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12 Sustainable Development of Urban Underground Infrastructure Aims to meet human needs while preserving the environment so that these needs can be met not only in the present, but also for generations to come Brundtland Commission: "meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. For example energy efficiency and reduced carbon footprint

13 Important areas, but not limited Design, operation and maintenance Efficiency and logistics Water interaction with the underground facility Risk management

14 Matchmaking Näringslivets hus Stockholm

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16 Theme Geotechnology of the Swedish Universities of the Built Environment Call Geoinfra Loose Ideas from Chalmers HM- couplings in Characterization The significance of the Storage Coefficient in Rock Mechanics? Practice of Value of Information Analysis (VOIA) according to Eurocode (based on experiences from Lund, Luleå, KTH, Chalmers)??

17 Integration of Geoenergy in Infrastructure development - Heating- Cooling Systems - Use of Energy Piles -? -? Ingående rör för bärarväts ka Energipåle Utgåend e rör för bärarväts ka Borrpål e Armeringsbur Värmeväxlare fixerad i bur

18 For the Fractalians! The topographical features in many scales vs Rock Engineering - Why?? - How to model??? X m?

19 Detalj från Stockholms undre värld, litografi Roland Klang Legislation Confidential data Open access in Underground planning? vs Possibility for transparent EIA (Env. Impact Assessment)

20 Geoinfra, Avdelningen för Jord och Bergmekanik, KTH Utveckling av metodik för rationell utvärdering av geotekniska undersökningar -Statistisk databas -Multivariata analyser=>möjlighet att reducera modellfelen -Beysiansk statistik, Monte Carlo Simulering och Markov Chains FORMAS+TYRENS +TV Optimering av jordpackning med avseende på frekvensberoende och undergrundens beskaffenhet (m.a.p. styvhet och impedans) FORMAS+SBUF+Dynapac

21 Geoinfra, Avdelningen för Jord och Bergmekanik, KTH Dimensionering enligt Eurocode av bergmekaniska problem med tillförlitlighetsbaserade metoder. Uppskattning av fördelningsfunktion och osäkerheter baserat på fältmätningar FORMAS+BEFO Utveckling av observationsmetoden och RTGC (real time grouting concept) vid injektering i berg. Utveckling av prediktion och kontroll FORMAS+SBUF Styrning av injektering och brukskontroll av injektering i realtid FORMAS+SBUF

22 Skalövergripande betraktningssätt

23 Kärnfysik versus celest mekanik

24 -nanoskala [mm] (mineralegenskaper och korngränser, vittring) -mikroskala [cm] (mikrosprickor) -mesoskala [m] (struktur och bergart) -makroskala [km] (bergvolymen, förkastningar, bankningsplan)

25 När man i t ex berget övergår från nanoskala (kristallstruktur) till mikroskala så tillkommer en komplikation genom mikrosprickor. När man går från mikroskala till mesoskala så tillkommer spricksystem och förkastningar. När man går från mesoskala till makroskala så kommer själva bergmassans sammansättning in.

26 Att få en fysiskt sammanhängande konstitutiv modellskara för att beskriva denna skalresa är en utmaning med stor teknisk och ekonomisk betydelse. Metoder för att generalisera provningsresulta från en mindre till en större skala är angelägna, t ex från laboratoriemetoder till fältundersökningsmetoder.

27 Exemplifierande schema Konstruktionsberäkningar Miljöpåkänningar Nanoskala Mikroskala Mesoskala Makroskala [mm] [cm] [m] [km] Bearbetningsmetoder Provningsmetoder Hydrogeologi

28 Geophysical mapping of rock in 3D in urban environments Combination of different geophysical methods Combined interpretation of geophysical data and rock quality data Combination of surface and borehole geophysics Resistivity-IP with 3D approach Seismics with vibroseis as signal source Seismics with noise (e.g. trafic) as signal source

29 Mapping of waste deposits and contaminated ground Combination of different geophysical methods Combined interpretation of geophysical data and chemical data Combination of surface and borehole geophysics Resistivity-IP with 3D approach!!! Magnetic total field and susceptibility Electromagnetic methods?? Seismics??

30 Poster 71, P.-G. Alm et al. The value of preinvestigation methods

31 GeoInfra - Underground Constructions Planning phase Design phase Construction phase Operation and maintenance phase LCC perspective Minimizing environmental impact Core competences of : Div. of Mining and geotechnical Engineering Div. of Construction Engineering Div. of Operation and Maintenance Engineering Div. of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering Underground production and production simulation LCC, RAMS and maintenance analysis Automated equipment and processes Measurement While Drilling (MWD) Logging While Drilling (LWD) Tunnel design and reinforcement Blasting (SweBrec) Environmental impact of excavated material Handling of contaminated material and landfill stabilization Energy efficiency within underground construction In situ and laboratory measurements of rock properties

32 Project ideas: Planning phase Design phase Construction phase Operation and maintenance phase LCC perspective Minimizing environmental impact Virtual design, construction and operation of underground facilities Measuring rock mechanic properties and rock stress Excavated masses Modifiering av material för ökad användning av schaktmassor och mindre användbara material Klassificering och karaktärisering av schaktmassor mm för en ökad användning I närområde för att minska transporter och minska emmisioner Construction and reinforcement optimization using online process measurements (MWD /& LWD) Less geological over-break Detailed rock characterisation for future maintenance needs Better quality control of reinforcement Design and construction linkages Improved productivity Minimizing divergence between design and final tunnel Optimal adaptation to un-known rock conditions Environmental impact of material use Användning av industriella restprodukter i markbyggandet, hållbarhetspespektiv, användning för ökad hållbarhet, minskade transportbehov Energieffektivitet I markbyggande Hantering av förorenade material, deponering stabilisering, nyttogörande Miljöpåverkan av materialanvändning Påverkan av frysning och tining på geomaterial Materialhantering i samhället. LCC and Maintenance optimization analysis based on design and process monitoring data More efficient planning of maintenance activities Lower costs Higher safety

33 Virtual design, construction and operation of underground facilities - in a nutshell The big idea is to develop an integrated and virtual design and construction process that can visualize, analyze and simulate the performance of underground facilities to support: Communication and decision making in the design and planning phases (project & life cycle effectiveness) Optimization of underground construction operations in the building phase using on-line classification measurements such as MWD/LWD to adapt for unknown rock conditions. (project efficiency & life cycle effectiveness ) Optimization of facility maintenance operations during its life using monitoring data of critical systems(life cycle efficiency)

34 Research highlights (selected): Uppsala University Geophysics Program By: Alireza Malehmir Geophysical imaging at all scales (near-surface to deep), Swedish Seismological Network, Swedish Deep Drilling Program Infrastructures: State-of-the-art wireless seismic data acquisition system, Pool of various geophysical equipments, Geophysical logging tools + 20 Ph.D students Visit our website at: A recent evaluation by an international committee (KOF11): A world-leading program in Applied Geophysics Prepared for: GeoInfra meeting

35 ~ 800 m Site characterization Bedrock Bedrock Malehmir et al. (2012) Juhlin and Palm (1995) Reflection seismic data to characterize the position of spent nuclear fuel repository site at Forsmark Photo: Mats Engdahl (2006) Lilla Edet, clayrelated landslides

36 Research plan (short) GeoInfra: An unique opportunity for cross- and multidisciplinary research by both industry and academia Tools/methods for ultra high-resolution imaging and monitoring of the subsurface using surface geophysical methods especially in large cities, Tools/methods for imaging structures (e.g., fractures and faults) and their mechanical properties in details ahead of tunneling, Borehole geophysical methods for the estimation of mechanical properties of rocks/soils. water Sediment (clay) bedrock fracture zone? Marine EM, Lake Mälaren (Bastani et al., 2012; joint SGU+UU)

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