Information Visualization 3. Color
Andreas Eklund & Martin Ohls
Kristin Edvardsen, Annika Ridington and Anya Ernest
Jakob Martinsköld, Michael Schade, Ludvig Arwidsson
Jakob Martinsköld, Michael Schade, Ludvig Arwidsson
Anton Malmquist Rostislav Raykov The average time for the regular game was 34.33s. The average time taken to play a game with the prototype was 48.33s. All 3 games using the prototype were a draw. When playing the regular format of the game 2 out the 3 games were won by one of the players
Daniel Gunnarsson and Viktor Swantesson
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Er Luo Robert Sebescen
John Luc and Xiaochen Zhang
Christian Fransson, Cyrill Averbeck, Daniel Kvarfordt
Busolini & Sakellis
Vincenzo De Caria Bahareh Sadeghi Arturo Santos Bermejo
David Schneller, Zhuo-Lin(Jolene) Qiqige
Alex Albu Foteini Bogiatzi Jenny Ivarsson
Julia Adamsson Ann Michélsen 30 to 50 seconds 5 to 15 seconds.
Gunnar Oledal Benjamin Lillandt Basharat Hasan
Rakkeboene outside Stavern on the Norwegian Sörlandet. Norska Sjökartverket chart no. 5 1981, Svenner Skien Jomfruland, 1:50.000. 18
Tidal level Draught Deapth Rakkeboene outside Stavern on the Norwegian Sörlandet. Norska Sjökartverket chart no. 5 1981, Svenner Skien Jomfruland, 1:50.000. 19
Simpvarps insegling norr om Oskarshamn. Sjöfartsverkets kort 624, Kråkelund Blå Jungfrun. Skala 1:50.000 20
No Go Area: 4,0 m 21
No Go Area: 4,5 m 22
No Go Area: 5,0 m 23
No Go Area: 5,5 m 24
No Go Area: 6,0 m 25
No Go Area: 6,5 m 26
No Go Area: 7,0 m 27
Surrounded Islands Biscayne Bay, Miami, Florida En konstinstallation av Christo och Jeanne-Claude, 1980-83 28
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The human can distingue 200 hues along the visible spectrum Gouras, P. (1992). Ways of Coloring: Comparative color vision as a case study for cognitive science. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Volume 15, Issue 01, March 1992 pp 37-37
The human can distingue 200 hues along the visible spectrum; if we mix in white and change intensity the number is > 1 million Gouras, P. (1992). Ways of Coloring: Comparative color vision as a case study for cognitive science. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Volume 15, Issue 01, March 1992 pp 37-37
L-cones (red) S-cones (Blue) M-cones (green) Cone mosaic in the fovea Throughout the whole retina the ratio of L- and M- cones to S-cones is about 100:1.
Bins synspektrum Goldstein, E.B. (2010) Sensation and Perception. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. p.224
Ware, Colin (2004) Information Visualization. Perception for design. Elsevier, London, p. 99
Vinden i seglet for smattrande in, och böljan kring stäven svallande hävdes och brusade starkt för det gående skeppet, och i en ilande fart på böljorna lopp det sin bana. - - - Natten gick hän och det grydde till dag, och de seglade ständigt Odysséen, 2a sången
Vinden i seglet for smattrande in, och böljan kring stäven svallande hävdes och brusade starkt för det gående skeppet, och i en ilande fart på böljorna lopp det sin bana. - - - Natten gick hän och det grydde till dag, och de seglade ständigt Odysséen, 2a sången
Chromatic aberration Ware, C. (2004). Information Visualization, Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, CA, p. xxi
Chromatic aberration Chromatic aberration Ware, C. (2004). Information Visualization, Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, CA, p. xxi
Young & Helmholtz Tricromatic theory (1802)
CMYK The subtractive color model
The additative color model
Color matching task 420 nm 500 nm 560 nm 640 nm
Hering Opponent-process theory (end of 1800 s)
The Natural Colour System (NCS) (Scandinavian Colour Institute)
The LAB color model
Power Point 2007 Photoshop CS3
HSB sliders Hue, saturation, blackness RGB sliders Red, green, blue LAB sliders Red, green, blue CMYK sliders Cyan, magenta, yellow, key
Status: Color coding
How many different color codes can you use?
Color for Labeling Unique hues: The unique hues red, green, yellow, and blue, as well as black and white are special in terms of the opponent process model. These colors are also special in the color vocabularies of languages worldwide. Clearly, these colors provide natural choices when a small set of color codes is required. In addition, work on color confusion suggests that no two colors should be chosen from the same category, even though they may be relatively far apart in color space. We should avoid using multiple shades of green as codes, for example.
Color for Labeling Contrast with background: In many displays, color-coded objects can be expected to appear on a variety of backgrounds. Simultaneous contrast with background colors can dramatically alter color appearance, making one color look like another. This is one reason why it is advisable to have only a small set of color codes.
Color for Labeling Contrast with background: A method for reducing contrast effects is to place a thin white or black border around the color-coded object. This device is commonly used with signal lights; for example, train signals are displayed on large black background discs. In addition, we should never display codes using purely chromatic differences with the background. There should be a significant luminance difference in addition to the color difference.
Color for Labeling Color blindness: Because there is a substantial color-blind population, it may be desirable to use colors that can be distinguished even by people who are color blind. Recall that the majority of color-blind people cannot distinguish colors that differ in a red green direction. Almost everyone can distinguish colors that vary in a yellow blue direction. Unfortunately, this drastically reduces the design choices that are available.
About 8 % of all men are blind to the difference between red and green http://www.vischeck.com/
Horisontal traffic lights in Austin, Texas
Förslag på utformning av kontrollpanel för styrning av slussar i Trollhättekanal
Protanope (another form of red/green color deficit) Rödblindhet, protanopi, en vanligen ärftlig form av färgblindhet med svårighet eller oförmåga att uppfatta rött. http://www.vischeck.com/
Color for Labeling Conventions: Color-coding conventions must sometimes be taken into account. Some common conventions are red = hot, red = danger, blue = cold, green = life, green = go. However, it is important to keep in mind that these conventions do not necessarily cross cultural borders. In China, for example, red means life and good fortune, and green means death.
Color for Labeling The following is a list of 12 colors recommended for use in coding. 1. Red 2. Green 3. Yellow 4. Blue 5. Black 6. White 7. Pink 8. Cyan 9. Gray 10. Orange 11. Brown 12. Purple
Dark adaptation is deferred by fatigue, smoking, lack of vitamin A, alcohol and old age Max dark adaptation 45 min.
Observation pattern in darkness Center of interest
Keeping dark adaptation on one eye
Global vs. local processing (response conflicts) The Stroop effect (Stroop, 1935) XCIBD WORP ZYP QLEFK SUWRG FVYT Stroop, J.R. (1935). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18, 643-662
Global vs. local processing (response conflicts) The Stroop effect (Stroop, 1935) RED YELLOW BLUE GREEN YELLOW RED Stroop, J.R. (1935). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18, 643-662
Global vs. local processing (response conflicts) The Stroop effect (Stroop, 1935) BLUE RED GREEN YELLOW RED GREEN Stroop, J.R. (1935). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18, 643-662
Color and luminosity constance
Adelson s Checker-shadow illusion.
Adelson s Checker-shadow illusion.
If the luminosity values is measured by converting the color image to a grayscale image the contrast between the darkest pixels in the text (41 % black) and background (36 % black) is only 1 : 1.1 (ISO readability standard recommends 1: 10, and minimum 1 : 3) Measuring the darkest pixels in the background (70 % black) and the lightest in the text (29 % black) gives us a 1 : 2.4 ratio, which almost reaches the ISO standard.
ISO-standard kontrastskillnad: Rekommenderad 1:10 Minimum 1:3
Det var en gång en blå spark som hade tröttnat på livet. I ett obevakat ögonblick gled den stillsamt ut genom grinden och nedför backen mot stora landsvägen
Det var en gång en blå spark som hade tröttnat på livet. I ett obevakat ögonblick gled den stillsamt ut genom grinden och nedför backen mot stora landsvägen
Det var en gång en blå spark som hade tröttnat på livet. I ett obevakat ögonblick gled den stillsamt ut genom grinden och nedför backen mot stora landsvägen
launch http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9mawciatwem
launch
launch
flight5
flight6
flight7
flight8
destruction
Joint Rotation Under Pressure
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