Were Yes, they were. 11 Was No, it wasn t. (2006) 12 Did No, they didn t. (Liverpool.) 13 Can/Does Yes, she can./yes, she does. (She was from Brazil.) 14 Is No, it isn t. (Belfast) 15 Do Yes, they do. (And Flemish.) 16 Are Yes, there are. 17 Were No, they weren t. 18 Are No, there aren t. (There are only 30 days.) 19 Was No he wasn t. (Russian) 20 Have/Has Yes, they have/it has. (June 1992.) 21 Must Yes, you must. 22 Has Yes, it has. (Last was Wilhelm II (1888-1918).) 73 15
Pricka av här! Logga ditt arbete Log your work 1 Hur mycket kan du redan? How much do you already know? 2 The eller ( )? 1 The or ( )? 1 3 The eller ( )? 2 The or ( ) 2 4 A, an, the eller ( )? A, an, the or? 5 Räknebara/oräknebara substantiv Countable/uncountable nouns 6 How much eller How many? How much or How many? 7 Some eller any? Some or any? 8 Ordningstal Ordinal numbers Test Yourself A* Datum: Poäng: 9 Adjektiv eller adverb? Adjective or adverb? 10 Sättsadverb Adverbs of manner 11 Frekvensadverb Adverbs of frequency 12 Enkel eller pågående presens? Present simple or present continuous? 13 Frågor i presens Present tenses: Asking questions Test Yourself B* Datum: Poäng 14 Imperfekt, regelbundna verb Past simple, regular verbs 15 Imperfekt, oregelbundna verb Past simple, irregular verbs 16 Pågående imperfekt Past continuous 17 Imperfekt eller pågående imperfekt? Past simple or past continuous? 18 Frågor i förfluten tid Past tenses: Asking questions 19 Perfekt 1 former Perfect 1 forms 20 For, since, ago For, since, ago 21 Perfekt 2 användning Perfect 2 use 22 Frågor i perfekt Perfect: Asking questions Test Yourself C* Datum: Poäng 23 Futurum: Going to Future: Be going to 24 Futurum: Will och shall Future: Will and shall 25 Will och won t Will and won t 26 Frågor i futurum Future: Asking questions 27 Modala hjälpverb 1 Modal verbs 1 28 Modala hjälpverb 2 Modal verbs 2 29 Ja/Nej -frågor och korta svar Yes/No questions and short answers 30 Rumsprepositioner Prepositions of place 31 Tidsprepositioner Prepositions of time * Tips testa dig flera gånger! Test Yourself D* Datum: Poäng: Studentlitteratur Skola och vuxenutbildning Box 141 221 00 Lund 046-31 20 00 www.studentlittartur.se Art. nr 32584 Avser 10-pack