PRODUCT DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT by Karl T. Ulrich & Steven D. Eppinger

Transkript

1 PRODUCT DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT by Karl T. Ulrich & Steven D. Eppinger - Part 5 Robert Bjärnemo Division of Machine Design / the Department of Design Sciences Lund Institute of Technology at Lund University

2 Establish the product specification(s) for a Ball Point Pen based on a specific customer need! Customer need: The pen writes smoothly. Product Specification = Metric and its corresponding value

3 Övning 2B: Översätt kundutlåtanden som redovisas i separet utdelat dokument (baserat på de kundintervjuer som gjorts inför omkonstruktionen av ryggsäcken Övning 2A) Tolka följande kundutlåtanden angående studentväska av ryggsäckstyp, till passande kundbehov. Kundutlåtande Kundbehov (förslag till tolkningar) Se hur repat lädret är i botten på väskan. Det är fult. Jag känner mig som en stork, när jag står i en kö i affären och försöker hitta min plånbok samtidigt som jag balanserar väskan på mitt ena ben. Väskan är mitt liv, om jag blir av med den blir det mycket besvärligt. Det finns inget värre än då en banan mosats av en bok. Jag använder aldrig båda remmarna på min ryggsäck, oftast kastar jag den bara över ena axeln. Väskan bibehåller sitt ursprungliga utseende under användning. Innehållet i väskan är lätt att hitta. Innehållet i väskan är lättåtkomligt. Det är svårt att tappa bort väskan. Väskan är lått att finna om man tappat bort den. Det är möjligt att separera väskans innehåll. Känsligt innehåll får ej skadas eller läcka ut till övriga delar av väskans förvaringsutrymmen. Väskan kan bäras säkert på ena eller andra axeln eller på båda, samt i ena eller andra handen.

4 Concept Generation example Cordless Electric Roofing Nailer p 117

5 Concept Generation p 118

6 What is a Product Concept? p 118 A product concept is an approximate description of the technology, working principle(s), and form of the product. It is a concise description of how the product will satisfy the customer needs. A concept is usually expressed as a sketch or as a rough three-dimensional model and is often accompanied by a brief textual description.

7 What is meant by referring to a product s working principle? Unfortunately there is no established definition of working principle (sv. verkningssätt ) in the literature. A proposal for such a definition might be: By a product s working principle is here referred to the technical realization of the basic laws of nature (emanating from biology, chemistry or physics) which, alone or in combination, generates the function of the product it s way of working or functioning.

8 Working Principles an Example Working principle for a microscope - specialized for studies of chromosomes Source: E. Tjalve Systematisk utformning af industriprodukter, 1976

9 Product Architecture* Embodiment** Having established the Working principle of the concept, the next step is to create its Architecture (localization of its constitutive subsystems). Based on this the Embodiment (form and shape) will finalize the generation of the concept. Note that the Architecture and Embodiment of the concept is most frequently of a preliminary nature, while the establishment of the Working Principle is final! Concept - Architecture Concept Embodiment Source: E. Tjalve Systematisk utformning af industriprodukter, 1976 * sv. produktarkitektur **sv utformning eg. förkroppsligande

10 Övning 4: Beskriv en Over-head-projektors verkningssätt Vilka naturlagar utnyttjas i over-head-projektorn? Beskriv kortfattat hur en given del eller subsystem i projektorn förkroppsligar en given narturlag?

11 A Five-Step Method Concept Generation Method p

12 Step 1: Clarify the Problem* p 120. Decomposition of a Complex problem into Simpler Subproblems sv. Klargöra problemet

13 Step 2: Search Externally* p 124 There are at least five good ways to gather information from external sources. These are:. Interview lead users Consult experts Search patents Search published literature Benchmark related products sv. Söka externt

14 Step 3: Search Internally p 108 Guidelines useful for improving both individual and group internal search:. Suspend judgment Generate a lot of ideas Infeasible ideas are welcome Use graphical and physical media

15 Hindering Creativity some examples. Next letter above or beneath? A B C D? Print the next symbol!? Connect the 9 dots with 4 straight lines, without lifting the pen from the surface! Connect the 9 dots with 3 straight lines, without lifting the pen from the surface!

16 Step 3: Search Internally* p 127 Hints for generating solution concepts:. Make analogies Wish and wonder Use related stimuli Use unrelated stimuli Set quantitative goals Use the gallery method sv. Söka internt

17 Step 4: Explore Systematically* p 130. sv. Utred systematiskt

18 Step 4: Explore Systematically p 131 Classification Tree benefits:. Pruning of less promising branches Identification of independent approaches to the problem Exposure of inappropriate emphasis on certain branches Refinement of the problem decomposition for a particular branch

19 Step 4: Explore Systematically p 133. A new problem decomposition

20 Step 4: Explore Systematically p 136. Concept Combination Table

21 Step 4: Explore Systematically an Alternative Approach Using Design Catalogues. Design Catalogue based on a listing of the existing laws of physics for the elementary subproblem Generating Force Source: Lic. Eng. Thesis by R. Bjärnemo 1983

22 Step 4: Explore Systematically an Alternative Approach Using Design Catalogues. Concept (candidate) solutions Source: Lic. Eng. Thesis by R. Bjärnemo 1983

23 Step 5: Reflect on the Results and the Process* p 139. Is the team developing confidence that the solution space has been fully explored? Are there alternative function diagrams? Are there alternative ways to decompose the problem? Have external sources been thoroughly pursued? Have ideas from everyone been accepted and integrated in the process? sv. Reflektera över resultaten och processen