Department of Asian, Middle Eastern and Turkish Studies The Japanese Society Today, 7.5hp, spring semester 2017

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1 Department of Asian, Middle Eastern and Turkish Studies The Japanese Society Today, 7.5hp, spring semester 2017

2 Kursplan för kurs på grundnivå Dagens japanska samhälle The Japanese Society Today 7.5 Högskolepoäng 7.5 ECTS credits Kurskod: JKA921 Gäller från: VT 2017 Fastställd: Ändrad: Institution Institutionen för Asien- Mellanöstern- och Turkietstudier Huvudområde: Fördjupning: Asiens språk och kulturer G1N - Grundnivå, har endast gymnasiala förkunskapskrav Beslut Denna kursplan är fastställd av Humanistiska fakultetsnämnden och senast reviderad av institutionsstyrelsen vid Institutionen för Asien-, Mellanöstern- och Turkietstudier Förkunskapskrav och andra villkor för tillträde till kursen Engelska B/Engelska 6. Kursens uppläggning Provkod Benämning Högskolepoäng DK01 Dagens japanska samhälle 7.5 Kursens innehåll Kursen ger en introduktion till det moderna Japan från olika perspektiv av kultur, till exempel materiell kultur och vardagsliv, arbetskultur och genus, företagskultur och politisk kultur. Centrala samtida frågor diskuteras mot bakgrund av Japans speciella modernisering och analyseras med särskild fokus på aktörer och intressen. Förväntade studieresultat För godkänt resultat på kursen ska studenten kunna: - identifiera samhälleliga frågor som är viktiga för det moderna Japan samt förklara dem inom ett valt område - förklara skillnaden mellan Japan som nationalkultur och andra nivåer av kultur i Japan - redogöra för de historiska särdragen i Japans moderniseringprocess - känna till representativ engelskspråkig forskning om det moderna Japan Undervisning Undervisningen sker i form av föreläsningar. All undervisning är obligatorisk. Kunskapskontroll och examination a. Kursen examineras genom en skriftlig hemtentamen. b. Betygssättning sker genom en målrelaterad sjugradig betygsskala. A=Utmärkt, B=Mycket bra, C=Bra, D=Tillfredsställande, E=Tillräckligt, Fx=Otillräckligt,F=Helt otillräckligt. Sidan 1/2

3 c. De skriftliga betygskriterierna meddelas studenterna vid kursstart. d. För att få slutbetyg på kursen krävs lägst betyget E på uppsatsen och inlämningsfrågorna, samt lägst 80% närvaro. Studerande med 70-79% närvaro kan få slutbetyg efter godkända kompensationsuppgifter. Om särskilda skäl föreligger kan examinator efter samråd med ansvarig lärare medge den studerande befrielse från skyldighet att delta i viss obligatorisk undervisning. Studenten kan då åläggas en kompensationsuppgift. e. För varje kurstillfälle ska minst två examinationstillfällen finnas under aktuell termin. Minst ett examinationstillfälle ska dessutom erbjudas den termin eller det år som kurstillfälle saknas. Studerande som fått lägst betyget E får inte genomgå förnyad examination för högre betyg. Studerande som fått betyget Fx eller F på prov två gånger i rad av en och samma examinator har rätt att få annan examinator utsedd vid nästkommande prov, om inte särskilda skäl talar emot det. Framställan om detta ska göras till institutionsstyrelsen. f. Möjlighet till komplettering av betyg Fx upp till godkänt betyg ges inte på denna kurs. Övergångsbestämmelser När kursen inte längre ges eller kursinnehållet väsentligen ändrats har studenten rätt att en gång per termin under en treterminsperiod examineras enligt denna kursplan (dock med de begränsningar som framgår under Kunskapskontroll och examination i denna kursplan). Framställan om detta ska göras till institutionsstyrelsen. Begränsningar Kursen får inte tillgodoräknas i examen samtidigt med sådan inom eller utom landet genomgången och godkänd kurs vars innehåll helt eller delvis överensstämmer med innehållet i kursen. Kurslitteratur För aktuell kurslitteratur hänvisas till kursens webbplats på Aktuell litteraturlista finns tillgänglig senast två månader före kursstart. Sidan 2/2

4 Syllabus for course at first level The Japanese Society Today Dagens japanska samhälle 7.5 Higher Education Credits 7.5 ECTS credits Course code: JKA921 Valid from: Spring 2017 Date of approval: Changed: Department Department of Asian, Middle Eastern and Turkish Studies Main field: Specialisation: Asia:s Languages and Cultures G1N - First cycle, has only upper-secondary level entry requirements Decision This syllabus was approved by the board of the Faculty of Humanities , and revised by the Board of the Department of Asian, Middle Eastern and Turkish Studies Prerequisites and special admittance requirements Swedish upper secondary school course English B, or equivalent. Course structure Examination code Name Higher Education Credits DK01 The Japanese Society Today 7.5 Course content This course provides an introduction to modern Japan from the perspective of culture, addressing material culture and everyday life, work culture and gender, corporate and political culture. Central contemporary issues are discussed against the backdrop of Japan s particular modernization and analyzed with a special focus on actors and interests. Learning outcomes Having completed the course the student is expected to be able to: be able to identify societal issues crucial to modern Japan and explicate them within one chosen field be able to differentiate between Japan as national culture and other layers of culture within Japan be able to account for historical particularities of Japan s modernization know representative English-language research on modern Japan Education The course is given in the form of lectures. Attendance at all teaching sessions is mandatory. Forms of examination a. The course is examined on the basis of a written home exam. b. Grades will be set according to a seven-point scale related to the learning objectives of the course: A = Excellent, B = Very Good, C = Good, D = Satisfactory, E = Adequate, Fx = Inadequate, F = Totally This is a translation of the Swedish original Page 1/2

5 Inadequate. c. Students will be informed of the written grading criteria when the course starts. The grading criteria are binding. d. In order to pass the course, students must receive a grade of E or higher on all examinations and meet the attendance rquirements of 80%. Students with an attendance between 70-79% can receive a final grade after having completed compensatory assignements. Under special circumstances, the examiner may, after consulting with the coordinating teacher, grant the student an exemption from the obligation to participate in certain mandatory attandace. The student can then be assignes a compensatory assignement. e. At least two examination opprtunities should be offered for each course. At least one examination opportunity should be offered during a semester when the course is not given. Students who receive the grdae E or higher may not retake the examination to attain a higher grade. Students who receive the grade Fx or F twice by the same examiner are entitled to have another examiner appointed for the next examination, unless there are special reasons to the contary. Such requests should be made to the department board. f. This course does not include any opportunities to complete a supplementary assignement in order to convert the grade Fx into a passing grade. Interim When the syllabus is discontinued, students have the right to be examined according to this syllabus once per semester during a transition period of three semesters. Limitations This course may not be included in a degree together with a course, taken in Sweden or elsewhere, of identical or partially similar content. Required reading For up-to-date information about required reading, please refer to the department website at The current reading list will be made available at least two months before the course starts. This is a translation of the Swedish original Page 2/2

6 The Japanese Society Today, 7.5hp Teacher Jaqueline Berndt Professors: JB=Jaqueline Berndt, GL=Gunnar Linder, EB=Enno Berndt Course description This course provides an introduction to modern Japan from the perspective of culture, addressing material culture and everyday life, work culture and gender, corporate and political culture. Central contemporary issues are discussed against the backdrop of Japan s particular modernization and analyzed with a special focus on actors and interests. This line of inquiry is contrasted with modern Japanese discourses on Japanese culture as a national entity. Teaching and examination Instruction is given in the form of lectures. Attendance at all teaching sessions is mandatory. The Japanese Society Today is examined through an internet based home exam (via Exia) at the end of the course: 28 may 11 June Learning outcomes In order to pass the course, students are expected to be able to: be able to identify societal issues crucial to modern Japan and explicate them within one chosen field be able to differentiate between Japan as national culture and other layers of culture within Japan be able to account for historical particularities of Japan s modernization know representative English- language research on modern Japan. Grading criteria A The student shows an excellent ability to identify societal issues that are crutial to modern Japan and explicate them within one chosen field. She/he can also in great detail and accuracy differentiate between Japan as national culture and other layers of culture within Japan. The student also,

7 independently and very thoroughly, account for historical particularities of Japan s modernization as well as representative English- language research on modern Japan. She/he has received between % on the examination. B C D E The student shows a good ability to identify societal issues that are crutial to modern Japan and explicate them within one chosen field. She/he can also in great detail differentiate between Japan as national culture and other layers of culture within Japan. The student can also, independently and thoroughly, account for historical particularities of Japan s modernization as well as representative English- language research on modern Japan. She/he has received between 85-92% on the examination. The student can identify societal issues that are crutial to modern Japan and explicate them within one chosen field. She/he can also differentiate between Japan as national culture and other layers of culture within Japan. The student can also account for historical particularities of Japan s modernization as well as representative English- language research on modern Japan. She/he has received between 77-84% on the examination. The student can, to a certain extent, identify societal issues that are crutial to modern Japan and explicate them within one chosen field. She/he can also, to a certain degree, differentiate between Japan as national culture and other layers of culture within Japan. The student can also, to a certain extent, account for historical particularities of Japan s modernization as well as representative English- language research on modern Japan. She/he has received between 69-76% on the examination. The student can, with some deficiencies, identify societal issues that are crutial to modern Japan and explicate them within one chosen field. She/he can also, on a superficial level, differentiate between Japan as national culture and other layers of culture within Japan. The student also shows sufficient ability to account for historical particularities of Japan s modernization as well as representative English- language research on modern Japan. She/he has received between 60-68% on the examination. There are some misunderstandings, but not so many that the student should fail the course. Fx F The student lacks some of the basic knowledge that is required for obtaining the passing grade E. The student lacks all of the basic knowledge that is required for obtaining the passing grade E. Neither of the grades Fx and F include any opportunity to complete a supplementary assignement in order to convert the grade into a passing grade.

8 Course Literature A. Required (subject to exam): Goto- Jones, Christopher S., 2009, Modern Japan: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford University Press. [SUB: e- bok] B. Optional (focus on economy, political science): Cargill, Thomas F., and Takayki Sakamoto, Japan since 1980, New York: Cambridge UP, [SUB: bok] Detailed schedule For days, dates and location, please refer to the webpahe For up- to- date schedule as well as any changes to the schedule, please refer to TimeEdit Session 1: Fri, 31/ [JB] (a) Introduction: Japan as a Society and Japan as Modern (b) Japanese- Brazilians (nikkei) in Japan: 30min guest- lecture by Professor Sugino Toshiko Readings: [ read prior to attendance!] McKenzie, David; Salcedo, Alejandrina, 2014, Japanese- Brazilians and the future of Brazilian migration to Japan, International Migration, Apr., Vol. 52 Issue 2, pp Yanabu, Akira, Shakai, Society Modernization of Japanese Language Carol Gluck, 2011, The End of Elsewhere: Writing Modernity Now, American Historical Review, June, Session 2: Fri, 7/ [GL] From the Meiji Restauration to the Postwar period: Identity Issues Required reading: Hane Mikiso & Louis G. Perez, 2015, Premodern Japan: A Historical Survey, Second Edition, Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, pp [SUB: bok] Optional: Ruth Benedict, 1947 [and other editions], The chrysanthemum and the sword: Patterns of Japanese culture. Dower, John W., 1999 [and other editions], Embracing Defeat, W. W. Norton. Session 3: Wed, 12/ [JB]

9 Shōwa Nostalgia (sengo, Expo 1970) Readings: Harry Harootunian, Japan s Long Postwar, in Japan after Japan, ed. Tomiko Yoda & Harry Harootunian, Duke UP, 2006, pp. [SUB: bok; + Mondo] Carol Gluck, 1997, The End of the Postwar: Japan at the Turn of the Millennium, Public Culture Fall 10(1): [SUB: e- journal] Session 4: Fri, 28/ [JB] 3.11 Disaster and the Media Readings: Hiroko Furukawa & Rayna Denison, 2014, Disaster and relief: The 3.11 Tohoku and Fukushima disasters and Japan s media industries, International Journal of Cultural Studies, Vol. 18(2) [SUB: e- journal] Uno Tsunehiro, 2015, Imagination after the Earthquake: Japan s Otaku Culture in the 2010s, transl. Jeffrey C. Guarneri, Verge: Studies in Global Asias, Vol. 1, No. 1 (Spring), [SUB: e- journal] Optional: Berndt, Jaqueline, 2013, The Intercultural Challenge of the Mangaesque : Reorienting Manga Studies after 3/11, in id. & Bettina Kümmerling- Meibauer, eds, Manga s Cultural Crossroads, New York: Routledge, pp [Mondo]; or: Gundhild Borggren, Drawing Disaster: Manga Response to the Great Eastern Japanese Earthquake, in Anne Magnussen et al., eds, Comics and Power: Representing and Questioning Culture, Subjects and Communities, Cambridge Scholars Publ. 2015, pp [Mondo] Session 5: Fri, 5/ [EB] Minor Case or Early Mainstream Indicator? Long- Term Trends in Japans Economy Recommended readings: Krugman, Paul (1999): The Return of Depression Economics, in: Foreign Affairs, Volume 78, No. 1 (January/February 1999), pp [SUB: e- journal+mondo] Krugman, Paul (1999): Rethinking Japan, in: New York Times, 2015/10/20 ( japan/) Koo, Richard (2015): The Escape from Balance Sheet Recession and QE Trap A Hazardous Road for the World Economy, Wiley, Singapore [SUB- e- bok] Session 6: Wed, 10/ [EB] Corporate Culture, and Core Problems for J- Firms Recommended readings: Denison, D.R. /Mishra, A.K. (1995): Toward a Theory of Organizational Culture and Effectiveness, in: Organization Science, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp [SUB: e- journal +Mondo]

10 O Reilly, Charles (2008), Corporations, Culture, and Commitment: Motivation and Social Control in Organizations, California Management Review, 1/1/2008, Vol. 50, Issue 2, p [SUB: e- journal+mondo] Weick, K.E./Sutcliffe, K.M. (2007), Managing the Unexpected, San Francisco [SUB: e- bok] Session 7: Fri, 12/ [GL] Work and Family in Contemporary Japan Readings, to be specified until the beginning of the course: articles by Ross Mouer as well as topical articles from The Japan Times [SUB: e- journals] Session 8: 17/ [JB] Japan as Maternal Society Readings: Ueno, Chizuko, 2005 [1995], Collapse of Japanese Mothers, in Contemporary Japanese Thought, ed. by Richard Calichman, Columbia UP, pp [SUB: e- bok] Yoda, Tomiko, 2000, The Rise and Fall of Maternal Society: Gender, Labor, and Capital in Contemporary Japan, The South Atlantic Quarterly 99 (4), [SUB: e- journal] Session 9: 19/ [JB] Operations of Memory: Comfort Women Carol Gluck, 2007, Operations of Memory: Comfort Women and the World, in Ruptured histories: war, memory, and the post- Cold War in Asia, ed. Sheila Miyoshi Jager, Rana Mitter, Cambridge: Harvard UP, 2007, pp [Mondo] Sven Saaler, 2014, Bad war or good war? History and politics in postwar Japan, in ed. Jeff Kingston, Critical Issues in Contemporary Japan, NY: Routledge, pp [SUB: e- bok] Jaqueline Berndt, 2016, Comfort Women Comics, Multi- faceted: Revisiting the 2014 Manhwa Exhibit in Angoulême from the Perspective of Manga Studies, Proceedings from the 2016 NAJAKS Conference at Stockholm University: Japanese Studies Volume, edited by Jaqueline Berndt & Gunnar Jinmei Linder, ORIENTALISKA STUDIER, Nr 147, pp [Mondo + online]

11 Examinations, rules and student influence Examination The form of examination for the course you are following is given in the syllabus and the course description; you will find both in the course compendium and on the home page. Many courses have written examinations that are taken in an examination hall at the end of the course. Other courses have take-home examinations, oral examinations or other examination assignments. You must always register your name for a written examination in an examination hall. You do this via My studies, which you will find at mitt.su.se. That is one of the reasons it is important that you activate your university account, which you do via the same website. Take-home examinations and hand-in assignments do not require registration. Special guidelines apply to examinations and they are the same for the whole of Stockholm University. See the Rule book, Book 2 Rules for examination hall exams At a written exam in an examination hall the invigilator s instructions apply. All students are obliged to follow the rules and instructions given by the invigilator and to show a valid ID card and any material they may have brought with them. Placing: Each student must sit where there is an examination paper put out or where the invigilator indicates a seat. It is not permitted to move the examination paper. Leaving the examination hall: It is forbidden to leave the examination hall before 30 minutes after the exam has begun. Coming late: Students who come more than 30 minutes late to an examination may not take part in the exam if another student has left the examination hall. Coming late does not entitle a student to extended examination time. Personal belongings: Outer clothing and bags are to be placed where the invigilator indicates. Paper: Examination answers may only be written on the paper that is handed out. This also applies to rough drafts. Aids: At exams where aids such as dictionaries are allowed, the invigilator will check that there are no notes in the books. Ban on speaking: It is forbidden for examination candidates to speak with each other or use mobile telephones after the exam has started. This also applies to visits to the bathrooms. Breaks and bathroom visits: When an examination lasts more than five hours, there will a 30-minute break. The invigilator will indicate which bathrooms may be used and students must follow the invigilator s instructions. Handing-in: Examination candidates are forbidden to take their answer papers out of the examination hall. They must be handed personally to the invigilator.

12 Note that even a blank answer paper must be handed to the invigilator before the student leaves the room. Identification: When handing in the exam papers to the invigilator, students must show a valid ID 1. Students must also write their signature at the place marked when handing their paper in if the invigilator requires it. Cheating: Students who are suspected of cheating may continue to do the exam if they show and hand over a prohibited aid. The invigilator will offer the student a permitted aid in exchange. Any cheating and/or disturbing behaviour will be dealt with after a report from the Head of Department/Director of Studies by the University Vice-Chancellor as a disciplinary matter. Take-home examinations Just as with a written exam in an examination hall, a take-home exam must always be written independently unless otherwise specified in the course description. In most cases, take-home exams are handed in via the Mondo course portal. See the instructions in the course description. For more details about how to use sources and references in your take-home exam, see the document entitled Formal matters, using references and quotations. Special needs If you are in some way disabled, which means that you need special support and/or aids, always contact Service for disabled students (studentstod@su.se or ) in good time before the course starts. You should then contact the Director of Studies at the Department of Asian, Middle Eastern and Turkish Studies (studierektor@orient.su.se) Available assistance includes, for example, adapting rooms, course textbooks as talking books, note-taking assistance, mentor support, extended time for exams and so on. Course Evaluation After the completion of a course, as a student you have the right to express your opinions and experience of the course in the form of a course evaluation. Course evaluations are given anonymously in connection with exams or the last lesson of a course. Course evaluations are answered digitally via computer, mobile phone or the like. A link to the course evaluation is sent to your address and must normally be answered within one week. The result of the course evaluations is then available for you as a student in a file in the Student Office shortly after a course has been completed. If for some reason you have not been able to fill in a course evaluation for a course you have taken, you can get in touch with the Student Office (exp@orient.su.se). 1 Types of ID that are accepted are: a driving licence, a passport and a valid ID card. A police report that is not more than three months old showing that the candidate s ID has been stolen or lost is also accepted. Foreign IDs are also accepted, preferably a passport and ID card, provided that the ID document does not need to be translated for the candidate to be identified.

13 Formalities: source criticism and plagiarism Source criticism Remember always to be critical of the sources you use and choose them carefully. It is always important to be able to explain why you chose a certain source. Being critical of your sources is particularly important when you use information taken from the Internet. Check, for example, who wrote the information on the home page you use, why the home page has been created (e.g. for propaganda purposes). At Skolverket (The Swedish National Agency for Education) you will find some simple questions you can use to judge whether a home page is reliable. See Wikipedia is an example of a home page that is not considered a reliable source when you write an essay or a take-home exam. The reason is that voluntary contributors from all over the world have written the information found there. That means that the contents are open and free and everyone is able to add and take away information from Wikipedia. For more books on thinking critically, see for example: Pernilla Hultén, Kritiskt tänkande, Malmö: Liber Förlag, 2007 Thorsten Thurén, Källkritik, Stockholm, Liber AB, 2005 Writing an essay There are many books and online guides you can use for support when you write your essay. Even though the requirements may vary a little from one supervisor to another, there is a great deal that is common to all essay writing at the university. Stockholm University Library has a guide for essay writing: The Library also offers help in English: In Swedish there is also Att skriva en bra uppsats, Rienecker & Jörgensen (Nordli, Harald transl.) Lund: Liber Förlag, 2004 See also Olle Josephson and Arne Jarrick, Från tanke till text, en språkhandbok för uppsatsskrivande studenter, Lund: Studentlitteratur, 1996.

14 Plagiarism You may certainly study together with your student friends, but remember that examination assignments and essays are normally done independently unless otherwise indicated in the course description. When your examination assignment or your essay is to be handed in, it is important that you work independently. You are not permitted to plagiarise from a student colleague, a book or an Internet source. Plagiarism means using something that someone else has written without giving the source. Since much of what you write as a university student is based on previous research, you will need to use other sources. That is why it is very important that you are careful about where you get your information. (Read more about this under Formalities, references and quotations below. You may feel uncertain about how you should deal with plagiarism; in that case, you can always ask the teacher who runs your course. You can also look at Gothenburg University s anti-plagiarism guide: See also URKUND s Plagiarism Handbook (in Swedish): Co-operation with a number of universities in Sweden including Linköping University and Umeå University has resulted in the site Skrivguiden where you can get support for your academic writing: In many cases, it is misunderstanding that leads to suspicions of cheating, so it is extra important that you are careful always to state the sources you have used. Turnitin The Turnitin program checks all examination assignments in the form of take-home exams and essays before they are given to the teacher for correction. Turnitin is a text-matching tool that compares your information with that of other students, and with books and Internet sources. If a teacher suspects some form of cheating, she or he is obliged to report it to the Director of Studies or the equivalent at the Department of Asian, Middle Eastern and Turkish Studies, who in turn has to report the suspicion to the Disciplinary Committee at Stockholm University. It is the Disciplinary Committee that decides whether or not something is to be regarded as cheating, not the Department of Asian, Middle Eastern and Turkish Studies, which only reports a suspicion of cheating. The reason for this is to ensure that the student who is suspected of cheating will get a fair hearing.

15 Formalities: references and quotations When you write an examination assignment in the form of an essay or a take-home exam, it is important that you are careful to report the sources you have used in your work. This is done by giving references, in the form of notes and a list of sources. There are many books about the way to deal with references, both at the library and on the Internet. Below you will find a summary of some of the things that are important to bear in mind concerning references. When you write an examination assignment (a BA or MA thesis) you should also take into account what applies to your particular course. See the description of the course you are taking. References in texts, different models There are various models for dealing with references in texts. Two commonly used ones are the Harvard Model and the Oxford Model. The Harvard Model means that you refer directly in the text, while the Oxford Model means that you refer in a footnote (see the examples below). Neither of these models is right or wrong, but in your particular field there may be a tradition of using one or the other. It is important for you to be consistent in your choice of model, so that you always choose to refer in, for example, footnotes if that is what you decide on. Quotations, about the use of notes Quotations are commonly used in texts. Quoting means that you reproduce verbatim something that someone else has said or written. A quotation must always be given exactly, even if it contains spelling mistakes. After the quotation you must always state where it comes from. You do this directly afterwards, either in a footnote or in brackets, depending on the model you have chosen. If there is a spelling mistake in the quotation, you can indicate it with [sic] directly after the spelling mistake to show that that you are not the one who has made the mistake. If the spelling mistake is particularly serious, you can write [sic!]. A reference after a quotation according to the Harvard Model can look like this: A reasonable requirement for a scientific conceptual apparatus is that it is possible to use it in practice. (Persson & Sahlin, 2013:205). A reference after a quotation in the form of a footnote according to the Oxford Model can look like this: A reasonable requirement for a scientific conceptual apparatus is that it is possible to use it in practice. 2 2 Johannes Persson & Nils-Eric Sahlin. Vetenskapsteori för sanningssökare: Fri Tanke Förlag, 2013, 205.

16 Long quotations If a quotation is short, as in the examples above, it is placed directly in the text. If the quotation is a long one, it should be placed in a paragraph of its own, for example: För den franske litteratur- och kulturteoretikern Roland Barthes är det centralt att berättarinstansen skiljs ifrån författarens och berättelsens subjekt (1988). Den som talar i berättelsen är inte den som skriver i verkliga livet. Och den som skriver är inte den som är. Det finns enligt Barthes två olika sorters berättarpositioner: berättaren som personlig eller opersonlig berättarinstans. Detta motsvarar inte givet skillnaden mellan en berättare i första respektive tredje person. En berättelse kan skrivas i tredje person och ändå vara personlig. 3 or (Johansson, 2005:39). Note that the quotation above is placed in a paragraph of its own, with an empty line at the beginning and at the end, and that it has a margin on both sides. A quotation of this kind need not have quotation marks at the beginning and end. Quotations within quotations If the person you quote has in turn quoted someone else, this should be shown within single quotation marks, for example: Finally, upon reaching the attractive landscapes in Mitava, he writes: The countryside here is much prettier than Livonia, through which one would not regret to travel with his eyes half closed. 4 4 or (Lewis, 1995:57). Referring to the same author and work immediately after each other If you quote or refer to the same author and work immediately after each other, you need not rewrite the whole reference. Instead, write ibid if it also refers to the same page. If it refers to another page in the same work and by the same author, write ibid, Summary A summary is an account of an author s text in your own words. This makes it possible for you to choose what you feel is central or what you feel is most relevant for your assignment. If you insert your own opinions or suppositions, you must be very sure to indicate that. You need not use quotation marks in a summary but you must indicate the reference so that the reader can find the source. Put the reference in brackets in the text or in the form of a footnote (see above). 3 Anna Johansson. Narrativ teori och metod. Lund: Studentlitteratur, 2005, S. Mark Lewis, Modes of Historical Discourse in J.G Herder and N.M Karamzin. New York: Peter Lang Publishing Inc, 1995, Ibid means in the same place and is an abbreviation of the Latin ibidem

17 List of References/Bibliography The List of References, also called Bibliography, is the list of books and articles you have used when writing your examination assignment. The List of References must always be given at the end and if you like you can divide it into Primary and Secondary Sources, or Internet-based material, Articles, Interviews and so on if you have used such material. The List of References must be in alphabetical order according to the author s family name and may look like this: Hamori, Andras, On the Art of Medieval Arabic Literature, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. If you have used two or more books by the same author, you need not write the author s name more than once. Note that the books should be arranged chronologically. It may look like this: Mernessi, Fatima. Women and Islam. An Historical and Theological Enquiry. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers , Women s Rebellion & Islamic Memory. London and New Jersey: Zed Books Chapters in a book When you refer to a whole book, you need not give the number of pages, but if you use one chapter in an anthology, you should give the page numbers in your bibliography, for example: Lee, Peter & Ashby, Rosalyn. Progression in Historical Understanding among Students Ages 7-14, Knowing, Teaching & Learning History. National and International Perspectives, edited by Peter N. Stearns, Peter Seixas and Sam Wineburg, New York and London: New York University Press pp Articles If your source is an article, it may look like this in your bibliography: Kessy, Emanuel Thomas. The Transition from The Later Stone Age to Iron Age in Kondoa, Central Tanzania, in The African Archaeological Review. Vol. 30 No. 3 September 2013, pp Internet sources If your source is a page from the Internet, for example from a work of reference, there is often a note on how to refer to it on the same page. What distinguishes an Internet source from a printed source is that you indicate when you have read the page. Reading tips on the Internet