Analystjänster och utrustningar på Swerea KIMAB. Exempel från tidigare utförda arbeten

Analystjänster och utrustningar på Swerea KIMAB Exempel från tidigare utförda arbeten

Swerea KIMABs uppdragserbjudande Aktuell kompetens från forskningsfronten Hög kapacitet Flexibilitet Skräddarsydda undersökningar Lång erfarenhet Avancerad instrumentpark Kundanpassad Industriell process kunskap Oberoende part 9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 2

Swerea KIMABs uppdragserbjudande Skadeanalys & haveri Material karakterisering Material provning Från mindre analyser till större utredningar Analys & provning Materialval Säkerställning av kvalitén konstruktionsoptimering Rådgivning Certifiering Tekniska rapporter Litteraturstudier Korrosions provning Process optimering Simulering, modellering 9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 3

KIMABs uppdragserbjudande Skadeanalys: huvudlösa skruvar förzinkade skruvar Haveri en kort tid efter dragning Anvisningar från mekanisk tillverkning Interkristallina sprickor Väteförsprödning Tillverkningsfel 9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 4

KIMABs uppdragserbjudande Material analys - rekommendation Material från en skena Kunden vill tillverka nytt liknande material Kemisk analys Hårdhetsmätning Mikrostruktur analys Tillverkningsrekommendation (specifikation) 9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 5

Mässingskoppling med brottyta Undersökning av tvärsnitt i LOM och ASEM, spänningskorrosion ger information om var och hur sprickor propageras och om sammansättningen i och runt sprickorna. 9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 6

KIMABs uppdragserbjudande Material analys efter brand tillståndsbedömning Håller stålstruktur efter brand? Stopp i trafiken Provtagning och analys Arbetet utfört på mycket kort tid Ingen försämring av stålet, trafik igång igen 9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 7

Tillförlitlighet i lödfogar Ring-pinne prov: utmattning i lödfogar på kretskort simuleras mekaniskt på ett kontrollerat sätt QFP ben Temperatur cyklad fog Mekanisk cyklad fog 9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 8

Temperature Cycling - Results Pb-free joint. After 2000 temperature cycles. 9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 9

Temperature Cycling - Results Polarised light used to observe recrystallised regions. 9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 10

Vi vill ha analys av det här materialet!! 9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 11

Analys med EDS, Mapping 9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 12

EDS 9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 13

Punktanalys längs linje med kombinerad WDS och EDS 9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 14

The GD-OES Spectrometer Sample mounting Enlarged view of the GD-lamp C An optical spectrometer N with fixed PM-tubes O each detecting a specific Cr element wavelength S Fe Al => Multielemental acquisition The GD source Each atomic element emits a number of characteristic photons 9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 15

The Analysis Area 9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 16

Investigation of diffusion couples 5 µm Ni PVD coated on Fe As delivered 950ºC 10 min Pb - Contamination 9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 17

Pb - Contamination 9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 18

Effect of Pb-Contamination LOM SEM - BEI Joints estimated to contain between 2 % - 6 % Pb. Produced solder alloys with different Pb contents. 9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 19

Mechanical Fatigue - Results 3000 Number of Cycles 2500 2000 1500 1000 20% Load drop Pb-free 1% Pb 2% Pb 5% Pb 10% Pb 15% Pb 37% Pb 10% Load drop 500 5% Load drop 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 % Pb 9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 20

Microstructure - Pb contaminated solder 5 % Pb, after fatigue (approx 1000 cycles) 9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 21

Olympus - LEXT - Confocal Microscope 9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 22

9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 23 Working Principle

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Skadefallsexempel Korrosion i kondensortuber Utvärdering av punktkorrosion och allmänkorrosion 9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 25

Volume Measurements Volume[µm3] Area[µm2] Surface[µm2] 1 206386.6075 110537.9943 132690.224 9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 26

Profile measurements Width[µm] Height[µm] Length[µm] Angle[Degree] 1 40.4705 37.59 55.2347 42.8867 2 25.8174 26.016 36.652 45.2195 3 283.9916 81.663 295.4997 16.0428 9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 27

Roughness Measurements 2 1 SRp SRv SRz SRa SRq 1 3.0905 2.668 5.7585 0.7245 0.8983 2 5.0872 4.9664 10.0536 1.0262 1.3084 9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 28

Corrosion of metals used in electronics Corrosivity classification Corrosion sensors Electrical contacts -30-50 Near field measurements Chromated and unchromated aluminium Tin plated fingerstock gasket Nylon screws Shielding joints Transmission loss (db) -70-90 -110-130 -150 10 100 Frequency (MHz) 1 000 10 000 9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 29

Nötningsoxidation 9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 30

Risk för nötningsoxidation kontrollerad kraft (mekaniska rörelser) Spänningsfall över kontakten Contact voltage drop (mv) 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2.0 N 1.98 N 1.97 N 1.95 N 1.9 N 1.7 N 1.5 N 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Time (s) 9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 31

Sn Whiskers - A New-Old Problem 9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 32

What are Whiskers? Single crystal filaments that grow from a plated layer. What do they do? Cause a threat to electronics via short circuits. 9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 33

Sn Whiskers - What are they? Single crystals that grow from a plated layer. Typical diameter 1-5 µm. Length 10 µm 9 mm Typical growth rate 0.01-0.5 Ås -1, ~1-3 µm/day Fast rates 2-6 Ås -1, ~ 50 µm/day Incubation time ranges from 1-2 hours to 1+ years 9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 34

Sn Whiskers What is the problem? Electrically conductive. Can carry 10mA before burning up Electrical resistance (3mm long) = 50ohms. Cause a threat to electronic circuits (short circuits). Direct threat by growing and connecting/bridging conductive material e.g leadframes. Indirect threat, as debris e.g. in cooling systems 9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 35

Structures and orientations of whiskers using SEM and EBSP 9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 36

Short whisker 9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 37

Properties Investigated by KIMAB Plating Alloy. Substrate. Plating Process. Temperature. Stresses. Accelerated Tests. 9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 38

Bronze IMC Form of Intermetallic IMC Sn Brass IMC 9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 39

Effect of plating thickness 35 30 Max whisker length (µm) 25 20 15 10 12 µm 7 µm 2 µm 5 0 arrival 6W 3M 5M 7M 9M 11M time 2 µm 7 µm 12 µm Thickness (µm) 9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 40

Användning av FIB (Focused Ion Beam) 9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 41

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X-section 9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 44

IMC Voids 9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 45

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Cross-section of a whisker 9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 47

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Case Study 1 - A Direct Threat Millstone Nuclear Power Plant (2005) Computer circuit card signalled an unsafe drop in pressure. Led to an automatic reactor shutdown as is standard procedure for such a signal. However, pressure was in fact OK. A tin whisker had bridged components causing a short circuit and giving a false signal. Problem for nuclear industry? Not only the fact that a short circuit caused an automatic shutdown. If a Sn whisker could prevent a safety function from occurring. 9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 52

Case Study 2 - An Indirect Threat Raised Floor System During 1 month a NASA data center experienced 18 catastrophic power failures in newly installed mass memory storage systems. Existing raised floors tiles (zinc electroplated steel) had been growing whiskers. The activity to install the new equipment, dislodged these whiskers. 9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 53

Case Study 2 - An Indirect Threat Raised Floor System 9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 54

Surface Differences Contamination? Oxide? Clean? 9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 55

Sn Grain Orientations Whisker-free With whiskers 9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 56

Brustna skruvar Brottytan med SEM ger info om typ av brott och möjlig orsak Interkristallint sprödbrott 9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 57

Brustna skruvar Tvärsnitt med ASEM struktur, sprickor, beläggning, ämnesanalys Zink analyserades långt inne i sprickan Elektropläterad zink beläggning 9/17/2008 Presentation av Swerea KIMAB 58

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