SLUs plattform växtförädling

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1 Inger Åhman SLUs plattform växtförädling SLUs fakultetsgemensamma ämnesområde växtförädling Juli 2014 Juni 2017 Juli 2017 Juni miljoner kr/år

2 Sveriges längsta universitet med campus på fyra ställen Umeå (S-fak, NJ-fak, VH-fak) Ultuna (NJ-fak, VH-fak, S-fak, LTV-fak) Skara (VH-fak, NJ-fak) Alnarp (LTV-fak, S-fak, VH-fak) Fakultetsförkortningar S = Skogsvetenskap NJ = Naturresurser och Jordbruksvetenskap VH = Veterinärmedicin och Husdjursvetenskap LTV = Landskapsarkitektur, Trädgårds- och Växtproduktionsvetenskap

3 Tre fakultetsgemensamma ämnesområden Växtförädling Växtskydd Odlingssystem

4 Syfte med plattformen Stärka Ett SLU genom ökat samarbete inom forskning, grundutbildning och samverkan med intressenter Dra nytta av gemensamma resurser och kompletterande kompetens Minimera risk för överlappande arbete Kraftfullt stärka SLUs profil inom växtförädling

5 SLUs växtförädlingsrelaterade verksamhet Äpple Svarta vinbär Havtorn Sortframställning Potatis Pre-breeding: vissa karaktärer i olika grödor, domesticering för nya grödor Teknikutveckling: ex. transformation, mutationer, omiker, markörer, bioinformatik Mekanismstudier: ex. biosyntes Ca. 100 forskare Vid 7 institutioner

6 Informationskällor Nyhetsbrev Uppdaterad rapport planerad 2020

7 Nya aktiviteter x 6 innovativa samarbetsprojekt à kr Forskarmöte om växtförädling mellan SLU och Wageningen University & Research (WUR) 2019 Bidra till ökat utbyte mellan campusen finansiera resa och uppehälle, även för teknisk personal

8 Uppstartsprojekten 2 om nytt växtmaterial via CRISPR/Cas9 i potatis 1 om ny metod för genomselektion 2 om mekanismer i äpple 1 genetisk variation för samspel med rotzonsbakterier i raps

9 Lowered glycoalkaloid levels in starch potatoes for a sustainable use of starch by-products Folke Sitbon (Dept. of Plant Biology, NJ-faculty) Mariette Andersson (Dept. of Plant Breeding; LTVfaculty)

10 Project outline Background: Steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGA) are neurotoxic substances present in many species of the Solanaceae family, including major crops such as potato, tomato and eggplant. For safety reasons, an upper limit of 200 mg SGA/kg f.w. is widely recommended in edible tubers. In addition, high SGA levels in side-products from starch production hamper their sustainable uses as raw materials for protein and fibre production. The project aims at characterizing SGA metabolism in Swedish starch potato cultivars, and to create a SGAless knockout line. The project will: identify key SGA genes in starch potatoes using RNA sequencing create a SGA-less knockout starch potato line using CRISPR/Cas9 evaluate costs for SGA removal during starch and protein extraction in potatoes with normal, reduced, or no SGA

11 Development and utilization of CRISPR/Cas9 technology to modulate autophagy for potato improvement Autophagy: Self-eating process from yeast to mammals Major functions: Cytoprotection Stress resistance Immunity Longevity Concept: Genetic manipulation of autophagy to improve agricultural traits in plants Collaborators: Per Hofvander & Mariette Andersson, SLU Alnarp; Daniel Hofius & Anders Hafrén, SLU Uppsala

12 Development and utilization of CRISPR/Cas9 technology to modulate autophagy for potato improvement Proof-of-concept: Autophagy stimulation in Arabidopsis Translational project: Autophagy modulation in potato Controls Autophagy Enhanced biomass Increased seed production Improved stress tolerance (Bozhkov and Hofius labs, Minina et al., 2018 & Patent with SweTree Technol.) Evaluation objectives: Altered growth and tuber yield Effect on stress tolerance Effect on pathogen resistance Collaborators: Per Hofvander & Mariette Andersson, SLU Alnarp; Daniel Hofius & Anders Hafrén, SLU Uppsala

13 Development and utilization of CRISPR/Cas9 technology to modulate autophagy for potato improvement Autophagy disruption and enhancement via CRISPR/Cas9, a precision breeding tool to generate non-gmos Technology development (Hofvander lab) Mutation by in vitro produced ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex Protoplasts for transfection using RNP Regeneration of shoots Characterization of plants Analysis of autophagy-deficient and -enhanced phenotypes (Hofius lab) Status: Recent kick-off meeting to define primary and secondary targets, i.e. autophagy-related genes ATG3 and ATG8 Collaborators: Per Hofvander & Mariette Andersson, SLU Alnarp; Daniel Hofius & Anders Hafrén, SLU Uppsala

14 Managing co-ancestry and inbreeding in genomic selection using genomic relationship matrix Harry Wu (S), Rodomiro Ortiz (LTV), Henrik Hallingbäck (NJ) Genomic selection (GS) outline GS may circumvent the need for extensive progeny testing and phenotyping GS may therefore save costs, time and enhance selection intensity and genetic gain But the buildup of co-ancestry and inbreeding may be faster with GS than for traditional breeding For outcrossing species this may have severe consequences due to inbreeding depression and depleted genetic variation.

15 Managing co-ancestry and inbreeding in genomic selection using genomic relationship matrix Harry Wu, Rodomiro Ortiz, Henrik Hallingbäck Pairwise individual genomic relationship matrix Aim: Explore how a marker-based genomic relationship matrix could be used to optimize short- and long-term genetic gains under control of co-ancestry Finite locus allele simulations (Metagene) will be used to investigate different scenarios and strategies. Genome architectures from two contrasting species, Maize and Norway spruce, will be mimicked by simulation. Progress: Relevant literature is reviewed in order to compare the two species and to set up relevant simulation scenarios. Hallingbäck et al. (2016). GCB Bioenergy 8(3):

16 Resistance to Neonectria ditissima in apple: coming closer to understanding the specific mechanisms through micrometabolic profiling Larisa Gustavsson (LTV/PB), Kerstin Dalman (NJ/MS), Malin Elfstrand (S/FMP) Aim: to establish and validate a protocol for micrometabolic profiling in apple under N. ditissima attack

17 First outcomes: A) Inoculations with wild type of N. ditissima under controlled conditions and disease establishment B) Successful GFP transformation of N. ditissima fungus (in collaboration with H. Vèléz). Verification of pathogenicity in progress C) First microscopy experiments to localize the pathogen and observe the formation of protective barrier with the aim of high precision sampling for micrometabolomics A B C Light microscopy of fresh sections from inoculated twigs 100 days after infection for cultivar Santana (A) and Aroma (B). SEM analysis for cultivar Katja (8 days after inoculation). Arrows are pointing at hyphae.

18 Molecular analysis of temperature mediated control of growth cessation in apple Rishikesh Bhalerao (S) and Li-Hua Zhu (LTV)

19 The annual growth cycle in hybrid aspen compared to in apple Active growth (Reactivation/ Bud break) Short days Low temperature Warm temperature Dormancy release Bud set Growth cessation Short days Low temperature Chilling Dormancy

20 Key questions to be addressed in the project What is the molecular basis of low temperature mediated control of growth cessation in apple? 1. Is low temperature-mediated downregulation of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) required for growth cessation in apple? 2. Is ABA signalling a target of low temperature signal in either growth cessation and/or dormancy induction in apple? To address : 1. FT expression will be overexpressed by transformation 2. A dominant negative allele of ABI1 protein phosphatase will be transformed which will render apple plants insensitive to ABA. We will then subject wild type controls and FT overexpressors and ABA insensitive plants to low temperature and observe growth cessation response.

21 Identification of root traits that support rhizobacterial mediated growth stimulation and stress tolerance of oil crops Johan Meijer, Dept Plant Biology (NJ) & Thomas Moritz, Dept Forest Genetics Plant Physiology (S) Aim To identify factors that favor colonization of PGPR on the root that result in improved growth and stress management by Brassica oil crops. Bacillus strains can serve as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and prime resistance to pathogens or tolerance to abiotic stress. However, requirements for root colonization, growth promotion and improved stress management are largely unknown. Further, knowledge of traits that control root growth is poor. Identification of markers for genotypes with high root development potential would be a powerful tool for prebreeding. This project screens oilseed rape cultivars to identify variation in root colonization and plant performance by the beneficial bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens UCMB5113. Spring varieties are currently screened and winter varieties will be screened during fall. Root colonization and root architecture is analyzed. Effects on growth and stress (drought, frost) management are measured and metabolomics analysis of root exudates performed. Multivariate analysis is used to highlight drivers of bacterial colonization and effects on plant growth and stress tolerance. Identification of contrasting genotypes can be used for future analysis of the genetic basis of root plasticity and interaction with beneficial microbes.

22 The end!

23 Strategin Tyngdpunkt på stöd till yngre forskare vid SLU via kurser, post doc-projekt och en studieresa till Kina Hjälp från seniora forskare/lärare för planering och översikter, med grupprepresentanter från de tre fakulteterna Bidra till ökat utbyte mellan campusen variera plats för kurser, workshops och styrgruppsmöten finansiera resa och uppehälle