Department of Asian, Middle Eastern and Turkish Studies Japanese for Academic Research, 7.5hp, fall semester 2016

Department of Asian, Middle Eastern and Turkish Studies Japanese for Academic Research, 7.5hp, fall semester 2016

Kontaktuppgifter Personal, japanska Professor Jaqueline Berndt Tel: 08-16 14 93 jberndt@su.se Gästprofessor Christina Nygren Tel:08-16 28 99 christina.nygren@ su.se Universitetslektor Gunnar Linder Tel:08-16 37 88 gunnar.linder@su.se Adjunkt Mitsuyo Kuwano- Lidén (vikarie) Tel:08-16 24 96 Mitsuyo.kuwano@su.se Timlärare Eriko Seto Norrgård eriko.norrgard@su.se Tel:08-161421 Amanuens Jorunn Nilsson Tel:08-16 36 33 jorunn.nilsson@su.se Universitetslektor Stina Jelbring Tel:08-16 14 20 stina.jelbring@su.se Institutionen Besöksadress Kräftriket, hus 4 (Roslagsvägen 101:4) Stockholm Postadress Institutionen för Asien-, Mellanöstern- och Turkietstudier Stockholms universitet 106 91 Stockholm Studentexpeditionen Besöksadress: Kräftriket 4a Tel: 08-16 10 35 Fax: 08-16 88 10 exp@orient.su.se Hemsida www.su.se/asia Prefekt Alberto Tiscornia Tel:08-16 49 29 alberto.tiscornia@su.se Studierektor Hanna Kritz Tel:08-16 27 22 hanna.kritz@su.se Biträdande studierektor Johan Fresk johan.fresk@su.se Tel:08-16 36 20

Kursplan för kurs på avancerad nivå Akademisk japanska Japanese for Academic Research 7.5 Högskolepoäng 7.5 ECTS credits Kurskod: JKA970 Gäller från: HT 2015 Fastställd: 2014-09-10 Ändrad: 2015-02-25 Institution Institutionen för Asien- Mellanöstern- och Turkietstudier Huvudområde: Fördjupning: Asiens språk och kulturer A1N - Avancerad nivå, har endast kurs/er på grundnivå som förkunskapskrav Beslut Denna kursplan är fastställd av Humanistiska fakultetsnämnden 2014-09-10, reviderad 2015-02-25. Förkunskapskrav och andra villkor för tillträde till kursen Kandidatexamen i Asiens språk och kulturer, examensarbete i japanska, eller kandidatexamen i japanska eller motsvarande. Engelska B/Engelska 6, Svenska B/Svenska 3. Kursens uppläggning Provkod Benämning Högskolepoäng DK01 Akademisk japanska 7.5 Kursens innehåll Kursen består av läsning och språklig analys av japanska texter på avancerad nivå inom humanistiska eller samhällsvetenskapliga ämnesområden, eller annat akademiskt ämnesområde som väljs i samråd med handledaren. Kursens syfte är att förbereda studenten för vetenskapligt arbete med japanskt källmaterial inom det ämnesområde studenten ska skriva ett examensarbete i. Texterna studeras ingående med hjälp av japanska uppslagsverk och referensmaterial och studenten tränas i att självständigt söka information i japansk vetenskaplig litteratur. Förväntade studieresultat För godkänt resultat på kursen ska studenten kunna - läsa japanska texter på avancerad akademisk nivå - översiktligt läsa japanska böcker för att orientera sig inom olika humanistiska eller samhällsvetenskapliga områden - korrekt analysera komplex satsbyggnad i japanska meningar och förstå innehållet i sin helhet såväl som exakta betydelser av facktermer och specifika uttryck inom olika ämnesområden - på egen hand söka japanskt källmaterial till sin forskning Undervisning Sidan 1/2

Undervisningen sker i form av obligatoriska föreläsningar och seminarier. För mer detaljerad information hänvisas till kursbeskrivningen. Kunskapskontroll och examination a. Kursen Akademisk japanska examineras genom en skriftlig inlämningsuppgift samt värdering av muntliga färdigheter som framkommer vid seminarier. Principerna för sammanvägning av de enskilda examinationsuppgifterna framgår av betygskriterierna. För mer detaljerad information hänvisas till kursbeskrivningen. b. Betygsättning sker enligt en sjugradig målrelaterad betygsskala: A = Utmärkt, B = Mycket bra, C = Bra, D = Tillfredsställande, E = Tillräckligt, Fx = Otillräckligt och F = Helt otillräckligt. c. De skriftliga betygskriterierna meddelas studenterna vid kursstart. d. För att få slutbetyg på hela kursen krävs lägst betyget E på samtliga examinationsuppgifter samt fullgjord närvaro om minst 80%. Om särskilda skäl föreligger kan examinator efter samråd med ansvarig lärare medge den studerande befrielse från skyldigheten att delta i viss obligatorisk undervisning, studenten kan då åläggas en kompensationsuppgift. e. För varje kurstillfälle ska minst två examinationstillfällen finnas under aktuell termin. Minst ett examinationstillfälle ska dessutom erbjudas den termin eller det år som kurstillfälle saknas. Studerande som fått lägst betyget E på prov där sjugradig betygsskala tillämpas får inte genomgå förnyat prov för högre betyg. Studerande som fått betyget Fx eller F på prov två gånger i rad av en och samma examinator har rätt att få en annan examinator utsedd vid nästkommande prov, om inte särskilda skäl talar emot det. Framställan om detta ska göras till institutionsstyrelsen. f. Möjlighet till komplettering av betyg Fx upp till godkänt betyg ges inte på denna kurs. Övergångsbestämmelser När kursplanen är upphävd har studenten rätt att examineras en gång per termin enligt föreliggande kursplan under en avvecklingsperiod på tre terminer. Begränsningar Kursen får inte tillgodoräknas i examen samtidigt med sådan inom eller utom landet genomgången och godkänd kurs, vars innehåll helt eller delvis överensstämmer med innehållet i kursen. Kurslitteratur För aktuell kurslitteratur hänvisas till kursens litteraturlista. Litteraturlistan finns tillgänglig på institutionen samt på institutionens webbplats, www.orient.su.se, senast en månad före kursstart. Sidan 2/2

Syllabus for course at advanced level Japanese for Academic Research Akademisk japanska 7.5 Higher Education Credits 7.5 ECTS credits Course code: JKA970 Valid from: Autumn 2015 Date of approval: 2014-09-10 Changed: 2015-02-25 Department Department of Asian, Middle Eastern and Turkish Studies Main field: Specialisation: Asia:s Languages and Cultures A1N - Second cycle, has only first-cycle course/s as entry requirements Decision This syllabus was developed by the Faculty Board of Humanities 2014-09-10, and adoped by the Board of the Department of Asian, Middle Eastern and Turkish Studies 2015-02-25. Prerequisites and special admittance requirements Bachelor's degree in Asia's Languages and Cultures with a Bachelor's thesis in Japanese, or a Bachelor's degree in Japanese, or the equivalent. English B/English 6, Swedish B/Swedish 3. Course structure Examination code Name Higher Education Credits DK01 Japanese for Academic Research 7.5 Course content The course consists of reading and making a literary analysis of Japanese texts on an advanced level of studies within Humanities or Social sciences, or some other academic subject field chosen in consultation with the supervisor. The purpose of the course is to prepare the student for academic work with Japanese source material within the discipline in which the student is to write his/her degree project (Master's thesis). The texts are studied thoroughly with the assistance of Japanese dictionaries and reference material, and the student is trained in independent information searching in Japanese academic literature. Learning outcomes In order to pass the course, students are expected to be able to: - read Japanese texts on an advanced academic level - read Japanese books summarily in order to orient her/himself within fields disciplines of Humanities or Social sciences - correctly analyze complex sentence structure in Japanese sentences and understand the general content as well as the exact meanings of academic terms and specific phrases within different disciplines - independently search for Japanese source material to her/his own research Education Instruction is given in the form of lectures and seminars. All teaching sessions are mandatory. For more detailed description, please refer to the course description. This is a translation of the Swedish original Page 1/2

Forms of examination a. The course Academic Japanese is examined on the basis of a written assignement as well as an evaluation of the oral abilities demonstrated at the seminars. The principles for weighting individual course assignements are described in the grading criteria. For more detailed information, please refer to the course description. b. Grades will be set according to a seven-point scale related to the learning objectives of the course: A = Excellent, B = Very good, C = Good, D = Satisfactory, E = Sufficient, Fx = Insufficient, F = Completely insufficient. c. Students will be informed of the written grading criteria when the course starts. d. In order to pass the course, students must receive a grade of E or higher on all examinations and meet the attendance requirements of 80%. Under special circumstances, the examiner may, after consulting with the coordinating teacher, grant the student an exemption from the obligation to participate in certain mandatory course elements or complete mandatory assignements. The student can then be assigned a compensatory assignement. e. At least two examination opportunities should be offered for each course. At least one examination opportunity should be offered during a semester when the course is not given. Students who receive the grade Fx or F twice by the same examiner are entitled to have another examiner appointed for the next examination, unless there are special reasons to the contrary. Such requests should be made to the department board. f. This course does not include any opportunities to complete a supplementary assignement in order to convert the grade Fx into a passing grade. Interim When the syllabus is discontinued, students have the right to be examined according to this syllabus once per semester during a transition period of three semesters. Limitations This course may not be included in a degree together with a course, taken in Sweden or elsewhere, of identical or partially similar content. Required reading The current reading list will be made available at least two months before the course starts. See the webpage www.orient.su.se. This is a translation of the Swedish original Page 2/2

Japanese for Academic Research, 7.5hp Teacher Prof. Dr. Jaqueline Berndt [jberndt@su.se] Course contents This course provides students with linguistic, intellectual and institutional skills required for graduate- level research in Japanese and in Japan. It helps students to improve their ability to independently collect research materials, to enhance their academic reading comprehension, and to develop their capability of academic communication, while raising their awareness for pecularities of Japan s academic culture in the Humanities. In order to achieve this, the course simulates preparation process and execution of a Japanese grad- school entrance exam, ranging from research plan to oral presentation and interview. As far as practicable, the sessions will be held in Japanese. Teaching and evaluation Instruction is given in the form of lectures and seminars. Attendance at all teaching sessions is mandatory. Japanese for Academic Research is examined with regards to well- prepared and active participation in each session, one written assignement, and a final oral presentation. a) Written assignement: write application documents for a Japanese graduate school master s program, including cover letter requesting supervision (honorific style), CV, research proposal with bibliography and research plan in Japanese. b) Final oral presentation: deliver a max 10 minutes academic talk about individual research project in Japanese with the help of a powerpoint presentation and respond to the instructor s questions/comments in Japanese. Learning outcomes Efter genomgången kurs ska studenten kunna: - läsa japanska texter på avancerad akademisk nivå - översiktligt läsa japanska böcker för att orientera sig inom olika humanistiska eller samhällsvetenskapliga områden - korrekt analysera komplex satsbyggnad i japanska meningar och förstå innehållet i sin helhet såväl som exakta betydelser av facktermer och specifika uttryck inom olika ämnesområden - på egen hand söka japanskt källmaterial till sin forskning

In order to pass the course, students are expected to be able to: - read Japanese texts on an advanced academic level - read Japanese books summarily in order to orient her/himself within different fields of the Humanities or Social sciences - correctly analyze complex sentence structure in Japanese sentences and understand the general content as well as the exact meanings of academic terms and specific phrases within different disciplines - independently search for Japanese source material for her/his own research Grading criteria A B C D The student shows excellent skills in reading Japanese texts summarily on an advanced academic level, in order to orient her/himself within different fields of the Humanities or social sciences. She/he can also correctly and in depth analyze complex sentence structure in Japanese sentences as well as understand the general content in addition to the exact meanings of academic terms and specific phrases within different disciplines excellently. The student can also independently search for Japanese source material for her/his own reserach. The student shows very good skills in reading Japanese texts summarily on an advanced academic level, in order to orient her/himself within different fields of the Humanities or social sciences. She/he can also correctly analyze complex sentence structure in Japanese sentences as well as understand the general content in addition to the exact meanings of academic terms and specific phrases within different disciplines very well. The student can also independently search for Japanese source material for her/his own reserach. The student can read Japanese texts summarily on an advanced academic level, in order to orient her/himself within different fields of the Humanities or social sciences. She/he can also correctly analyze complex sentence structure in Japanese sentences as well as understand the general content in addition to the exact meanings of academic terms and specific phrases within different disciplines. The student can also independently search for Japanese source material for her/his own reserach. The student shows fairly good skills in reading Japanese texts summarily on an advanced academic level, in order to orient her/himself within different fields of the Humanities or social sciences. She/he can also to some extent correctly analyze complex sentence structure in Japanese sentences as well as understand the general content in addition to the exact meanings of academic terms and specific phrases within different disciplines. The student can also independently search for Japanese source material for her/his own reserach.

E The student shows some skills in reading Japanese texts summarily on an advanced academic level, in order to orient her/himself within different fields of the Humanities or social sciences. She/he can also correctly analyze complex sentence structure in Japanese sentences as well as understand the general content in addition to the exact meanings of academic terms and specific phrases within different disciplines. The student can also independently search for Japanese source material for her/his own reserach. There are some misunderstandings, but not so many that the student should fail the course. Fx F The student lacks some of the basic knowledge that is required to obtain the grade E or higher. The student lacks all of the basic knowledge that is required to obtain the grade E or higher. This course does not include any opportunities to complete a supplementary assignement in order to convert the grade Fx or F into a passing grade. Course Literature Literature is chosen together with the teacher. Schedule The schedule for the entire course is found on TimeEdit through the department s webpage, www.su.se/asia For an up- to- date schedule and possible changes in the schedule, see TimeEdit. 1. Wed, 31 Aug. 2016 Research- related self- introduction in Japanese Introduction to writing a Japanese CV (sample provided by instructor) 2. Mon, 5 Sept. 2016 Preparation (a): Search the Internet as well as the library for Japanese manuals regarding 学術論文の書き方. Introduce and discuss the above (team work possible!). Introduction to bibliographies and citation style in Japanese academic essays (examples provided by instructor) Preparation (b): Bring one academic essay or book chapter related to your research. Selection of common reading material during session.

3. Wed., 7 Sept. 2016 Preparation: Prepare title, problem statement and bibliography for individual research project in Japanese and submit it by Mon, 5 Sept. 2016 to instructor. Discussion of the above during the session in Japanese. Introduction to writing a research proposal and plan in Japan (examples provided by instructor) 4. Mon, 12 Sept. 2016 Delivering academic talks in Japanese 5. Mon, 19 Sept. 2016 Analyzing and discussing particularities of Japanese academic essays (Preparation needed!) 6. Wed., 21 Sept. 2016 Analyzing and discussing particularities of Japanese academic essays (Preparation needed!) 7. Mon, 26 Sept. 2016 Submission of written assignment (cover letter requesting supervision, CV, research proposal with bibliography and research plan in Japanese) Practicing academic presentation in Japanese (Preparation needed!) 8. Mon, 31 Oct. 2016: final session Oral presentations and interviews (the time for each presenter depends on the number of participants and will be specified in session 7).

Examinations, rules and student influence Examination The form of examination for the course you are following is given in the syllabus and the course description; you will find both in the course compendium and on the home page. Many courses have written examinations that are taken in an examination hall at the end of the course. Other courses have take-home examinations, oral examinations or other examination assignments. You must always register your name for a written examination in an examination hall. You do this via My studies, which you will find at mitt.su.se. That is one of the reasons it is important that you activate your university account, which you do via the same website. Take-home examinations and hand-in assignments do not require registration. Special guidelines apply to examinations and they are the same for the whole of Stockholm University. See the Rule book, Book 2 http://www.su.se/regelboken/bok-2/utbildning-på-grundnivå-och-avancerad-nivå Rules for examination hall exams At a written exam in an examination hall the invigilator s instructions apply. All students are obliged to follow the rules and instructions given by the invigilator and to show a valid ID card and any material they may have brought with them. Placing: Each student must sit where there is an examination paper put out or where the invigilator indicates a seat. It is not permitted to move the examination paper. Leaving the examination hall: It is forbidden to leave the examination hall before 30 minutes after the exam has begun. Coming late: Students who come more than 30 minutes late to an examination may not take part in the exam if another student has left the examination hall. Coming late does not entitle a student to extended examination time. Personal belongings: Outer clothing and bags are to be placed where the invigilator indicates. Paper: Examination answers may only be written on the paper that is handed out. This also applies to rough drafts. Aids: At exams where aids such as dictionaries are allowed, the invigilator will check that there are no notes in the books. Ban on speaking: It is forbidden for examination candidates to speak with each other or use mobile telephones after the exam has started. This also applies to visits to the bathrooms. Breaks and bathroom visits: When an examination lasts more than five hours, there will a 30-minute break. The invigilator will indicate which bathrooms may be used and students must follow the invigilator s instructions. Handing-in: Examination candidates are forbidden to take their answer papers out of the examination hall. They must be handed personally to the invigilator.

Note that even a blank answer paper must be handed to the invigilator before the student leaves the room. Identification: When handing in the exam papers to the invigilator, students must show a valid ID 1. Students must also write their signature at the place marked when handing their paper in if the invigilator requires it. Cheating: Students who are suspected of cheating may continue to do the exam if they show and hand over a prohibited aid. The invigilator will offer the student a permitted aid in exchange. Any cheating and/or disturbing behaviour will be dealt with after a report from the Head of Department/Director of Studies by the University Vice-Chancellor as a disciplinary matter. Take-home examinations Just as with a written exam in an examination hall, a take-home exam must always be written independently unless otherwise specified in the course description. In most cases, take-home exams are handed in via the Mondo course portal. See the instructions in the course description. For more details about how to use sources and references in your take-home exam, see the document entitled Formal matters, using references and quotations. Special needs If you are in some way disabled, which means that you need special support and/or aids, always contact Service for disabled students (studentstod@su.se or 08-162878) in good time before the course starts. You should then contact the Director of Studies at the Department of Asian, Middle Eastern and Turkish Studies (studierektor@orient.su.se) Available assistance includes, for example, adapting rooms, course textbooks as talking books, note-taking assistance, mentor support, extended time for exams and so on. Course Evaluation After the completion of a course, as a student you have the right to express your opinions and experience of the course in the form of a course evaluation. Course evaluations are given anonymously in connection with exams or the last lesson of a course. Course evaluations are answered digitally via computer, mobile phone or the like. A link to the course evaluation is sent to your email address and must normally be answered within one week. The result of the course evaluations is then available for you as a student in a file in the Student Office shortly after a course has been completed. If for some reason you have not been able to fill in a course evaluation for a course you have taken, you can get in touch with the Student Office (exp@orient.su.se). 1 Types of ID that are accepted are: a driving licence, a passport and a valid ID card. A police report that is not more than three months old showing that the candidate s ID has been stolen or lost is also accepted. Foreign IDs are also accepted, preferably a passport and ID card, provided that the ID document does not need to be translated for the candidate to be identified.

Formalities: source criticism and plagiarism Source criticism Remember always to be critical of the sources you use and choose them carefully. It is always important to be able to explain why you chose a certain source. Being critical of your sources is particularly important when you use information taken from the Internet. Check, for example, who wrote the information on the home page you use, why the home page has been created (e.g. for propaganda purposes). At Skolverket (The Swedish National Agency for Education) you will find some simple questions you can use to judge whether a home page is reliable. See http://www.skolverket.se/skolutveckling/resurser-forlarande/kollakallan/kallkritik/fakta/lathund-1.151074 Wikipedia is an example of a home page that is not considered a reliable source when you write an essay or a take-home exam. The reason is that voluntary contributors from all over the world have written the information found there. That means that the contents are open and free and everyone is able to add and take away information from Wikipedia. For more books on thinking critically, see for example: Pernilla Hultén, Kritiskt tänkande, Malmö: Liber Förlag, 2007 Thorsten Thurén, Källkritik, Stockholm, Liber AB, 2005 Writing an essay There are many books and online guides you can use for support when you write your essay. Even though the requirements may vary a little from one supervisor to another, there is a great deal that is common to all essay writing at the university. Stockholm University Library has a guide for essay writing: http://su.se/biblioteket/söka-och-använda/skriva-uppsats The Library also offers help in English: http://su.se/english/library/search-use/writing-an-essay In Swedish there is also Att skriva en bra uppsats, Rienecker & Jörgensen (Nordli, Harald transl.) Lund: Liber Förlag, 2004 See also Olle Josephson and Arne Jarrick, Från tanke till text, en språkhandbok för uppsatsskrivande studenter, Lund: Studentlitteratur, 1996.

Plagiarism You may certainly study together with your student friends, but remember that examination assignments and essays are normally done independently unless otherwise indicated in the course description. When your examination assignment or your essay is to be handed in, it is important that you work independently. You are not permitted to plagiarise from a student colleague, a book or an Internet source. Plagiarism means using something that someone else has written without giving the source. Since much of what you write as a university student is based on previous research, you will need to use other sources. That is why it is very important that you are careful about where you get your information. (Read more about this under Formalities, references and quotations below. You may feel uncertain about how you should deal with plagiarism; in that case, you can always ask the teacher who runs your course. You can also look at Gothenburg University s anti-plagiarism guide: http://www.ub.gu.se/ref/refero/ See also URKUND s Plagiarism Handbook (in Swedish): http://static.urkund.com/manuals/urkund_plagiarism_handbook_se.pdf Co-operation with a number of universities in Sweden including Linköping University and Umeå University has resulted in the site Skrivguiden where you can get support for your academic writing: http://skrivguiden.se In many cases, it is misunderstanding that leads to suspicions of cheating, so it is extra important that you are careful always to state the sources you have used. Turnitin The Turnitin program checks all examination assignments in the form of take-home exams and essays before they are given to the teacher for correction. Turnitin is a text-matching tool that compares your information with that of other students, and with books and Internet sources. If a teacher suspects some form of cheating, she or he is obliged to report it to the Director of Studies or the equivalent at the Department of Asian, Middle Eastern and Turkish Studies, who in turn has to report the suspicion to the Disciplinary Committee at Stockholm University. It is the Disciplinary Committee that decides whether or not something is to be regarded as cheating, not the Department of Asian, Middle Eastern and Turkish Studies, which only reports a suspicion of cheating. The reason for this is to ensure that the student who is suspected of cheating will get a fair hearing.

Formalities: references and quotations When you write an examination assignment in the form of an essay or a take-home exam, it is important that you are careful to report the sources you have used in your work. This is done by giving references, in the form of notes and a list of sources. There are many books about the way to deal with references, both at the library and on the Internet. Below you will find a summary of some of the things that are important to bear in mind concerning references. When you write an examination assignment (a BA or MA thesis) you should also take into account what applies to your particular course. See the description of the course you are taking. References in texts, different models There are various models for dealing with references in texts. Two commonly used ones are the Harvard Model and the Oxford Model. The Harvard Model means that you refer directly in the text, while the Oxford Model means that you refer in a footnote (see the examples below). Neither of these models is right or wrong, but in your particular field there may be a tradition of using one or the other. It is important for you to be consistent in your choice of model, so that you always choose to refer in, for example, footnotes if that is what you decide on. Quotations, about the use of notes Quotations are commonly used in texts. Quoting means that you reproduce verbatim something that someone else has said or written. A quotation must always be given exactly, even if it contains spelling mistakes. After the quotation you must always state where it comes from. You do this directly afterwards, either in a footnote or in brackets, depending on the model you have chosen. If there is a spelling mistake in the quotation, you can indicate it with [sic] directly after the spelling mistake to show that that you are not the one who has made the mistake. If the spelling mistake is particularly serious, you can write [sic!]. A reference after a quotation according to the Harvard Model can look like this: A reasonable requirement for a scientific conceptual apparatus is that it is possible to use it in practice. (Persson & Sahlin, 2013:205). A reference after a quotation in the form of a footnote according to the Oxford Model can look like this: A reasonable requirement for a scientific conceptual apparatus is that it is possible to use it in practice. 2 2 Johannes Persson & Nils-Eric Sahlin. Vetenskapsteori för sanningssökare: Fri Tanke Förlag, 2013, 205.

Long quotations If a quotation is short, as in the examples above, it is placed directly in the text. If the quotation is a long one, it should be placed in a paragraph of its own, for example: För den franske litteratur- och kulturteoretikern Roland Barthes är det centralt att berättarinstansen skiljs ifrån författarens och berättelsens subjekt (1988). Den som talar i berättelsen är inte den som skriver i verkliga livet. Och den som skriver är inte den som är. Det finns enligt Barthes två olika sorters berättarpositioner: berättaren som personlig eller opersonlig berättarinstans. Detta motsvarar inte givet skillnaden mellan en berättare i första respektive tredje person. En berättelse kan skrivas i tredje person och ändå vara personlig. 3 or (Johansson, 2005:39). Note that the quotation above is placed in a paragraph of its own, with an empty line at the beginning and at the end, and that it has a margin on both sides. A quotation of this kind need not have quotation marks at the beginning and end. Quotations within quotations If the person you quote has in turn quoted someone else, this should be shown within single quotation marks, for example: Finally, upon reaching the attractive landscapes in Mitava, he writes: The countryside here is much prettier than Livonia, through which one would not regret to travel with his eyes half closed. 4 4 or (Lewis, 1995:57). Referring to the same author and work immediately after each other If you quote or refer to the same author and work immediately after each other, you need not rewrite the whole reference. Instead, write ibid if it also refers to the same page. If it refers to another page in the same work and by the same author, write ibid, 43. 5 Summary A summary is an account of an author s text in your own words. This makes it possible for you to choose what you feel is central or what you feel is most relevant for your assignment. If you insert your own opinions or suppositions, you must be very sure to indicate that. You need not use quotation marks in a summary but you must indicate the reference so that the reader can find the source. Put the reference in brackets in the text or in the form of a footnote (see above). 3 Anna Johansson. Narrativ teori och metod. Lund: Studentlitteratur, 2005, 139. 4 S. Mark Lewis, Modes of Historical Discourse in J.G Herder and N.M Karamzin. New York: Peter Lang Publishing Inc, 1995, 57. 5 Ibid means in the same place and is an abbreviation of the Latin ibidem

List of References/Bibliography The List of References, also called Bibliography, is the list of books and articles you have used when writing your examination assignment. The List of References must always be given at the end and if you like you can divide it into Primary and Secondary Sources, or Internet-based material, Articles, Interviews and so on if you have used such material. The List of References must be in alphabetical order according to the author s family name and may look like this: Hamori, Andras, On the Art of Medieval Arabic Literature, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. If you have used two or more books by the same author, you need not write the author s name more than once. Note that the books should be arranged chronologically. It may look like this: Mernessi, Fatima. Women and Islam. An Historical and Theological Enquiry. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. 1991., Women s Rebellion & Islamic Memory. London and New Jersey: Zed Books. 1996. Chapters in a book When you refer to a whole book, you need not give the number of pages, but if you use one chapter in an anthology, you should give the page numbers in your bibliography, for example: Lee, Peter & Ashby, Rosalyn. Progression in Historical Understanding among Students Ages 7-14, Knowing, Teaching & Learning History. National and International Perspectives, edited by Peter N. Stearns, Peter Seixas and Sam Wineburg, New York and London: New York University Press. 2000. pp. 199-222. Articles If your source is an article, it may look like this in your bibliography: Kessy, Emanuel Thomas. The Transition from The Later Stone Age to Iron Age in Kondoa, Central Tanzania, in The African Archaeological Review. Vol. 30 No. 3 September 2013, pp 225-252. Internet sources If your source is a page from the Internet, for example from a work of reference, there is often a note on how to refer to it on the same page. What distinguishes an Internet source from a printed source is that you indicate when you have read the page. Reading tips on the Internet http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/16/contents.html