Department of Asian, Middle Eastern and Turkish Studies

Transkript

1 Department of Asian, Middle Eastern and Turkish Studies Theory and Method in Asian studies Second cycle, 7.5 credits Spring semester 2018

2 Contact information Staff Professor Jaqueline Berndt Phone: Professor Sonja Häussler Tel: Senior Lecturer, docent Gabriel Jonsson Tel: Senior Lecturer Ewa Machotka Phone: Doctoral student Iain Sands Tel: The Department Visiting Address Kräftriket, buildning 4 (Roslagsvägen 101:4) Stockholm Postal Address Department of Asian, Middle Eastern and Turkish Studies Stockholm University Stockholm Student Office Visiting address: Kräftriket 4a Phone: Fax: exp.asien@su.se Website Head of Department Alberto Tiscornia Phone: alberto.tiscornia@su.se Director of Studies Hanna Kritz Phone: hanna.kritz@su.se Assistant Director of Studies Johan Fresk Phone: johan.fresk@su.se

3 Kursplan för kurs på avancerad nivå Teori och metod i Asienstudier Theory and method in Asian studies 7.5 Högskolepoäng 7.5 ECTS credits Kurskod: JK0400 Gäller från: VT 2018 Fastställd: Ändrad: Institution Institutionen för Asien- Mellanöstern- och Turkietstudier Huvudområde: Fördjupning: Asiens språk och kulturer A1N - Avancerad nivå, har endast kurs/er på grundnivå som förkunskapskrav Beslut Denna kursplan är fastställd av institutionsstyrelsen för Institutionen för Asien-, Mellanöstern- och Turkietstudier , och senast reviderad Förkunskapskrav och andra villkor för tillträde till kursen Kandidatexamen i Asiens språk och kulturer eller motsvarande, inklusive ett examensarbete omfattande minst 15 hp, samt Engelska B/Engelska 6. Kursens uppläggning Provkod Benämning Högskolepoäng DK01 Teori och metod i Asienstudier 7.5 Kursens innehåll Kursens syfte är att fördjupa studentens kunskaper om relevanta teoretiska frågeställningar och den rådande akademiska debatten inom Asienstudier. Kursen lägger särskild tonvikt på relevanta metoder för tolkning och kvalitativa bedömningar inom det egna forskningsområdet. Genom interdisciplinär litteratur får studenten en metodologiska bas för studiet av Asiens språk och kulturer. I samråd med läraren skriver studenten en projektbeskrivning för ett examensarbete på avancerad nivå. Projektbeskrivningen presenteras vid ett seminarium. Förväntade studieresultat För godkänt resultat på kursen ska studenten kunna: - identifiera och återge viktiga teorier, metoder och frågeställningar inom Asienstudier och den akademiska debatten rörande Asien - visa förtrogenhet med koncepten "kultur", "Asien", "diskurs" och "orientalism" i relation till publikationer i såväl som utanför Asien Undervisning Undervisningen sker i form av föreläsningar och seminarier. Närvaro på all undervisning är obligatorisk. Undervisningen sker på engelska. Sidan 1/2

4 För mer detaljerad information hänvisas till kursbeskrivningen. Kursbeskrivningen finns tillgänglig senast en månad före kursstart. Kunskapskontroll och examination a. Kursen examineras genom tre skriftliga inlämningsuppgifter i form av en bokrecension, ett PM, och en projektbeskrivning för ett examensarbete på avancerad nivå, samt muntliga redovisningar av dessa. Principerna för sammanvägning av de enskilda examinationsuppgifterna framgår av betygskriterierna. För mer detaljerad information hänvisas till kursbeskrivningen. Kursbeskrivningen finns tillgänglig senast en månad före kursstart. b. Betygssättning sker enligt en målrelaterad sjugradig betygsskala: A = Utmärkt, B = Mycket bra, C = Bra, D = Tillfredsställande, E = Tillräckligt, Fx = Otillräckligt, F = Helt otillräckligt. c. De skriftliga betygskriterierna meddelas studenterna vid kursstart. Meddelade målrelaterade betygskriterier är bindande. d. För att få slutbetyg på hela kursen krävs lägst betyget E på samtliga examinationsuppgifter samt fullgjord närvaro om 80%. Om särskilda skäl föreligger kan examinator efter samråd med ansvarig lärare medge den studerande befrielse från skyldigheten att delta i viss obligatorisk undervisning. Studenten kan då åläggas en kompensationsuppgift. e. För varje kurstillfälle erbjuds ett examinationstillfälle under aktuell termin. Minst ett examinationstillfälle ska dessutom erbjudas den termin eller det år som kurstillfälle saknas. Studerande som fått lägst betyget E får inte genomgå förnyad examination för högre betyg. Studerande som fått betyget Fx eller F på prov två gånger i rad av en och samma examinator har rätt att få annan examinator utsedd vid nästkommande prov, om inte särskilda skäl talar emot det. Framställan om detta ska göras till institutionsstyrelsen. f. Möjlighet till komplettering av betyget Fx upp till godkänt betyg ges inte på denna kurs. För mer detaljerad information hänvisas till kursbeskrivningen. Övergångsbestämmelser När kursplanen är upphävd har studenten rätt att examineras en gång per termin enligt föreliggande kursplan under en avvecklingsperiod på tre terminer. Begränsningar Kursen får inte tillgodoräknas i examen samtidigt med sådan inom eller utom landet genomgången och godkänd kurs vars innehåll helt eller delvis överensstämmer med innehållet i kursen. Kurslitteratur För aktuell kurslitteratur hänvisas till institutionens webbplats på Aktuell litteraturlista finns tillgänglig senast två månader före kursstart. Sidan 2/2

5 Syllabus for course at advanced level Theory and method in Asian studies Teori och metod i Asienstudier 7.5 Higher Education Credits 7.5 ECTS credits Course code: JK0400 Valid from: Spring 2018 Date of approval: Changed: Department Department of Asian, Middle Eastern and Turkish Studies Main field: Specialisation: Asia:s Languages and Cultures A1N - Second cycle, has only first-cycle course/s as entry requirements Decision This syllabus was adopted by the board of the Department of Asian, Middle Eastern and Turkish Studies at Stockholm University on Prerequisites and special admittance requirements Bachelor's degree in Asian Languages and Cultures, including a degree project of at least 15 ECTS credits, or the equivalent. English B/English 6, or the equivalent. Course structure Examination code Name Higher Education Credits DK01 Theory and method in Asian studies 7.5 Course content The aim of the course is to deepen the students' knowledge of relevant theoretical questions at issue and the current debate within Asian studies. The course emphasizes relevant methods for interpretation and qualitative evaluation within the own area of research. Students study interdisciplinary literature, including academic sources in Chinese, Japanese or Korean, are about contemporary Asian culture, society, history or politics. The student produces a research proposal for a degree project on advanced level in consultation with the teacher, and the research proposal is presented at a seminar. Learning outcomes In order to pass the course, students are expected to be able to: - identify and account for important theories, methods and questions at issue within Asian studies and the academic debate regarding Asia - demonstrate knowledge of the most important academic sources in Chinese, Japanese or Korean within the own area of research Education Instruction is given in the form of seminars. Attendance at all seminars is mandatory. The language of instruction is in English. This is a translation of the Swedish original Page 1/2

6 For more detailed information, please refer to the course description. The course description is made available at least one month before the course starts. Forms of examination a. The course is examined on the basis of a research proposal for a degree project on advanced level, and an evaluation of the oral skills which are demonstrated at seminars. For more detailed information, please refer to the course description. b. Grades will be set according to a seven-point scale related to the learning objectives of the course: A = Excellent, B = Very good, C = Good, D = Satisfactory, E = Adequate, Fx = Inadequate, F = Totally Inadequate. c. Students will be informed of the written grading criteria when the course starts. d. In order to pass the course, students must receive a grade of E or higher on the case study and meet the attendance requirement 80 %. The principles for weighting individual course assignments are described in the grading criteria. Under special circumstances, the examiner may, after consulting with the coordinating teacher, grant the student an exemption from the obligation to participate in certain mandatory course elements. The student can then be assigned a compensatory assignment. e. At least one examination opportunity should be offered for each course. At least one examination opportunity should be offered during a semester when the course is not given. Students who receive the grade E or higher may not retake the examination to attain a higher grade. Students who receive the grade Fx or F twice by the same examiner are entitled to have another examiner appointed for the next examination, unless there are special reasons to the contrary. Such requests should be made to the department board. f. This course does not include any opportunities to complete a supplementary assignment in order to convert the grade Fx into a passing grade. For more detailed information, please refer to the course description. Interim When the syllabus is discontinued, students have the right to be examined according to this syllabus once per semester during a transition period of three semesters. Limitations This course may not be included in a degree together with a course, taken in Sweden or elsewhere, of identical or partially similar content. Required reading For up-to-date information about required reading, please refer to the department website at The current reading list will be made available at least one month before the course starts. This is a translation of the Swedish original Page 2/2

7 Theory and Method in Asian Studies, 7.5hp Teacher Jaqueline Berndt Phone: Course description The aim of the course is to deepen the students' knowledge of relevant theoretical questions at issue in Asian studies. The course emphasizes general concepts and discourses that are relevant for qualitative research in Asian Studies as part of the humanities. Students study interdisciplinary literature that relates to modern Asian cultures and societies, including academic sources by Chinese, Japanese or Korean scholars. The student produces a research proposal for a degree project on advanced level in consultation with the teacher, and the research proposal is presented at a seminar. Learning outcomes In order to pass the course, students are expected to be able to: identify and account for important theories, methods and questions at issue within Asian studies and the academic debate regarding Asia demonstrate knowledge of the most important academic sources in Chinese, Japanese or Korean academics within the own area of research Teaching and examination Instruction is given in the form of seminars. Attendance at all seminars is mandatory. Theory and Method in Asian Studies is examined on the basis of a research proposal for a degree project on advanced level, and an evaluation of the oral skills which are demonstrated at seminars. The principles for weighting of individual course assignments are as follows: (a) participation (attendance, preparedness,* oral contributions etc.): 40% (b) reviews/essays [submission by , MS word attachment]:** 60%

8 1st discussion paper (min words, Notions of culture ), due: 6/4 22:00 2nd discussion paper l (min words, What was/is Orientalism, and in which way is it still relevant in the 21st century? ), due: 22/4 22:00 1 research proposal (no specification of length), due: 17/5 20:00 + oral presentation during final session * preparedness = The student is able to identify the central arguments of the assigned text and summarize it accordingly. This includes: to independently obtain the digital resources which are provided by SUB (only readings unavailable in digital format will be uploaded onto the course s Athena site), to look up unfamiliar names and concepts, to gather basic information about the respective author. It includes the oral assignments for the first session (In which sense do you use the term culture in relation to your field of research?) and the last two sessions (Read each others proposals before class). ** Written assignments are to be submitted in correct English. This includes double-checking special terms online. Grading criteria A The student shows an excellent ability to identify and account for important theories, methods and questions at issue within Asian studies and the academic debate regarding Asia. She/he also demonstrates profound knowledge of the most important academic sources in Chinese, Japanese or Korean within the own area of research. B C D The student shows great ability to identify and account for important theories, methods and questions at issue within Asian studies and the academic debate regarding Asia. She/he also demonstrates thorough knowledge of the most important academic sources in Chinese, Japanese or Korean within the own area of research. The student can identify and account for important theories, methods and questions at issue within Asian studies and the academic debate regarding Asia. She/he also demonstrates knowledge of the most important academic sources in Chinese, Japanese or Korean within the own area of research. The student shows sufficient ability to identify and account for important theories, methods and questions at issue within Asian studies and the academic debate regarding Asia. She/he also demonstrates, on a superficial level, knowledge of the most

9 E important academic sources in Chinese, Japanese or Korean within the own area of research. The student can, with some deficiencies, identify and account for important theories, methods and questions at issue within Asian studies and the academic debate regarding Asia. With some inadequacies, she/he also demonstrates knowledge of the most important academic sources in Chinese, Japanese or Korean within the own area of research. There are some misunderstandings, but not so many that the student should fail the course. Fx The student lacks some of the basic knowledge that is required for obtaining the passing grade E. F The student lacks all of the basic knowledge that is required for obtaining the passing grade E. Neither of the grades Fx and F include any opportunity to complete a supplementary assignement in order to convert the grade into a passing grade. Course literature Kathryn M. Anderson-Levitt, 2012, Complicating the concept of culture, Comparative Education, 48:4, [SUB: e-journal] Simon Avenell, 2014, What is Asia for Us and Can We Be Asians? The New Asianism in Contemporary Japan, Modern Asian Studies 48, 6, [SUB: e-journal] Ali Behdad, 2010, Orientalism Matters, MFS Modern Fiction Studies, Volume 56, Number 4, Winter, pp [SUB: e-journal] Tony Bennett & John Frow, eds, The SAGE Handbook of Cultural Analysis, Introduction: Vocabularies of Culture, pp [SUB: ebok] Björkvall, A. and Karlsson, A., 2011, The materiality of discourses and the semiotics of materials: A social perspective on the meaning potentials of written texts and furniture, Semiotica, issue 187, (1) 4, Jin Suh Jirn, Orientalism s Discourse Said, Foucault and the Anxiety of Influence, EurAmerica Vol. 45, No. 2 (June), 2015, pp [Athena]. Pontus Nylen, 2017, Japanese Newspapers and Representations of Taiwan: A Discourse Analysis of the depiction of Taiwan in the Newspaper Editorials of Asahi Shimbun and Yomiuri Shimbun Between , MA thesis &pid=diva2%3A &c=1&searchType=SIMPLE&language=e

10 n&query=pontus+nylen&af=%5b%5d&aq=%5b%5b%7b%22organis ationid%22%3a%22574%22%7d%5d%5d&aq2=%5b%5b%5d%5d &aqe=%5b%5d&noofrows=50&sortorder=author_sort_asc&sortorde r2=title_sort_asc&onlyfulltext=false&sf=all Edward Said, Orientalism [1978] (SUB: different book versions available, also in Swedish) [Athena: Introduction, pp. 1-28]. Shi-xu [at SUB: xu, Shi-], 2014, Chinese Discourse Studies, Palgrave Macmillan [SUB: e-book], Introduction: De-Westernizing Discourse Analysis, pp. 1 13, Chapter 2: Discourse and Culture, primarily: pp Sun Ge, How does Asia mean?, in The Inter-Asia Cultural Studies Reader, edited by Kuan-Hsing Chen and Chua Beng Huat, Routledge 2007, pp [SUB: e-bok] Takeuchi, Yoshimi, 2005 [1960], Asia as Method, in What is modernity? Writings of Takeuchi Yoshimi, edited, translated, and with an introduction by Richard F. Calichman, New York: Columbia University Press., pp [SUB: e-bok] Ueno, Chizuko, 2005 [1995], In the Feminine Guise: A Trap of Reverse Orientalism, in Contemporary Japanese Thought, ed. by Richard Calichman, Columbia UP, pp [SUB: e-bok] Wang, Hui, 2011 [2007], The Politics of Imagining Asia, Harvard UP; chapter 1: pp [SUB: e-bok] (first printed in The Inter-Asia Cultural Studies Reader, ed. Kuan-Hsing Chen and Chua Beng Huat, Routledge 2007, pp [SUB: e-bok]. Raymond Williams, 2014 [1976], Keywords: A vocabulary of culture and society, London: HarperCollins. [Athena] Culture, pp Detailed schedule For days, dates and location, please refer to the webpage For up-to-date schedule as well as any changes to the schedule, please refer to TimeEdit 1. Introduction + Notions of Culture (1) Assignment: Be prepared to tell the class in which sense you use the term culture in relation to your field of research. 2. Notions of Culture (2) Required reading: Raymond Williams, 2014 [1976] Kathryn M. Anderson-Levitt, 2012 Tony Bennett & John Frow, eds, The SAGE Handbook of Cultural Analysis, Submission [ attachment, MS word format, NOT pdf!] of discussion paper Notions of culture

11 3. Discourse Required reading: Shi-xu [at SUB: xu, Shi-], 2014, Recommended reading: Pontus Nylen, 2017, MA thesis. Björkvall, A. and Karlsson, A., Orientalism Required reading: Edward Said, Orientalism [1978] Introduction Ueno, Chizuko, 2005 [1995] Jin Suh Jirn, 2015 Ali Behdad, 2010 Submission [ attachment, MS word format, NOT pdf!] of discussion paper on What was/is Orientalism, and in which way is it still relevant in the 21st century? 5. Asia Sun Ge, 2007 Simon Avenell, Asia as method Required reading: Takeuchi, Yoshimi, 2005 [1960] Wang, Hui, 2011 [2007] submission [ attachment, MS word format, NOT pdf!] of research proposal Assignment: Be prepared for the discussions, that is, read the respective proposals before the class! Presentations and discussion of research proposals Presentations and discussion of research proposals

12 Examinations, rules and student influence Examination The form of examination for the course you are following is given in the syllabus and the course description; you will find both in the course compendium and on the home page. Many courses have written examinations that are taken in an examination hall at the end of the course. Other courses have take-home examinations, oral examinations or other examination assignments. NB! Only students who have registered to take the examination may take it! If you show up to the examination without having registered, you may not take the exam! To register, log in to student- Ladok ( If you have any problems, contact the student expedition. Special guidelines apply to examinations and they are the same for the whole of Stockholm University. See the Rule book, Book 2 Rules for examination hall exams At a written exam in an examination hall the invigilator s instructions apply. All students are obliged to follow the rules and instructions given by the invigilator and to show a valid ID card and any material they may have brought with them. Placing: Each student must sit where there is an examination paper put out or where the invigilator indicates a seat. It is not permitted to move the examination paper. Leaving the examination hall: It is forbidden to leave the examination hall before 30 minutes after the exam has begun. Coming late: Students who come more than 30 minutes late to an examination may not take part in the exam if another student has left the examination hall. Coming late does not entitle a student to extended examination time. Personal belongings: Outer clothing and bags are to be placed where the invigilator indicates. Paper: Examination answers may only be written on the paper that is handed out. This also applies to rough drafts. Aids: At exams where aids such as dictionaries are allowed, the invigilator will check that there are no notes in the books. Ban on speaking: It is forbidden for examination candidates to speak with each other or use mobile telephones after the exam has started. This also applies to visits to the bathrooms. Breaks and bathroom visits: When an examination lasts more than five hours, there will a 30-minute break. The invigilator will indicate

13 which bathrooms may be used and students must follow the invigilator s instructions. Handing-in: Examination candidates are forbidden to take their answer papers out of the examination hall. They must be handed personally to the invigilator. Note that even a blank answer paper must be handed to the invigilator before the student leaves the room. Identification: When handing in the exam papers to the invigilator, students must show a valid ID 1. Students must also write their signature at the place marked when handing their paper in if the invigilator requires it. Cheating: Students who are suspected of cheating may continue to do the exam if they show and hand over a prohibited aid. The invigilator will offer the student a permitted aid in exchange. Any cheating and/or disturbing behaviour will be dealt with after a report from the Head of Department/Director of Studies by the University Vice-Chancellor as a disciplinary matter. Take-home examinations Just as with a written exam in an examination hall, a take-home exam must always be written independently unless otherwise specified in the course description. In most cases, take-home exams are handed in via the Athena course portal. See the instructions in the course description. For more details about how to use sources and references in your takehome exam, see the document entitled Formal matters, using references and quotations. Special needs If you are in some way disabled, which means that you need special support and/or aids, always contact Service for disabled students (studentstod@su.se or ) in good time before the course starts. You should then contact the Director of Studies at the Department of Asian, Middle Eastern and Turkish Studies (hanna.kritz@su.se for Japanese, Chinese and Korean, or martin.safstrom@su.se for Arabic and Middle Eastern studies). Available assistance includes, for example, adapting rooms, course textbooks as talking books, note-taking assistance, mentor support, extended time for exams and so on. 1 Types of ID that are accepted are: a driving licence, a passport and a valid ID card. A police report that is not more than three months old showing that the candidate s ID has been stolen or lost is also accepted. Foreign IDs are also accepted, preferably a passport and ID card, provided that the ID document does not need to be translated for the candidate to be identified.

14 Course Evaluation After the completion of a course, as a student you have the right to express your opinions and experience of the course in the form of a course evaluation. Course evaluations are given anonymously in connection with exams or the last lesson of a course. Course evaluations are answered digitally via computer, mobile phone or the like. A link to the course evaluation is sent to your address and must normally be answered within one week. The result of the course evaluations is then available for you as a student in a file in the Student Office shortly after a course has been completed. If for some reason you have not been able to fill in a course evaluation for a course you have taken, you can get in touch with the Student Office (exp.asien@su.se). Formalities: source criticism and plagiarism Source criticism Remember always to be critical of the sources you use and choose them carefully. It is always important to be able to explain why you chose a certain source. Being critical of your sources is particularly important when you use information taken from the Internet. Check, for example, who wrote the information on the home page you use, why the home page has been created (e.g. for propaganda purposes). At Skolverket (The Swedish National Agency for Education) you will find some simple questions you can use to judge whether a home page is reliable. See Wikipedia is an example of a home page that is not considered a reliable source when you write an essay or a take-home exam. The reason is that voluntary contributors from all over the world have written the information found there. That means that the contents are open and free and everyone is able to add and take away information from Wikipedia. For more books on thinking critically, see for example: Pernilla Hultén, Kritiskt tänkande, Malmö: Liber Förlag, 2007 Thorsten Thurén, Källkritik, Stockholm, Liber AB, 2005

15 Writing an essay There are many books and online guides you can use for support when you write your essay. Even though the requirements may vary a little from one supervisor to another, there is a great deal that is common to all essay writing at the university. Stockholm University Library has a guide for essay writing: The Library also offers help in English: In Swedish there is also Att skriva en bra uppsats, Rienecker & Jörgensen (Nordli, Harald transl.) Lund: Liber Förlag, 2004 See also Olle Josephson and Arne Jarrick, Från tanke till text, en språkhandbok för uppsatsskrivande studenter, Lund: Studentlitteratur, Plagiarism You may certainly study together with your student friends, but remember that examination assignments and essays are normally done independently unless otherwise indicated in the course description. When your examination assignment or your essay is to be handed in, it is important that you work independently. You are not permitted to plagiarise from a student colleague, a book or an Internet source. Plagiarism means using something that someone else has written without giving the source. Since much of what you write as a university student is based on previous research, you will need to use other sources. That is why it is very important that you are careful about where you get your information. (Read more about this under Formalities, references and quotations below. You may feel uncertain about how you should deal with plagiarism; in that case, you can always ask the teacher who runs your course. You can also look at Gothenburg University s anti-plagiarism guide: See also URKUND s Plagiarism Handbook (in Swedish): Co-operation with a number of universities in Sweden including Linköping University and Umeå University has resulted in the site Skrivguiden where you can get support for your academic writing:

16 In many cases, it is misunderstanding that leads to suspicions of cheating, so it is extra important that you are careful always to state the sources you have used. Urkund The Urkund program checks all examination assignments in the form of take-home exams and essays before they are given to the teacher for correction. Urkund is a text-matching tool that compares your information with that of other students, and with books and Internet sources. If a teacher suspects some form of cheating, she or he is obliged to report it to the Director of Studies or the equivalent at the Department of Asian, Middle Eastern and Turkish Studies, who in turn has to report the suspicion to the Disciplinary Committee at Stockholm University. It is the Disciplinary Committee that decides whether or not something is to be regarded as cheating, not the Department of Asian, Middle Eastern and Turkish Studies, which only reports a suspicion of cheating. The reason for this is to ensure that the student who is suspected of cheating will get a fair hearing. Formalities: references and quotations When you write an examination assignment in the form of an essay or a take-home exam, it is important that you are careful to report the sources you have used in your work. This is done by giving references, in the form of notes and a list of sources. There are many books about the way to deal with references, both at the library and on the Internet. Below you will find a summary of some of the things that are important to bear in mind concerning references. When you write an examination assignment (a BA or MA thesis) you should also take into account what applies to your particular course. See the description of the course you are taking. References in texts, different models There are various models for dealing with references in texts. Two commonly used ones are the Harvard Model and the Oxford Model.

17 The Harvard Model means that you refer directly in the text, while the Oxford Model means that you refer in a footnote (see the examples below). Neither of these models is right or wrong, but in your particular field there may be a tradition of using one or the other. It is important for you to be consistent in your choice of model, so that you always choose to refer in, for example, footnotes if that is what you decide on. Quotations, about the use of notes Quotations are commonly used in texts. Quoting means that you reproduce verbatim something that someone else has said or written. A quotation must always be given exactly, even if it contains spelling mistakes. After the quotation you must always state where it comes from. You do this directly afterwards, either in a footnote or in brackets, depending on the model you have chosen. If there is a spelling mistake in the quotation, you can indicate it with [sic] directly after the spelling mistake to show that that you are not the one who has made the mistake. If the spelling mistake is particularly serious, you can write [sic!]. A reference after a quotation according to the Harvard Model can look like this: A reasonable requirement for a scientific conceptual apparatus is that it is possible to use it in practice. (Persson & Sahlin, 2013:205). A reference after a quotation in the form of a footnote according to the Oxford Model can look like this: A reasonable requirement for a scientific conceptual apparatus is that it is possible to use it in practice. 2 Long quotations If a quotation is short, as in the examples above, it is placed directly in the text. If the quotation is a long one, it should be placed in a paragraph of its own, for example: För den franske litteratur- och kulturteoretikern Roland Barthes är det centralt att berättarinstansen skiljs ifrån författarens och berättelsens subjekt (1988). Den som talar i berättelsen är inte den som skriver i verkliga livet. Och den som skriver är inte den som är. Det finns enligt Barthes två olika sorters berättarpositioner: berättaren som personlig eller opersonlig berättarinstans. Detta motsvarar inte givet skillnaden mellan en berättare i första respektive tredje person. En berättelse kan 2 Johannes Persson & Nils-Eric Sahlin. Vetenskapsteori för sanningssökare: Fri Tanke Förlag, 2013, 205.

18 skrivas i tredje person och ändå vara personlig. 3 or (Johansson, 2005:39). Note that the quotation above is placed in a paragraph of its own, with an empty line at the beginning and at the end, and that it has a margin on both sides. A quotation of this kind need not have quotation marks at the beginning and end. Quotations within quotations If the person you quote has in turn quoted someone else, this should be shown within single quotation marks, for example: Finally, upon reaching the attractive landscapes in Mitava, he writes: The countryside here is much prettier than Livonia, through which one would not regret to travel with his eyes half closed. 4 4 or (Lewis, 1995:57). Referring to the same author and work immediately after each other If you quote or refer to the same author and work immediately after each other, you need not rewrite the whole reference. Instead, write ibid if it also refers to the same page. If it refers to another page in the same work and by the same author, write ibid, Summary A summary is an account of an author s text in your own words. This makes it possible for you to choose what you feel is central or what you feel is most relevant for your assignment. If you insert your own opinions or suppositions, you must be very sure to indicate that. You need not use quotation marks in a summary but you must indicate the reference so that the reader can find the source. Put the reference in brackets in the text or in the form of a footnote (see above). List of References/Bibliography The List of References, also called Bibliography, is the list of books and articles you have used when writing your examination assignment. The List of References must always be given at the end and if you like you can divide it into Primary and Secondary Sources, or Internet-based material, Articles, Interviews and so on if you have used such material. 3 Anna Johansson. Narrativ teori och metod. Lund: Studentlitteratur, 2005, S. Mark Lewis, Modes of Historical Discourse in J.G Herder and N.M Karamzin. New York: Peter Lang Publishing Inc, 1995, Ibid means in the same place and is an abbreviation of the Latin ibidem

19 The List of References must be in alphabetical order according to the author s family name and may look like this: Hamori, Andras, On the Art of Medieval Arabic Literature, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. If you have used two or more books by the same author, you need not write the author s name more than once. Note that the books should be arranged chronologically. It may look like this: Mernessi, Fatima. Women and Islam. An Historical and Theological Enquiry. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers , Women s Rebellion & Islamic Memory. London and New Jersey: Zed Books Chapters in a book When you refer to a whole book, you need not give the number of pages, but if you use one chapter in an anthology, you should give the page numbers in your bibliography, for example: Lee, Peter & Ashby, Rosalyn. Progression in Historical Understanding among Students Ages 7-14, Knowing, Teaching & Learning History. National and International Perspectives, edited by Peter N. Stearns, Peter Seixas and Sam Wineburg, New York and London: New York University Press pp Articles If your source is an article, it may look like this in your bibliography: Kessy, Emanuel Thomas. The Transition from The Later Stone Age to Iron Age in Kondoa, Central Tanzania, in The African Archaeological Review. Vol. 30 No. 3 September 2013, pp Internet sources If your source is a page from the Internet, for example from a work of reference, there is often a note on how to refer to it on the same page. What distinguishes an Internet source from a printed source is that you indicate when you have read the page. Reading tips on the Internet