Atle Rustadbakken TVÅ LÄNDER ÉN ELV (TLÉE) 2017-2020 Mitigating negative impacts on fish populations in regulated rivers. Experiences from river basin management and cross-border collaboration FIThydro workshop in Stockholm 4-5 June 2018
Hydropower installations in Hedmark county Norway produces in average (1981-2010) 136 TWh from 1648 hydropower installations per year. Hedmark produces in average (1981-2010) 2.7 TWh from 42 hydropower installations per year. In Norway 17 % of the hydropower installations generates 90 % of the power production In Hedmark 29 % of the hydropower installations generates 90 % of the power production Source: Vannkraftdatabase from www.nve.no
Dagens huvudsakliga lekområde Kraftverk LAX UTE I VÄNERN LEKVANDRANDE LAX (Klarälven) (#9) SMOLT (#8) YNGEL LEKANDE LAX (#1) ROM
Spawning migration today The landlocked salmon s historical spawning aereas in Norway are no longer available because of the Höljes dam (#9) Kraftverk About 30 km of the available water is today considered as running water suitable for spawning (#9) The spawners are transported upstream by truck and released upstram Edsforsen (#8) Spawners of salmon and trout are beeing caught in a trap below Forshaga (#1) (#8) (#1)
Major fishery for salmon at Sandkilfossen
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p508n83lorg Foto: Umeå flottningsförenings arkiv, Folkrörelsearkivet, Umeå.
Klarälven Sweden s latest and oldest long-lasting timber floating river (ca 1750 1991) At most in 1957 an timber amount equivalent to 27 000 trucks with trailers! Closed in 1991
Torsby Municipality, Värmland County Opening in 1962 Owned and operated by Fortum Embankment dam in Klarälven/Trysilelva Hydraulic head 88 m 2 Francis turbines Installed capacity 130 MW Annual generation 530 GWh Maximum capacity flow is 170 m3/s Höljes Hydroelectric Power Station
Hydropower in Klarälven Source: Fortum info
Source: Fortum info
Höljes dam Creates periodically a dry river reach in Klarälven between the dam and the tunnel outlet. River above dam converted to lake -> fish species composition totally changed
Most of the migrating smolt and kelt never reaches Vänern alive (#9) (#8) (#1)
Kumulativ vandringsframgång (%) Smolt survival (Salmon) 100% 80% 60% 2009*: 16% 2013**: 29% 40% 20% 150 km, 8 Krv 0% Kraftverk/sträcka * Norrgård et al. 2013, ** Bergman & Norrgård 2015 (inom Vänerlaxens Fria Gång )
Kumulativ vandringsframgång (%) Keltöverlevnad (lax) 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 70 km, 8 krv Edsforsen Skoga Krakerud Forshult Skymnäs Munkfors Deje Forshaga Kraftverk 1930: 10% 1960: 5% 2013/14*: 2% 2 % * Nyqvist et al. 2016 (inom Vänerlaxens Fria Gång )
The EU Water Framework Directive is a new tool in our toolbox. The Directive aims for 'good status' for all ground and surface waters (rivers, lakes, transitional waters, and coastal waters) in the EU. Good status = Good ecological status and + good chemical status OK NOT OK
Status Vann-nett per 29.8.2017 311-237-R Femundselva Galtsjøen - samløp Sølna Poor Klarälv salmon missing 311-330-R Femundselva Sølnas utløp - Elvbrua Poor Klarälv salmon missing 311-173-R Femundselva Elvbrua Sennsjøen Poor Klarälv salmon missing 311-178-R Trysilelva Sennsjøen Enger Poor Klarälv salmon missing 311-43-R Trysilelva Engerneset Jordet Poor Klarälv salmon missing 311-76-R Trysilelva Jordet Innbygda Poor Klarälv salmon missing 311-249-R Trysilelva Innbygda-Sagnfossen Poor Klarälv salmon missing 311-80-R Trysilelva lower part HMWB Poor Klarälv salmon missing
The goals for the Interreg project TLÉE 2017-2020 Övergripande syften Good ecological status enligt Ramdirektivet för vatten (2000/60/EG), favourable conservation status enligt Art- och habitatdirektivet (92/43/EEG), samt att fulfill the swedeish and norwegian envireonmental measures plans. Levande landsbygd (ökad och hållbar fisketurism i sjö och älv) (#9) Kraftverk 1. Ökning av lekbeståndet till 50 % av det beräknade lekbeståndsmålet. Konkret: Alla åtgärder som genomförs i projektet ska bidra till att lekbeståndet inom 5-10 år ökar från dagens ca 500-1000 vilda laxar till att 5-6000 leklaxar årligen fångas och transporteras från Forshaga till uppströms belägna lekområden. 2. Återetablering av lax på norsk sida 3. Att inleda åtgärder som bevarar och påbörjar återuppbyggnaden av övriga skyddsvärda arter och livsmiljöer i och längs älvdalen. 4. Etablera en avsiktsförklaring på hög politisk nivå mellan Norge och Sverige, som säkrar en enhetlig, varaktig och gränsöverskridande förvaltningspraxis av älvresursen. Detta för att på sikt möta vattendirektivets mål om god ekologisk status i vattendraget. (#8) (#1)
Hydropower installations Sagnfossen Lutufallet Höljes Forshaga Edsforsen Skoga Krakerud Forshult Skymnäs Munkfors Deje
WP 1 Increased catch and survival for the up- and downstream migrating fish at the hydropower installations, and environmental adaptes water flow control. WP-task 1:1. Increased catch (and transport) of salmon and trout at Forshaga power station. The power station/fish trap in Forshaga a bottleneck!
Lax-telemetri: Vänern Forshaga 2012 18% Mycket vatten i älven Mycket spillvatten
Laxtelemetri: Vänern Forshaga 2013 78% Lite vann i älven Lite spillvann
WP-task 1:2. Increased survival on downstream migrating fish at Edsforsens power station.
WP-task 1:3. High survival on downstream migrating fish at Sagnfossen and Lutufallets power stations in Norge. Sagnfossen power statin, the upermost power station in the system
α-avledare Norconsult 2017
Dubbel β-avledare Norconsult 2017
Inverterad dubbel β-avledare Norconsult 2017
Solutions excists! Salmon ladder in Clackamas River (USA)
WP-task 1:4. Environmental adapted water spill plan to reduce loss of biodiversity Figure 4.2 The building block methodology the construction of a flow regime for ecosystem maintenance by combining building blocks (Acreman, 2007).
WP 2 Biotope/habitat restauration, reintroduction and population monitoring. WP-task 2:1. Restore river biotopes impacted negatively by earlier timber floating. (ffa i huvudfåran Vingäng Höljes)
WP-task 2:2. Compensation stocking plan/program of salmon in the river and reintroduction of salmon with use of eggs, fry, smolts and/or adult Klärelvslaks (mainly in Norway).
WP-task 2:3. Monitoring of Salmon and Trout populations (telemetry, boat el.fishing, smolt traps mm).
WP 3 Genetics and cost/benefit analysis WP-task 3:1. Reduce genetic loss in the salmon and trout populations of Klarälven and Gullspångsälvens
WP-task 3:2. Cost/benefit analysis /Ecosystem services
Frågor? Spørsmål? Questions? atle.rustadbakken@fylkesmannen.no
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