processindustrin Thore Berntsson

Transkript

1 Bioraffinaderier i processindustrin av Thore Berntsson

2 Relationer mellan CO2 utsläpp från bränslen per energienhet Kol 1,25 Olja 1 Naturgas 0,75 Biobränsle 0??

3 CHALMERS Bioraffinaderikoncept i Processindustrin Massa- och Papper - Svartlutsförgasning (import av biomassa som kompensation för svartluten)- el, DME - Biomassaförgasning - FT-diesel, Metanol, el - Ligninuttag - drivmedel, högvärdiga produkter (kolfiber) - Hemicellulosauttag l - etanol, furfural, f ättiksyra - Biomassafermentation etanol

4 CHALMERS Bioraffinaderikoncept i Processindustrin Raffinaderiindustrin Förgasning och produktion av vätgas eller FT-diesel Kemiindustrin Förgasning och produktion av t ex metanol Fermentation ti och produktion av etanol till t ex polyeten

5 CHALMERS Core Research Profile: Process Integration 1 2 Reactor Process modelling & validation (Aspen Plus) Pinch analysis Separation/ Recycle System Heat Recovery System Process integration study Heating & Cooling Utilities Water & Effluent Treatment 4 Process modifications Evaluation (Thermodynamics, Economics & CO 2 emission balances) 3

6 CHALMERS Research Theme: Biorefineries Process Integration Issues Biorefinery Plant Industrial ProcessPlant

7 CHALMERS In the future, which h is the most profitable pathway and which h pathway gives the largest reductions of CO2? How to utilize kraft pulp mill excess heat? Trade-off between economic performance and reduction of global CO2 emissions investigated for 6 different future energy market scenarios and the following pathways: Black liquor gasification with production of DME (BLGMF:DME) Black liquor gasification connected to a gas turbine combined cycle (BLGCC) increased electricity production in new turbines extraction of lignin carbon capture and storage (CCS) (production of district heat, can be combined with pathways above)

8 CHALMERS Results for year ~2030 (with CCS) BLGMF:CCS RB:Electricity it BLGCC:CCS RB:CCS Lignin:Wood fuel Lignin:Oil

9 Biomassaförgasning i TMP bruk

10 PRES 2012, Prague Förgasning g med vätgasproduktion i raffinaderi Comparison of 4 cases: Case A. 35 % substitution, internal drying, HP steam export Case B. 100 % substitution, internal drying, HP steam export Case C. 100 % substitution, external drying, HP steam export Case D. 100 % substitution, external drying, electricity production Butane Butane Biomass Fuel gas Fuel gas Biomass BioH2 HPU BioH2 Hydrogen Steam Refinery Electricity Steam Excess heat 12/17

11 PRES 2012, Prague Results and discussioni Export steam (MW) Electricity (MW) Total efficiency (%) Case A Case B Case C Case D A: energy demand drying = excess heat from HPU B: internal drying = penalty on efficiency C: external drying = gain of 9 p.p. in efficiency D: 21,8 MW electricity produced 14/17

12 PRES 2012, Prague Results and discussioni Case A Case B Case C Case D ΔCO 2 (kt/y) Refinery s total CO 2 emissions: 1,67 Mt in /17

13 Jämförelse FT diesel och CCS i raffinaderi Δglob bal GHG G emissio ons [kt/y y] ΔNet Annual Profit [M /y] /] ,0 40,0 20,0 0,0 20,0 40,0 60, FT fuel production (Case1a) Scenario: 1 Scenario: 2 Scenario: 3 Scenario: 4 FT fuel production (Case 1b) Scenario: 1 Scenario: 2 Scenario: 3 Scenario: 4 CO 2 capture (Case 2) Scenario: 1 Scenario: 2 Scenario: 3 Scenario: 4

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16 Slutsatser Det är svårt att konkurrera k klimatmässigt i mot ersättning av kol El från biomassa i anläggningar med hög verkningsgrad är ett klimatsmart alternativ, så länge vi har kolkondens på marginalen Vid framtida andra elmixar på marginalen blir situationen helt annorlunda. Alternativa drivmedel och material/kemikalier ik li blir mer intressanta t produkter klimatmässigt Integration med en industri kan skapa synergieffekter avseende framför allt el och värme. Till energiändamål krävs i princip inga kolatomer men de behövs för gröna material/kemikalier

17 CHALMERS Research Theme: Techno-economic studies of future options for industrial process plants Extraction of lignin/ materials Export of bark or reduced fuel usage Production of biofuel Increased electricity production Carbon capture and storage (CCS) Pulp Mill Investments in process integration and new technology can reduce process steam demand by 20-30% Steam and high temperature excess heat available District heating

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21 Heat and Power Technology Biomassaförgasning i i TMP bruk It is implied that biomass is an unlimited resourcer e Alternative use is assumed to be co firing in a coal power plant Only an integrated gas turbine can beat co firing

22 CCS Clusters(post combustion) CCS Clusters (oxyfuel) CCS Clusters (FCC) CCS Clusters (hydrogen) CCS (post combustion) CCS (oxyfuel combustion) CCS (FCC units) CCS (hydrogen sources) Fuel substitution (natural gas) Fuel substitution (biomass) Energy efficiency (20%) Energy efficiency (10%) Energy efficiency (5%) Potential product quality changes Demand changes Product quality changes Baseline CO 2 Emissions (MtCO 2 /year)