Protected areas in Sweden - a Barents perspective

Protected areas in Sweden - a Barents perspective Olle Höjer Swedish Environmental Protection Agency Naturvårdsverket Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 2013-04-03 1

The fundamental framework for protection of nature The environmental code The parliamentary environmental quality objectives The EU directives, Natura 2000 The convention on biological diversity Other conventions Naturvårdsverket Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 2013-04-03 2

Diagrammet visar fördelningen av markägande inom naturreservat av olika storleksklasser. % 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Köp Intrångsersättning Bidrag Ersättningsmark i Sverige AB 0 19 20 49 Ownership classification of forest land: 50 99 51 % Private persons 24 % Forest Companies 6 % Other private 18 % State Forest 1 % Other public 10 0 199 200 499 Antal ärenden 2010 2011 2012 Köp/byten 310 190 128 Intrång 238 375 423 ha Bidrag 9 5 10 500 999 1000 1999 2000 5000 > 5000 Privata ägare, skogsägare < 1 000 ha Övriga (HB, KB, gemensamhetsskogar) Övriga aktiebolag Sveaskog Kyrkan Allmännings- och besparingsskogar Kommuner Fastighetsverket och övriga statliga myndigheter Naturvårdsverket Naturvårdsverket Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 2013-04-03 3

In total, 4.9 million hectares, 12 % of the land area of SE is conserved by means of different forms of legal protection Protected areas of land per region 5% 7% 1% 4% Montane region North boreal region South boreal region Boreo-nemoral region Nemoral region 83% Naturvårdsverket Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 2013-04-03 4

In total, 7.5 % or 2.1 million hectares of forest are legally protected, and 77 % of the protected forested area in the country is within the montane region. The major part of this area lies within nature reserves. The protection and conservation of forests is not representative, which is mostly due to the small proportion of protected and conserved productive forests below the montane region. The mountain region include forests with a high level of connectivity and ecological function, while such forests in other parts of the country are mostly found within high-value tracts and clusters of core sites. Over 50 % of the area of forested core sites lacks legal protection below the montane region. In the montane region, there are several large forests with a primeval character that are unprotected. Naturvårdsverket Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 2013-04-03 5

Protected areas in Sweden Naturvårdsverket Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 2013-04-03 6

Protected areas i SE Barents BD+AC län Protected areas 3 760 000 ha (approx) Planned protected areas 410 000 ha Naturvårdsverket Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 2013-04-03 7

Norrbotten +Västerbotten Protected area Planned protection Protected & Planned Total 21,5 2,5 24,0 Land 23,3 2,5 25,8 Water 11,4 2,5 13,9 Bioms Forests 18,2 2,7 20,8 Wetland 22,0 5,0 27,0 Inland water 16,6 2,1 18,7 Sea 7,2 2,7 10,0 Protected areas are National parks, Nature reserves and Natura 2000 Planned protection refers to areas that is approved for protection by SEPA Naturvårdsverket Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 2013-04-03 8

Naturvårdsverket Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 2013-04-03 9

Diagrammet visar fördelningen av markägande inom naturreservat av olika storleksklasser. % 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 19 20 49 Land owners in nature reserves of different size categories % 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 50 99 0 19 10 0 199 20 49 200 499 50 99 500 999 10 0 199 1000 1999 200 499 2000 5000 > 5000 500 999 ha > 5000 ha 1000 1999 Privata ägare, skogsägare < 1 000 ha Övriga (HB, KB, gemensamhetsskogar) Privata ägare, skogsägare < 1 000 ha Övriga aktiebolag Övriga (HB, KB, gemensamhetsskogar) Sveaskog Övriga aktiebolag Kyrkan Sveaskog Allmännings- och Kyrkan besparingsskogar Kommuner Allmännings- och besparingsskogar Fastighetsverket och Kommuner övriga statliga myndigheter Naturvårdsverket Fastighetsverket och övriga statliga myndigheter Naturvårdsverket 2000 5000 Naturvårdsverket Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 2013-04-03 15

Progress - examples Mapping and gap-analysis Comprehensive surveys of HCV- forest and wetlands Use of state owned land to compensate for protection on private land. high value tract analysis and planning database for monitoring and managing PAs Naturvårdsverket Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 2013-04-03 17

Köp Intrångsersättning Bidrag Ersättningsmark i Sverige AB Use of state owned land to compensate for protection on private land.. Antal ärenden 2010 2011 2012 Köp/byten 310 190 128 Intrång 238 375 423 Bidrag 9 5 10 Naturvårdsverket Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 2013-04-03 18

To be evaluated advanced involvement of Sami people in Laponia Naturvårdsverket Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 2013-04-03 19

Gaps - examples Gaps in implementation of protected areas plans, strategies and programmes Gaps in identifying and preventing, and/or mitigating the negative impacts of key threats to protected areas Transboundary protected areas - further analyses of potential areas need to be done. Provide an enabling policy, institutional and socio-economic environment for protected areas Communities (municipalities) often question the establishment of new protected areas due to the difficulty to see local benefits. No research program regarding protected areas. Naturvårdsverket Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 2013-04-03 20

Thank you! Naturvårdsverket Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 2013-04-03 21