Tradi&onell kunskap om växter och naturbruk Hur dokumentera, bruka och skydda? Håkan Tunón Centrum för biologisk mångfald Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, Uppsala
UN Conven&on on biological diversity ar&cle 1: The objec&ves of this Conven&on, to be pursued in accordance with its relevant provisions, are the conserva&on of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the u&liza&on of gene&c resources,
The Conven&on 1) conserva&on of biodiversity, 2) sustainable use of its components and 3) fair and equitable sharing of benefits.
UN Conven&on on biological diversity ar&cle 8(j): Subject to na&onal legisla&on, respect, preserve and maintain knowledge, innova&ons and prac&ces of indigenous and local communi&es embodying tradi&onal lifestyles relevant for the conserva&on and sustainable use of biological diversity and promote their wider applica&on with the approval and involvement of the holders of such knowledge, innova&ons and prac&ces and encourage the equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the u&liza&on of such knowledge, innova&ons and prac&ces
Tradi&onal knowledge? Rolf Kjellström Sustainable customary use Sven Nordqvist
ITPGRFA Farmers Rights In its Ar&cle 9, the Interna&onal Treaty recognizes the enormous contribu&on that the local and indigenous communi&es and farmers of all regions of the world, par&cularly those in the centers of origin and crop diversity, have made and will con&nue to make for the conserva&on and development of of plant gene&c resources which cons&tute the basis of food and agriculture produc&on throughout the world. It gives governments the responsibility for implemen&ng Farmers' Rights, and lists measures that could be taken to protect and promote these rights: The protec&on of tradi&onal knowledge relevant to plant gene&c resources for food and agriculture; The right to equitably par&cipate in sharing benefits arising from the u&liza&on of plant gene&c resources for food and agriculture; and The right to par&cipate in making decisions, at the na&onal level, on maaers related to the conserva&on and sustainable use of plant gene&c resources for food and agriculture. The Interna&onal Treaty also recognizes the importance of suppor&ng the efforts of farmers and local and indigenous communi&es in the conserva&on and sustainable use of plant gene&c resources for food and agriculture, including through a funding strategy. In this strategy priority will be given to the implementa&on of agreed plans and programmes for farmers in developing countries, especially in least developed countries, and in countries with economies in transi&on, who conserve and sustainably u&lize plant gene&c resources for food and agriculture. (h$p://www.plan$reaty.org/content/farmers- rights)
Jämtlands vit Backpotatis Sparrispotatis Rättviks röd Blå dalslands Mandelpotatis Foto: NordGen
Vilken sorts kunskap? Odlingsmetoder Markberedning, gödsling & gröngödsling Odling (be&ngelser & handhavande) Samodling Ogräs/ohyra bekämpning och användning av vild biodiversitet Växhörädling Hantering Lagring Användning/&llagning/ konservering
Källor/dokumenta&on Levande kunskapsbärare Intervju Deltagande dokumenta&on (förmedling/dokumenta&on) Norsk trekant (lärling, kunskapsbärare & dokumentatör) Icke- levande kunskapsbärare Arkiv Frågelistor Bondedagböcker Bildarkiv Etnologisk liaeratur
Exempel på källiaeratur Tunón, H. & Dahlström, A. 2010. Nycklar &ll kunskap. Om människans bruk av naturen CBM & KSLA, Uppsala & Stockholm. Westman, A. & Tunón, H. 2009. Ju förr desto bäare: Kulturarvet som resurs för en hållbar fram&d. CBM, Uppsala. Harrysson, A. 2012. Ak&v dokumenta&on. hap://www.slu.se/sv/centrumbildningar- och- projekt/centrum- for- biologisk- mangfald- cbm/publika&oner/bocker- och- &dskriqer/
Skydda och bruka Skydda (protect) (WIPO IGC- GRTKF) Immaterialräa Sui generis- system (sedvaneräa) Annat Skydda/bevara (maintain/preserve) Fortsaa bruk och in situ- förädling Kommersiellt Musealt Husbehov Ideellt (t ex Föreningen Sesam) Kunskapsöverföring &ll nya brukare Exempel på åtgärder för aa uppmuntra fortsaa bruk Miljöersäaningar (stärka ekonomin) Ursprungsmärkning, skyddad beteckning (Grönt kulturarv) Visad uppskaaning och uppmärksamhet (massmedialt [Guldärtan eller kändiskockar ], kursverksamhet)
Konklusion Aa bevara gene&sk varia&on är vik> men man bör inte förglömma aa bevara kunskapen förknippad med sorterna som förhöjer värdet En fråga om bevarad biodiversitet och livsmedelssäkerhet En vik&g förutsäaning är delak&ghet på jämförbara villkor Tack! Kontakt: hakan.tunon@slu.se