Poles of excellence and innovation centres: miracle cure for European innovation? Which problems? And which remedies?

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1 Poles of excellence and innovation centres: miracle cure for European innovation? Which problems? And which remedies? Emiliano Duch Competitiveness.com 17 th November 2005 Brussels

2 Background Personally 15 years working only in cluster based competitiveness development Consulting company COMPETITIVENESS has performed more than 100 cluster competitiveness reinforcement initiatives We only work at cluster level, never for a single company Working in the UK, France, Spain, Italy, Sweden and in developing countries as well 2

3 Background Personally 15 years working only in cluster based competitiveness development Consulting company COMPETITIVENESS has performed more than 100 cluster competitiveness reinforcement initiatives We only work at cluster level, never for a single company Working in the UK, France, Spain, Italy, Sweden and in developing countries as well I am probably entitled to criticize the present cluster policies fad 3

4 Poles of excellence and innovation centers Miracle cure for European innovation? Which problems? And which remedies? 4

5 Poles of excellence and innovation centers Miracle cure for European innovation? Which problems? And which remedies? 5

6 Miracle cure for European innovation? There is more innovation in clusterised economies 6

7 Cluster sector patents more Share in cluster sector and patent applications (EU15) Patent applications to EPO per million labour force y = 2947,7x - 761,32 R 2 = 0, % 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% Share of employment in cluster sector Source: Competitiveness Ivory Tower study for EU (under development) 7

8 Miracle cure for European innovation? There is more innovation in clusterized economies But having clusters is not enough to be innovative 8

9 Many of them are not doing well LOMBARDY BRIANZA legno-arredo ASSE SEMPIONE tessile-abbigliamento VARESE elettronica SANTO STEFANO bilance e affettatrici VIGEVANO calzature LOMELLINA maglieria TREVIGLIO metalmeccanica OLGIATESE tessile-abbigliamento COMO seta CANTÙ mobili LECCO metalmeccanico GRUMELLO DEL MONTE bottoni LUMEZZANE rubinetteria-casalinghi SEBINO BERGAMASCO guarnizioni in gomma GARDONE VAL TROMPIA armi CASTELGOFFREDO calzetteria CANNETO SULL OGLIO giocattoli

10 Poles of excellence and innovation centers Miracle cure for European innovation? Which problems? And which remedies? 10

11 Problems for cluster innovation Service orientation needs leading demand conditions Internationalisation of clusters needs single market for services 11

12 Drivers of cluster innovation Company A Company B Company C Company D Joint service In the past companies reacted to increased global competition with collaborative initiatives: sharing parts of their value chains (research, logistics, ) developing common support services (training, ) 12

13 Drivers of cluster innovation Leading technology Advanced services Now innovative clusters are responding by redefining the businesses in which they compete: Incorporating leading technological innovation Adding advanced services 13

14 Drivers of cluster innovation In order to preserve a competitive edge developed clusters are changing the value chains where they used to compete: From selling trucks to renting tons/mile transportation (Franco Swedish Industrial Vehicles cluster) 14

15 From trucks to tons/km 15

16 SCANIA: from product to service Fleet Management Systems Insurance Driver Training Parts Logistics Contract Hire Customer Financing Repair and Maintenance Contracts Scania Assistance Trucks Buses Industrial and Marine Engines

17 SCANIA: from product to service Vehicle Fleet Management Systems Customer Financing Repair and Maintenance Scania Assistance Driver Training Insurance 17 Improving customers business Efficient maintenance planning Efficient fleet utilisation (ENERGY) Reduce administration time Improved safety and security Market vision

18 Infomobility for the auto sector Telematic insurance montoring in UK Pay-as-you-drive by Norwich Union IBM (Software) Celestica (Hardware) Collects data on vehicles on speed, driving style, timing,... Uses high tech components Satellite navigation systems Complex software platforms Source: 18

19 Drivers of cluster innovation In order to preserve a competitive edge developed clusters are changing the value chains where they used to compete: From selling trucks to renting tons/mile transportation (Franco Swedish Industrial Vehicles cluster) From selling fish protein (frozen) to servicing daily fresh fish ready meals (Humber Seafood cluster, UK) 19

20 Service innovation in seafood Seafood service innovation from 20

21 Service innovation in seafood Seafood service innovation from Houston (Texas) 21

22 Innovation in cluster examples QC Storage Packaging Fileting Shipping Fishing From selling fish protein (frozen) to servicing daily fresh fish ready meals (Humber Seafood cluster, UK) 22

23 Innovation in cluster examples Perishable logistics QC Storage Packaging Fileting Shipping Fishing 23

24 Innovation in cluster examples Perishable logistics QC Storage Packaging Fileting Shipping Fishing RFID technology 24

25 Service orientation needs leading demand conditions Does European clusters have the most advanced demand conditions? 25

26 From ventilation to Indoor Air Quality (Borås, SE) Energi Effektivitet SUSTAINABLE INDOOR AIR QUALITY, SIAQ Pris på Utrustning HVAC LEVERANTÖRER Prestanda på Utrustning Luftkvalitet 26

27 From ventilation to Indoor Air Quality Forskningsinstitutioner Chalmers Högskolan i Borås Kunskapsöverföringsorgan Forskningsinstitutioner -Branschforskningsinstitut Utbildningsinstitutioner Chalmers Högskolan i Borås SIFU Förvaltning -Västra Götalandsregionen -VISANU-programmet Systemleverantörer PM Luft AB - Aeolus Ventilations AB Installationsföretag Bravida AB Medin Ventilation AB Byggföretag - Vastbygg - Skanska - NCC Teknik KUNDER Kommersiella/ industriella byggnader Komponenttillverkare - ABC ventilation/boras AB -Scanfilter -Bevent Rash -Camfil Filter -Mondial filter Undersystemleverantörer - KABONA AB - Honeywell INU Control AB - IMI Indoor Climate YIT Building System AB Öman Klimatteknik VVS/Energi Konsulter - Arkitekter - Entreprenadplanering VVS Controll ÅF Bengt Dahlgren AB Serviceföretag - Bravida - Klimat Comfort Sjukhus -Västfastigheter -Borås Lasarett Skolor/offentliga byggn. - Akademiska Hus Bostäder - Bostads AB Poseidon Branschorgan - Eurovent / CECOMAF - Svensk ventilation Branscharrangemang -IKK -Pollutec- Certifieringsorgan - Eurovent - SP - Swedac Kontrollfunktioner - OVK 27

28 From ventilation to Indoor Air Quality Forskningsinstitutioner Chalmers Högskolan i Borås Kunskapsöverföringsorgan Forskningsinstitutioner -Branschforskningsinstitut Utbildningsinstitutioner Chalmers Högskolan i Borås SIFU Förvaltning -Västra Götalandsregionen -VISANU-programmet Systemleverantörer PM Luft AB - Aeolus Ventilations AB Installationsföretag Bravida AB Medin Ventilation AB Byggföretag - Vastbygg - Skanska - NCC Teknik KUNDER Kommersiella/ industriella byggnader Komponenttillverkare - ABC ventilation/boras AB -Scanfilter -Bevent Rash -Camfil Filter -Mondial filter Undersystemleverantörer - KABONA AB - Honeywell INU Control AB - IMI Indoor Climate YIT Building System AB Öman Klimatteknik VVS/Energi Konsulter - Arkitekter - Entreprenadplanering VVS Controll ÅF Bengt Dahlgren AB Serviceföretag - Bravida - Klimat Comfort Sjukhus -Västfastigheter -Borås Lasarett Skolor/offentliga byggn. - Akademiska Hus Bostäder - Bostads AB Poseidon Branschorgan - Eurovent / CECOMAF - Svensk ventilation Branscharrangemang -IKK -Pollutec- Certifieringsorgan - Eurovent - SP - Swedac Kontrollfunktioner - OVK 28

29 From ventilation to Indoor Air Quality Forskningsinstitutioner Chalmers Högskolan i Borås Kunskapsöverföringsorgan Forskningsinstitutioner -Branschforskningsinstitut Utbildningsinstitutioner Chalmers Högskolan i Borås SIFU Förvaltning -Västra Götalandsregionen -VISANU-programmet Systemleverantörer PM Luft AB - Aeolus Ventilations AB Komponenttillverkare - ABC ventilation/boras AB -Scanfilter -Bevent Rash -Camfil Filter -Mondial filter Undersystemleverantörer - KABONA AB - Honeywell INU Control AB - IMI Indoor Climate Installationsföretag Bravida AB Medin Ventilation AB YIT Building System AB Öman Klimatteknik VVS/Energi Konsulter - Arkitekter - Entreprenadplanering VVS Controll ÅF Bengt Dahlgren AB Byggföretag - Vastbygg - Skanska - NCC Teknik Skolor/offentliga byggn. Serviceföretag Bostäder KUNDER Kommersiella/ industriella byggnader Sjukhus -Västfastigheter -Borås Lasarett -Akademiska - Bravida - Bostads AB Poseidon - Klimat Comfort Hus Branschorgan - Eurovent / CECOMAF - Svensk ventilation Branscharrangemang -IKK -Pollutec- Certifieringsorgan - Eurovent - SP - Swedac Kontrollfunktioner - OVK 29

30 From ventilation to Indoor Air Quality Forskningsinstitutioner Chalmers Högskolan i Borås Kunskapsöverföringsorgan Forskningsinstitutioner -Branschforskningsinstitut Utbildningsinstitutioner Chalmers Högskolan i Borås SIFU Förvaltning -Västra Götalandsregionen -VISANU-programmet Systemleverantörer PM Luft AB - Aeolus Ventilations AB Komponenttillverkare - ABC ventilation/boras AB -Scanfilter -Bevent Rash -Camfil Filter -Mondial filter Undersystemleverantörer - KABONA AB - Honeywell INU Control AB - IMI Indoor Climate Installationsföretag Bravida AB Medin Ventilation AB YIT Building System AB Öman Klimatteknik VVS/Energi Konsulter - Arkitekter - Entreprenadplanering VVS Controll ÅF Bengt Dahlgren AB Byggföretag - Vastbygg - Skanska - NCC Teknik Skolor/offentliga byggn. Serviceföretag Bostäder KUNDER Kommersiella/ industriella byggnader Sjukhus -Västfastigheter -Borås Lasarett -Akademiska - Bravida - Bostads AB Poseidon - Klimat Comfort Hus Branschorgan - Eurovent / CECOMAF - Svensk ventilation Branscharrangemang -IKK -Pollutec- Certifieringsorgan - Eurovent - SP - Swedac Kontrollfunktioner - OVK 30

31 Problems for cluster innovation Service orientation needs leading demand conditions Internationalisation of clusters needs single market for services 31

32 Franco-Swedish Truck clusters Umea Gothenburg Blainville Gent Limoges Bourg en Bresse Villaverde 32 Source : Irisbus

33 Franco-Swedish Truck clusters European cluster sharing information PURCHASING Demand aggregation Joint procurement COLLABORATION Outsourcing coordination Collaborative product development 33

34 Collaborative Product Development Portal On-line meeting User 2 Organization 2 Project Leader Organization 1 User 1 Organization 2 34

35 European cluster linkages problems National distribution agreements for procurement Ownership in Collaborative Product Development Liability in international CPD 35

36 Poles of excellence and innovation centers Miracle cure for European innovation? Which problems? And which remedies? 36

37 Which remedies for cluster innovation EU single market for services Use clusters for strategic change Use clusters to identify key horizontal technologies 37

38 EU single market for services In developed economies clusters are moving from manufacturing value added to service value added We have achieved single market for manufactured goods, but allow national barriers to value added in services 38

39 Which remedies for cluster innovation EU single market for services Use clusters for strategic change Use clusters to identify key horizontal technologies 39

40 The strategic response Not enough with operational improvements Need to move up to more attractive and sustainable busines 40

41 Typical cluster competitiveness reinforcement initiatives 5-6 months Future challenges Vision for the future Lines of action Interviews with companies and institutions First public meeting Benchmarking trip Interviews Strategy workgroup Second public meeting Actions workgroups Third public meeting 41

42 Typical cluster based development stages Mapping REGION CLUSTERS Screen CRI CRICRI Screen CCR CRI CRICRI Screen CCR CCR Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring CRI CRICRI CCR CCR CCR CCR Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring CCR CCR Monitoring Monitoring Monitorin COMPANIES Horizontal support 1 Horizontal support 2 ---Year 1---I---Year 2---I---Year 3---I---Year 4---I 42

43 Feedback to horizontal policies investment and aid Mapping REGION CLUSTERS Screen CRI CRICRI Screen CCR CRI CRICRI Screen CCR CCR Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring CRI CRICRI CCR CCR CCR CCR Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring CCR CCR Monitoring Monitoring Monitorin COMPANIES Horizontal support 1 Horizontal support 2 ---Year 1---I---Year 2---I---Year 3---I---Year 4---I 43

44 Which remedies for cluster innovation EU single market for services Use clusters for strategic change Use clusters to identify innovation opportunities to horizontal technologies 44

45 Innovation in cluster examples From clusters as the unit for innovation analysis To value chain activities/technologies as the unit for innovation analysis Understanding value chain innovation opportunities to invest (VC) 45

46 Activities/Technology ranges European National Local 46

47 Toolmakers cluster in Celje (Slovenia) European/Global Slovenia+Munich Local Servicing Testing Tooling CAM 3D virtual reality Concept 47

48 E-payments cluster in Tallin (Estonia) European/Global Baltic Local User interface Bus/Parkin g cos. Applicatio n soft Hardware infrastructure Criptography / Secure platform Concept/ Analysis 48

49 Cluster size is not a problem No need for European clusters Only some technological innovations need larger investments than single clusters can afford 49

50 Which remedies for cluster innovation EU single market for services Use clusters for strategic change Use clusters to identify innovation opportunities to horizontal technologies 50