Social Hållbarhet: Verktyg KURS XXXXXX KTH 2016 Dr Elisabeth Ekener Petersen, Division of Environmental Strategies Research FMS, KTH Karin Edvardsson Björnberg, Division of Philosophy ABE, KTH Dominic Von Martens, Division of Industrial Engineering and Management ITM, KTH Niccolas Albiz, Division of Industrial Engineering and Management ITM, KTH
Dagens föreläsning Summering av teorin Verktyg Verktyg applicerat 2016-07-05 2
Summering av teorin Mål: Att kunna nå sin fulla potential! Globalt perspektiv Rättvisa: mellan generationer och inom generationer Individuellt perspektiv Mat Vatten Hälsa Säkerhet Återhämtning(vila) Autonomi Tillhörighet Kompetens 2016-07-05 3
Att tänka kring hållbarhet Paradigmskifte: Maximera eget -> Maximera helheten Hållbarhet kräver ofta att man tänker längre och bredare. Erkänner komplexitet i samband och att man kan bli överraskad Verktyg ger en struktur för analys av ett problem/möjlighet. Man måste definiera problemen/möjligheterna själv. (Det är detta er fallstudie kommer handla om)
Systems Thinking
Systems Thinking Definition Delar som interagerar och ger upphov till en effekt / uppfyller ett syfte. Alltså: Delar Kopplingar Syfte Fungerande system brukar vilja bibehålla ett jämviktsläge
Systems Thinking Causal Loop Diagrams Noder Kopplingar (negativ/positiv) Feedback loops (balanserande/förstär kande)
Systems Thinking Causal Loop Diagrams Noder Kopplingar (negativ/positiv) Feedback loops (balanserande/förstär kande)
Systems Thinking Stock & Flow Diagrams Name: Stocks Flows Converter Example: Symbol: Water
Systems Thinking Tips: Insightmaker.com Bild från Sterman (2000). Business Dynamics
Life-Cycle Thinking & S-LCA
Life-cycle thinking (LCT) Considering environmental, social and economic impacts of a product over its entire life cycle Capturing potential shifts of negative impacts throughout the life cycle Applicable in other areas/processes Consider impacts in all steps in any process Life cycle assessment (LCA) a specific tool within LCT 2016-07-05 12
Social Life Cycle Assessment S-LCA Assessment of social and socioeconomic impacts of a products life cycle Published in Guidelines for a social LCA on products and services (Benoît & Mazijn 2009) Generic and site-specific assessment approaches Considering production processes AND the organisation itself Also qualitative and semi-quantitative data Both positive and negative impacts
Area of protection: Human well-being Stakeholder categories Worker Consumer Local community Society Value chain actors Impact categories Human rights Working conditions Health and safety Cultural heritage Governance Socio-economic repercussions
Stakeholder category Worker Sub category Freedom of Association and Collective Bargaining Child Labour Fair Salary Working Hours Forced Labour Equal opportunities/discrimination Health and Safety Social Benefits/Social Security Consumer Health and Safety Feedback Mechanism Consumer Privacy Transparency End of life responsibility Local community Access to material resources Access to immaterial resources Delocalization and Migration Cultural Heritage
Local community, cont. Safe & Healthy Living Conditions Respect of Indigenous rights Community engagement Local employment Secure living conditions Society Public commitments to sustainability issues Contribution to economic development Prevention and mitigation of armed conflicts Technology development Corruption Value chain actors Fair competition Promoting social responsibility Supplier relationships Respect of intellectual property rights
Laptop case study Generic life cycle Supporting processes (e.g. energy) and more generic process (e.g. transports) not included Assessment phases - Resource extraction (copper, cobalt, aluminum, gold, crude oil) - Refining and processing (metals, oil/plastic) - Manufacturing and assembly (mother board, battery cells, display, optical drive and battery pack) - Marketing and sales - Use (customer relations) - Recycling and waste (formal and informal)
Data collection (generic study) Collection of data per country and sector Data sources mostly global organisations like ILO, WHO, the UN, Amnesty, Transparency International Substantial lack of data or old/uncertain data
Results, hotspots Stakeholder Subcategory Countries involved with potentially severe impacts Worker Social benefits/social security China, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Thailand Working hours Brazil, Bolivia, Thailand Freedom of association and China, Thailand collective bargaining Local community Access to immaterial resources China, Bolivia, Russia, Saudi Arabia Safe and healthy living conditions China, Saudi Arabia, Thailand Community engagement China, Saudi Arabia, Brazil, Bolivia, Thailand Delocalisation and migration China, Brazil Cultural heritage China Respect for indigenous rights Brazil
Vehicle fuels case study A S-LCA screening assessment on a selection of biofuels and fossil fuels Simplified product system (three phases) for eight fuels Generic level, i.e. with country and/or sector level data Assessed by the Social Hotspot Database (www.socialhotspot.org) Builds on GTAP database with data on 57 sectors Assessing level of risk (low, medium, high or very high) of social impact Only high and very high risks considered Counted the number of risks
Russia Oil Prodcution Russia Refinery Russia Transport Norway Oil Production Norway Transport Sweden Refinery Nigeria Oil Production Nigeria Refinery Nigeria Transport Brazil Sugar Cane Cultivation Brazil Ethanol Processing Brazil Transport US Maize Cultivation US Ethanol Processing France/US Transport France Maize Cultivation France Ethanol Processing France/US Transport France Wheat Cultivation France Ethanol Processing France/US Transport Lithuania Oil Seed Cultivation Lithuania Biodiesel Processing Lithuania Transport
Social Hotspot Database www.socialhotspot.org
Social Hotspot Database
Social Hotspot Database
Result - number of risk per product system 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Very high risk High risk
Stakeholder Analysis (Intressentanalys)
Stakeholder Analysis
Stakeholder Analysis Definition: En intressent är någon person/grupp med ett intresse/något att vinna på en organisation eller ett initiativ. Identifiera dom genom: Vem har ett intresse i organisationen/initiativet? Hur påverkar de organisationen/initiativet? Hur påverkar vi intressenten Vad för intresse har de I organisationen/initiativet?
Stakeholder Analysis