Stora alvarets sfirart ur entomologisk synpunkt

Transkript

1 Stora alvarets sfirart ur entomologisk synpunkt Coulianos, C.-C. och Sylv6n, E.: Stora alvarets serart ur entomologisk synpunkt. [The distinctive character of the Great Alvar loland, Sweden) from an entomological point of view.l - Ent. Tidskr. 104: Uppsala, Sweden, ISSN x. The Great Alvar is a steppejike limestone formation on the island of Oland in the southern Baltic. About I 800 species of insects and spiders are known from the area. In host plant relationships between Heteroptera, Lepidoptera, Cecidomyiidae and plants characteristic ofthe Alvar were studied. Of23 plant species 12 were hosts for 22 species, 9 of them in Northern Europe found mainly or exclusively on alvar ground. The Palearctic distributions of 30 insect species distinctive to the area are discussed. Previous opinions on the supposed relict nature of insects on the Alvar are critically reviewed. Considered as relicts are the bugs Pionosomus trichopterus, Xylocoris thomsoni and Aradus frigidus, the molh Margaritia manualis, and the dolichopodid fly Scellus dolichocerus. There are strong indications that several of the species typical of the Alvar have existed there since Late Glacial or Preboreal times. The highest number of species occur on habitats with rich vegetation. However, the species unique or most distinctive to the Alvar are found in environments with poor, low-growing vegetation, especially on the karst areas that probably have not changed much during the Holocene history of the Alvar. They are regarded as refugia for many insect species. - In Swedish with an English summary. C.-C. Coulianos, Dept. of Zoology, Univ. oj'stockholm, S-106 9l Stockholm, Sweden. E. Sylvin, Section of Entomology, Sn'edish Mus. Nat. Hist., Box 50007, S-lM 05 Stockholm, Sweden.

2 Grupp Group Stora alvaret Great Alvar Sverige Sweden Psocoptera Hemiptera: Heteroptera Coleoptera Lepidoptera Diptera: Cecidomyiidae Diptera: Brachycera Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea Hymenoptera: Aculeata Araneae Grupp Group Thysanura I Diplura 0 Protura Collembola Ephemeroptera Odonata 4 Plecoptera Orthoptera 7 Dermaptera I Dictyoptera I Psocopterar 20 Mallophaga Siphunculata 0 Hemiptera 242 Thysanoptera Neuroptera 4 Coleoptera 725 Strepsiptera Lepidoptera 303 Trichoptera 2 Mecoptera 0 Siphonaptera Diptera Hymenoptera ca 210 Araneae 179 Stora alvaret Oland Great Alvar Oland t Exkl. tillldlligt infijrda arter Occasionally introduced species not included Sverige Sweden

3 Stora alvarets siirart ur entomologisk synpunkt 215

4 Sibiriska gruppen/siberian group Potentilla fruticosa Hem Ligyrocoris silvestris (Linnaeus) * Lep Coleophora peri Svensson Lep Acleris variegana (Denis & Schiffermtiller) Oxytropis campestris Hem Coriomeris denticulatus (Scopoli) * Lep Apterona crenulella (Bruand) Artemisia oelandica * Lep Bucculatrix laciniatella Benander Lep Martyrhilda praeustella (Rebel) Lep Sophronia humerella (Denis & Schiffermtiller) Lep Pandemis corylana (Fabricius) SE-europeiska gruppen /SE-european group Cerastium pumilum Cec Dasineura sp. (cf. D.fructum Riibsaamen) Gypsophila fastigiata * Lep Apterona crenulella (Bruand) * Lep Coleophora lcyffiusana Petry * Lep Caryocolum petryi (Hofmann) * Lep Hadena irregularis (Hufnagel) Anemone pralensis Cec Dasineura pulsatillae (Kieffer) V i nc e lox i c u m hiru ndi na ria Hem Lygaeus equestris (Linnaeus) * Lep Sparganothis pilleriana (Denis & Schiffermiiller) Cec Contarinia r.,incetoxici Kieffer Prunella grandiflora Lep Fedalmiaheadleyella(Stainton) Lep Apterona crenulella (Bruand) * Lep Sparganothis pilleriana (Denis & Schiffermiiller) S-europeiska gruppen /S-european group Globularia vulgaris * Lep Apterona crenuella (Bruand) Lep Cnephasia genitalana Pierce & Metcalfe * Lep Sparganothis pilleriana (Denis & Schiffermtiller) Coronilla emerus * Lep Sparganothis pilleriana (Denis & Schiffermiiller) Helianthemum canum Hem Macroplax preyssleri (Fieber) * Hem Aradus frigidus Kiritshenko * Lep Anacampsis scintillella (F. von Riislerstam) H elia nt he mu m oe landic u m Hem Macroplax preyssleri (Fieber) * Hem Aradus Jrigidus Kiritshenko * Lep Apterona crenulella (Bruand) * Lep Anacampsis scintillella (F. von R6slerstam) * Lep Sparganothis pilleriana (Denis & Schiffermiiller)

5 Tab. 3. Species of Heteroptera, Lepidoptera and Cecidomyiidae found to use special alvar-plants as hostplants in the inventory. Biogeographical grouping of the plants according to Sterner (1948). + : species mentioned in Tab. 4. P = polyphagous, O = oligophagous (known from only one plant genus), M : known from one plant species only, possibly monophagous. Stora alvarets siirart ur entomologisk synpunkt 217

6 Bryodema tuberculata C oc hy li dia r i c ht e riana Euxoa lidia Pionosom u s t ric h op t eru s Calosoma reticulatumr H elophoru s la pp oni cu s 2 Xylocoris thomsoni C ry pt oce p h al u s elo n gat u s Longitarsus medvedevi Coleophora kyffiusana Coleophora peri B u cc ulat rix lac i niat e lla Scellus dolichocerus Omoc est u s ha e momhoidalis S parganot h i s pille riana Anac amp si s s c i nt i lle lla Margaritia manualis Hemineura dispar Tebenna bjerkandrella Setina roscida Aradus frigidus Thereva marginula Hadena irregularis S phingonot u s c aer u lans Caryocolum petryi Aphodius immundus Apterona crenulella C henni u m bit u berc u lat u m Elac his ta fe s t u c i c ole lla Bis elac hi s t a c inereop u nct ella

7 Stora alvarets siirart ur entomologisk sr-nprrnkt 219 Known distribution of 30 insect species characteristic of the alvar on Oland, most of them without or with a strongly restricted occurrence on the Swedish mainland. - 6l- :6land. S = Great Alvar. N : alvarground north ofthegreatalvar.e:notalvarground.-sk:scania.-no:norway.fi:finland.ob:estonia,latvia, and Lithuania. SB : East Prussia, Gdansk, Polish Corridor, Pomerania, Mecklenburg, and Schleswig-Holstein. DK = Denmark. - MO : Mongolia. SI : Siberia. KA : Kazakhstan incl. the part of USSR situated farther south. SO= USSR in Europe excl. the parts included in SB, OB and KA. ME = Central Europe (bordering on SB, OB, SO, BA, IT and FR; cf. below). MA = Asia Minor. BA : Balkan peninsula incl. Rumania and Yugoslavia. IT : Italy. PY = Iberian peninsula (Spain, Portugal). NA : North Africa. FR = France. BR = British Isles. For further explanation see Swedish text.

8 220 Carl-Cedric Coulianos och Edvard Sylrin

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17 Grupp Art Group Species Insecta Tip Limonia subtristis Alexander Chal Spltegigaster cuscutae Ferriire Het Derephysia cristlta (Panzer) Lep Parornix atripalpella Wahlstr<im Chal Pterttmuhrs sylrtni Hedqvist Brach Nentorilla maculosa (Meigen) Lep Cryphia mrrralis ( Forster) Brach Helina arctata Collin Brach Ettdrtrylas strb.fastipes Collin Chal Gastran( istnts tt)rymi-.lbmris Brach (Ratzeburg) Philygria stit'tica (Meigen) Sepsis.t'Iarimana Brach Meigen Col Psilothrix yiridicoeruleus (Fourcroy) Brach Delia coronariae (Hendel) Brach Heterostylodes nominadilis (Collin) Brach Pltytoliriomy:a oasis Cec Chal (Becker) Dasinerrra salicariae (Kieffer) Necremrurs croton (Walker)

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19 Lavalvar Sedum - Tortella-alvar Festuca-alvar Sedum reflexum-alvar Helianthemum-alvar Arrhenatherum-alvar Sesleria - Molinia-alvar Karst Alvarsjiiars och vitars veg. I alvarsjiiar Heteroptera Lepidoptera Cecidomyiidae Aculeata

20 232 Carl-Cedric' Cottliaruts och Edv'ard Svlvin

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