Environmental taxes and subsidies in the Swedish Environmental Accounts

Transkript

1 Environmental taxes and subsidies in the Swedish Environmental Accounts Maja Larsson, Statistics Sweden 3 rd OECD Workshop on Reforming Environmentally Harmful Subsidies Paris, October 5th, Maja.Larsson@scb.se Webpage:

2 Today's presentation - The environmental accounts (SEEA) - Taxes and subsidies today in Swedish SEEA - Definitions - Examples of results & analyses - Limitations and possibilities - Future work

3 The environmental accounts - Data from Relationsship between environment and economy - Satellite system to the national accounts - Provide information for analyzing environmental and economic policies

4 The environmental accounts MILJÖSTATISTIK Luftutsläpp 1. Jordbruk 1171 #### 676 Miljötillstånd 1. Jordbruk 1171 #### Skogsbruk #### #### 5 2. Skogsbruk #### Fiske Fiske Gruvor, mineralbrott Gruvorott #### Livsmedel, textil m m ####4726 #### 5. Livsmedel, textil m m #### 6. Massa, papper, grafisk Massa, p Kemisk industri Kemisk Petroleumraffinaderier Kemisk Järn-, stål- o metallverk Järn-, stål- o metallverk Environm. 10. Verkstadsindustri Verkstads #### 11. El-, gas- o värmeverk El-, gas- o värmeverk Vatten- o avloppsverk Vatten- o a Byggnadsindustri Samfärdsel Samfärdsel Handel o övr. tjänster #### 15. Handel o övr Bostäder o fastigheter #### 16. Bostäder o Hushållens statistics idéella org. 17. Hushållens 18. Offentliga myndigheter 18. Offentliga Vattenutsläpp 1. Jordbruk 1171 #### 676 Vattenutsläpp 1. Jordbruk Skogsbruk #### #### 5 2. Skogsbruk Fiske Fiske Gruvorott Gruvor, mineralbrott Livsmedel, textil m m #### 5. Livsmedel, textil m m Massa, p #### 6. Massa, papper, grafisk Kemisk Kemisk industri Kemisk Petroleumraffinaderier Järn-, stål- o metallverk Järn-, stål- o metallverk Verkstadsindustri El-, gas- o värmeverk El-, gas- o värmeverk Vatten- o a Vatten- o avloppsverk Byggnadsindustri #### 13. Byggnadsindustri #### 14. Samfärdsel #### 14. Samfärdsel Handel o övr ####9756 #### 15. Handel o övr. tjänster #### #### 16. Bostäder o #### 16. Bostäder o fastigheter Hushållens 17. Hushållens idéella org. 18. Offentliga 18. Offentliga myndigheter 19. Ofördelade 19. Ofördelade Avfall 13. Byggnadsindustri #### Avfall 13. Byggnadsin #### Samfärdsel Samfärdsel Handel o övr. tjänster Handel o övr. tj Bostäder o fastigheter #### 16. Bost 326 Kemikalier Icke va #### Kemikalier Icke varuan Egentliga löner #### 6035 Egentliga löner 361 Kolle #### 9882 Kollektiva Driftöverskott netto #### 9108 #### Driftöversk 326 Utsläpp CO 2 #### #### #### #### Utsläpp CO SO SO NO x NO x NMVOC NMVOC NH NH

5 Economic instruments today in the environmental accounts - Environmental taxes (2000) - Environmentally motivated subsidies, (2003) - Environmental expenditures (yearly survey) Present together. Also with emission data, resource use, waste generation, economic data, etc. (per industry)

6 Taxes and subsidies in environmental accounts Subsidies: 1) Product- and other production SNAsubsidies (in the national accounts) 2) Other transfers (e.g. investment subsidies) Taxes: 1) Product- and other production taxes (in the national accounts) 2) Other levies (e.g. charges) 3) Tax subsidies

7 Definitions base for comparisons - Environmental taxes: OECD & Eurostat has common definition. Comparable. - Environmental subsidies: different definitions, work in progress. Different aspects: - Subsidy: narrow definitions in the SNA, not including for example investment subsidies - Environmental subsidy: motive - Environmental harmful subsidy: not yet a practicable definition (for our purposes, all sectors)

8 Environmental taxes and subsidies percent of total Environmental taxes Environmentally motivated SNAsubsidies 12% 10% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% Resourcerelated Transportrelated Pollutionrelated Energyrelated 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% %

9 Environmentally motivated SNA-subsidies by industry Million EUR (1 EUR = 9,4 SEK) Other industries Research (73 ) Elect., gas & water (40-41) Fishing (05) Agriculture (01)

10 Positive environmental subsidies - effect with different definitions Million EUR Environmental subsidies for public transportation and railways Environmentally motivated investment subsidies Environmentally motivated SNA-subsidies, from the national accounts

11 Comparison the agricultural and fishing industry (01, 05) Million EUR Environmentally motivated subsidies Environmentally harmful subsidies

12 CO2 tax and CO2 emissions by industry (2002) Agriculture, forestry & fishery (NACE 01-05) Mining & manufacturing (NACE 10-37) % of total carbon dioxide tax % of total carbon dioxide emission Elect., gas & w ater (NACE 40-41) Transp.& communication (NACE 60-64) Other industries and public administration (NACE 45, 50-55, 65-99) Private consumption 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50%

13 Limitations and possibilities - Possibilities in the SEEA: Identify, measure and estimate environmental effect of economic policy tools General picture of economic policy tools Possible tool to follow progress in reform of subsidies? Internationally comparable! - Limitations today: No harmonised definition Narrow definition - investigate NA more (transfers) - add more supports

14 Future work & hopes - Find possibilities in SEEA to estimate the efficiency of subsidies: Resource accounts/study industries one-by-one? - OECD/EEA database large potential! (also by industries/sectors?) -Definitions harmonized in order to compare: Subsidy, motivated, harmful, potentially harmful, potential positive environmental effect..