Information Visualization. 3. Color

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1 Information Visualization 3. Color

2 Andreas Eklund & Martin Ohls

3 Kristin Edvardsen, Annika Ridington and Anya Ernest

4 Jakob Martinsköld, Michael Schade, Ludvig Arwidsson

5 Jakob Martinsköld, Michael Schade, Ludvig Arwidsson

6 Anton Malmquist Rostislav Raykov The average time for the regular game was 34.33s. The average time taken to play a game with the prototype was 48.33s. All 3 games using the prototype were a draw. When playing the regular format of the game 2 out the 3 games were won by one of the players

The average time taken to play a game with the prototype was 48.33s.

7 Daniel Gunnarsson and Viktor Swantesson

8 ??????

9 Er Luo Robert Sebescen

10 John Luc and Xiaochen Zhang

11 Christian Fransson, Cyrill Averbeck, Daniel Kvarfordt

12 Busolini & Sakellis

13 Vincenzo De Caria Bahareh Sadeghi Arturo Santos Bermejo

14 David Schneller, Zhuo-Lin(Jolene) Qiqige

15 Alex Albu Foteini Bogiatzi Jenny Ivarsson

16 Julia Adamsson Ann Michélsen 30 to 50 seconds 5 to 15 seconds.

17 Gunnar Oledal Benjamin Lillandt Basharat Hasan

18 Rakkeboene outside Stavern on the Norwegian Sörlandet. Norska Sjökartverket chart no , Svenner Skien Jomfruland, 1:

19 Tidal level Draught Deapth Rakkeboene outside Stavern on the Norwegian Sörlandet. Norska Sjökartverket chart no , Svenner Skien Jomfruland, 1:

20 Simpvarps insegling norr om Oskarshamn. Sjöfartsverkets kort 624, Kråkelund Blå Jungfrun. Skala 1:

21 No Go Area: 4,0 m 21

22 No Go Area: 4,5 m 22

23 No Go Area: 5,0 m 23

24 No Go Area: 5,5 m 24

25 No Go Area: 6,0 m 25

26 No Go Area: 6,5 m 26

27 No Go Area: 7,0 m 27

28 Surrounded Islands Biscayne Bay, Miami, Florida En konstinstallation av Christo och Jeanne-Claude,

29 29

30 The human can distingue 200 hues along the visible spectrum Gouras, P. (1992). Ways of Coloring: Comparative color vision as a case study for cognitive science. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Volume 15, Issue 01, March 1992 pp 37-37

31 The human can distingue 200 hues along the visible spectrum; if we mix in white and change intensity the number is > 1 million Gouras, P. (1992). Ways of Coloring: Comparative color vision as a case study for cognitive science. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Volume 15, Issue 01, March 1992 pp 37-37

33 L-cones (red) S-cones (Blue) M-cones (green) Cone mosaic in the fovea Throughout the whole retina the ratio of L- and M- cones to S-cones is about 100:1.

37 Bins synspektrum Goldstein, E.B. (2010) Sensation and Perception. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. p.224

39 Ware, Colin (2004) Information Visualization. Perception for design. Elsevier, London, p. 99

40 Vinden i seglet for smattrande in, och böljan kring stäven svallande hävdes och brusade starkt för det gående skeppet, och i en ilande fart på böljorna lopp det sin bana Natten gick hän och det grydde till dag, och de seglade ständigt Odysséen, 2a sången

41 Vinden i seglet for smattrande in, och böljan kring stäven svallande hävdes och brusade starkt för det gående skeppet, och i en ilande fart på böljorna lopp det sin bana Natten gick hän och det grydde till dag, och de seglade ständigt Odysséen, 2a sången

42 Chromatic aberration Ware, C. (2004). Information Visualization, Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, CA, p. xxi

43 Chromatic aberration Chromatic aberration Ware, C. (2004). Information Visualization, Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, CA, p. xxi

44 Young & Helmholtz Tricromatic theory (1802)

45 CMYK The subtractive color model

46 The additative color model

47 Color matching task 420 nm 500 nm 560 nm 640 nm

52 Hering Opponent-process theory (end of 1800 s)

55 The Natural Colour System (NCS) (Scandinavian Colour Institute)

56 The LAB color model

58 Power Point 2007 Photoshop CS3

59 HSB sliders Hue, saturation, blackness RGB sliders Red, green, blue LAB sliders Red, green, blue CMYK sliders Cyan, magenta, yellow, key

60 Status: Color coding

62 How many different color codes can you use?

63 Color for Labeling Unique hues: The unique hues red, green, yellow, and blue, as well as black and white are special in terms of the opponent process model. These colors are also special in the color vocabularies of languages worldwide. Clearly, these colors provide natural choices when a small set of color codes is required. In addition, work on color confusion suggests that no two colors should be chosen from the same category, even though they may be relatively far apart in color space. We should avoid using multiple shades of green as codes, for example.

64 Color for Labeling Contrast with background: In many displays, color-coded objects can be expected to appear on a variety of backgrounds. Simultaneous contrast with background colors can dramatically alter color appearance, making one color look like another. This is one reason why it is advisable to have only a small set of color codes.

65 Color for Labeling Contrast with background: A method for reducing contrast effects is to place a thin white or black border around the color-coded object. This device is commonly used with signal lights; for example, train signals are displayed on large black background discs. In addition, we should never display codes using purely chromatic differences with the background. There should be a significant luminance difference in addition to the color difference.

66 Color for Labeling Color blindness: Because there is a substantial color-blind population, it may be desirable to use colors that can be distinguished even by people who are color blind. Recall that the majority of color-blind people cannot distinguish colors that differ in a red green direction. Almost everyone can distinguish colors that vary in a yellow blue direction. Unfortunately, this drastically reduces the design choices that are available.

67 About 8 % of all men are blind to the difference between red and green

70 Horisontal traffic lights in Austin, Texas

72 Förslag på utformning av kontrollpanel för styrning av slussar i Trollhättekanal

73 Protanope (another form of red/green color deficit) Rödblindhet, protanopi, en vanligen ärftlig form av färgblindhet med svårighet eller oförmåga att uppfatta rött.

74 Color for Labeling Conventions: Color-coding conventions must sometimes be taken into account. Some common conventions are red = hot, red = danger, blue = cold, green = life, green = go. However, it is important to keep in mind that these conventions do not necessarily cross cultural borders. In China, for example, red means life and good fortune, and green means death.

75 Color for Labeling The following is a list of 12 colors recommended for use in coding. 1. Red 2. Green 3. Yellow 4. Blue 5. Black 6. White 7. Pink 8. Cyan 9. Gray 10. Orange 11. Brown 12. Purple

76 Dark adaptation is deferred by fatigue, smoking, lack of vitamin A, alcohol and old age Max dark adaptation 45 min.

78 Observation pattern in darkness Center of interest

83 Keeping dark adaptation on one eye

84 Global vs. local processing (response conflicts) The Stroop effect (Stroop, 1935) XCIBD WORP ZYP QLEFK SUWRG FVYT Stroop, J.R. (1935). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18,

85 Global vs. local processing (response conflicts) The Stroop effect (Stroop, 1935) RED YELLOW BLUE GREEN YELLOW RED Stroop, J.R. (1935). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18,

86 Global vs. local processing (response conflicts) The Stroop effect (Stroop, 1935) BLUE RED GREEN YELLOW RED GREEN Stroop, J.R. (1935). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18,

90 Color and luminosity constance

95 Adelson s Checker-shadow illusion.

96 Adelson s Checker-shadow illusion.

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105 If the luminosity values is measured by converting the color image to a grayscale image the contrast between the darkest pixels in the text (41 % black) and background (36 % black) is only 1 : 1.1 (ISO readability standard recommends 1: 10, and minimum 1 : 3) Measuring the darkest pixels in the background (70 % black) and the lightest in the text (29 % black) gives us a 1 : 2.4 ratio, which almost reaches the ISO standard.

106 ISO-standard kontrastskillnad: Rekommenderad 1:10 Minimum 1:3

107 Det var en gång en blå spark som hade tröttnat på livet. I ett obevakat ögonblick gled den stillsamt ut genom grinden och nedför backen mot stora landsvägen

108 Det var en gång en blå spark som hade tröttnat på livet. I ett obevakat ögonblick gled den stillsamt ut genom grinden och nedför backen mot stora landsvägen

109 Det var en gång en blå spark som hade tröttnat på livet. I ett obevakat ögonblick gled den stillsamt ut genom grinden och nedför backen mot stora landsvägen

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111 launch

112 launch

113 launch

114 flight5

115 flight6

116 flight7

117 flight8

118 destruction

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120 Joint Rotation Under Pressure

121 Page 1 (13)

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124 (8) (11) (9) (11) (12) (24) (-2) (-3) Red is temperature in Celcius

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