Forest regeneration in Sweden

Transkript

1 Forest regeneration in Sweden Historic developement Methods Pine regeneration in Southern Sweden Storm damage Forest legislation and regeneration survey Survey: Is performed 5(7) years after final cutting. Annually is 1600 areas investigated Study if regeneration areas reach the minimum standards of the forest legislation Forest legislation: Minimum number of main crop seedlings per ha: Minimum number of main crop seedlings per ha: Minimum frequency of plots (3 m radius) without any main crop seedlings: % Main crop seedlings should be of certain tree species: Pine and spruce, birch on moist sites and on mesic sites, silver birch and aspen. Main crop seedlings should be healthy, competative and free of severe tecnical defects. 1

2 Inventory of forest regeneration in Sweden Regeneration methods and forest legislation 2

3 Ocurrence of regeneration methods Direct seeding of pine (%) 3

4 Pine regeneration in Sweden Elk (moose) Elk, roe deer, fallow deer, red deer Planting of pine in southern Sweden 4

5 Proportion (%) of natural regeneration of pine with seed trees i southern Sweden (Götaland) Proportion (%) of mixed (planting+natural) regeneration in southern Sweden (Götaland) 5

6 The January storm in 2005 (Gudrun) Reforestation with state subsidies after Januaristormen 2005 (Gudrun) Ca ha planted with conifers Spruce 90,8 % Hybrid larch 4,4 % Pine 3,7 % Sitka 1,0 % Douglas 0,1 % Ca ha planted with deciduous trees Hybrid aspen % Oak % Birch % 6

7 Proportion (%) of pine seedlings in forest regenerations in northern Sweden SKA-VB 08 Referens Proportion Pine (%)

8 Pine in the north och spruce in the south, is that ok? In the north, pine is growing better than spruce on most sites In the south, spruce is growing better than pine on most sites What is the effect of global change? Spruce on pine sites in southern Sweden 8

9 How to increase pine regeneration in the south. The new elk (moose) administration The Swedish Environmental protection agency (Naturvårdsverket) The county administration board (Länsstyrelsen): Aprove population management plans. Elk administration areas (Älgförvaltningsområde): ha, one separate elk population. Population management plan. Aprove the local management plans Elk management area (Älgskötselområde): ha. Local management plan. Inventories of population (size, age, sex ratio, fecundity etc.) forage availability and forest damage. Forest owners and hunters Climate change and regeneration Pine Spruce Contorta Spruce (Pine) Hybrid Larch Spruce Sitka Oak, Beech, Hybrid aspen 9

10 Learning experiences from wild experiments National survey not enough No research fundings Small scale studies (special studies, forest student works, etc.). Regenerations after the Januaristormen 2005 (Gudrun) Sitka, hybrid larch, hybrid aspen, Douglas: Acceptable result. Oak and poplar: Not acceptable result. Forest owners opinion about their sitka spruce plantations 10

11 Skogsskötselserien Summarize scientific results and knowledge concerning forest management. National project with Skogsstyrelsen (Forest agency), university och the forest industry. Published as Pdf-files on the internet. 18 parts: Skogsskötselns grunder; Produktion av frö och plantor; Plantering av barrträd; Naturlig föryngring av tall och gran; Sådd; Röjning; Gallring; Stamkvistning; Skötsel av björk, al och asp; Skötsel av ädellövskog; Blädningsbruk; Skador på skog; Skogsbruk- mark och vatten; Naturhänsyn; Produktionshöjande åtgärder; äd Skogsbränsle; bä Skogsskötselns köt ekonomi; Skogsträdsförädling. In production: Skogsskötsel för människan i skogen; Slutavverkning. /Skogsbruk/Skogsskotselserien Föryngring av tall i Skogsskötselserien 11

12 Föryngring av tall i Skogsskötselserien Figur NF56. Skogsskötselserien nr 4, titel, Skogsstyrelsen, text: Christer Karlsson, Ulf Sikström, Göran Örlander, Mats Hannerz, Björn Hånell, illustration: Bo Persson,

13 Figur NF13. Skogsskötselserien nr 4, titel, Skogsstyrelsen, text: Christer Karlsson, Ulf Sikström, Göran Örlander, Mats Hannerz, Björn Hånell, illustration: Bo Persson, 2009 Figur NF23. Skogsskötselserien nr 4, titel, Skogsstyrelsen, text: Christer Karlsson, Ulf Sikström, Göran Örlander, Mats Hannerz, Björn Hånell, illustration: Bo Persson,

14 Figur NF12. Skogsskötselserien nr 4, titel, Skogsstyrelsen, text: Christer Karlsson, Ulf Sikström, Göran Örlander, Mats Hannerz, Björn Hånell, illustration: Bo Persson, 2009 Figur NF12. Skogsskötselserien nr 4, titel, Skogsstyrelsen, text: Christer Karlsson, Ulf Sikström, Göran Örlander, Mats Hannerz, Björn Hånell, illustration: Bo Persson,