Photo: Hans Lundqvist Genetics in management of the Baltic salmon and sea trout Johan Östergren Institute of Freshwater Research SLU-Aqua, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Acknowledgements Hans Lundqvist, SLU Jan Nilsson, SLU
Life history of salmon and sea trout Spawning Hatching and rearing Spawning migration Important Smolt and kelt downstream migration Homing & straying Local adaptation Genetic structure & genetic diversity (modified from Lundqvist, 1983) Feeding at sea
Salmon Säisä et al (2005) CJFAS
Sea trout Östergren et al 2011, submitted CG
Isolation by distance in Baltic sea trout All Wild (solid line) hatchery (dotted line)
How can the information be used in management? ICES, 2011
Genetic assignment: Who? When? Where? Mixed Stock Analysis, MSA (Mixed fishery analysis) Från: Utter & Ryman (1993)
Stock assignment 1 2 3 4 5 6 2% 7% 7% 10% 54% 20%
Proportion stam 0,8 0,7 0,6 0,5 0,4 0,3 Stock assignment Bjuren 2004-2009 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 0,2 0,1 0,0
Number Number Individual assignment Bjuren 5 4 2005 3 2 Kalixälven Vindelälven 1 0 130 150 170 190 210 Julian day 5 4 2004 3 2 Kalixälven Vindelälven 1 0 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 Julian day
Sea trout Bjuren Obbola Stock assignment Skellefteälven Sävarån Torneälven Kalixälven Luleälven Piteälven Skellefteälven Sävarån Ume- Vindelälven Öreälven Ångermanälven Indalsälven Ljungan Ljusnan Dalälven Torneälven Kalixälven Luleälven Piteälven Skellefteälven Sävarån Ume- Vindelälven Öreälven Ångermanälven Indalsälven Ljungan Ljusnan Dalälven
Baseline sample Sea trout Sikån Piteälven Sea trout Varjisån Stockforsälven Hundforsen Storforsen 8 loci with 6 alleles, baseline n=28 60/sample F ST among baseline samples: Piteälven Sikån Hundforsen Varjisån Piteå Hundforsen 0.179 Varjisån 0.062 0.131 015 30 km 0 15 30 km Stockforsälven 0.102 0.159 0.065
Baseline sample Sea trout Sikån n=7 Correct Incorrect Rejected Piteälven Radio-tagged n=27 Varjisån n=8 Individual assignment Stockforsälven Hundforsen n=2 Storforsen Vistån Sikfors, tagging location Piteå 015 30 km 0 15 30 km
Km Storforsen Piteälven Km 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Storforsen 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Date Date
Distance (km) Genetics and migration 150 100 50 0 150 170 190 210 230 250 270 Opening for fishing TagDay
Baseline sample Sea trout Vindelälven Ammarnäs Laisälven Radio-tagged n=36 Krokforsen Renforsen Vindelälven Umeälven Sample Laisälven Krokforsen Krokforsen 0.043 Norrfors, tagging Renforsen 0 0.048 30 60 km location 0.069 Umeå
Baseline sample Sea trout Correct Incorrect Rejected Vindelälven Ammarnäs Laisälven n=12 Radio-tagged n=36 Krokforsen n=3 Renforsen n=15 Umeälven 0 30 60 km Norrfors, tagging location Umeå
Baseline sample Sea trout Correct Incorrect Rejected Vindelälven Ammarnäs Laisälven n=12 Radio-tagged n=36 13% n=125 000 Krokforsen n=3 % stocked sea trout (years 1936-2003) 45% n=450 000 5% Renforsen n=15 5% Umeälven 0 30 60 km Norrfors, tagging location Umeå
Genetic studies in the river Sävarån Sea trout and salmon smolt Svarttiduforsen Brännbäckens backe Brännbäckens mynning!( Botsmark Gravån Ladänget Gravån Henriksfors Gärssjöbäcken Klappmarksbäcken!( Sävar Laxgårdsforsen Långforsen övre Smolt trap!( Umeå 0 5 10 20 km
Assignment test of smolt to tributaries and main stem in the R. Sävarån. Lokal Provtagningsår 2005 2006 2007 2008 Totalt % Gärssjöbäcken 5 4 6 2 17 9% Brännbäckens backe 1 1 4 2 8 4% Brännbäckens mynning 5 4 1 10 5% Klappmarksbäcken 15 3 25 22 65 34% Gravån Ladänget 1 4 4 3 12 6% Gravån Henriksfors 2 3 4 9 5% Laxgårdsforsen 1 7 3 4 15 8% Långforsen övre 6 3 1 10 5% Svarttiduforsen 1 2 1 4 2% Stenforsen 2 1 3 6 3% Umeälven 1 14 4 1 20 11% Öreälven 3 3 7 3 16 8% Totalt 30 51 64 47 192 100%
Stock proportion Stocking of salmon and sea trout in Sävarån >800.000 salmon- and 55.000 sea trout in 1989 2005. Salmon from Byskeälven and sea trout from Ume-/Vindelälven and Öreälven. Byskeälven 1 0.5 Byskeälven Vindelälven Umeälven 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 0 50 100 km Sävarån N Öreälven Umeå Nilsson, J., Östergren, J., Lundqvist, H. & Carlsson, U. 2008. Journal of Fish Biology Lundqvist et al. 2010. In: C. Hurford, M. Schneider & I. Cowx (eds.) Conservation monitoring in freshwater habitats - a practical guide and case studies.
Conclusions Spatial and temporal variation Method avaliable MSA, IA Stock level information already at hand Important for both salmon and sea trout Conservation and management Use in temporal and spatial regulations
Thanks for your attention!