Problemsubstanser i det kommunala avloppsvattnet

Transkript

1 Problemsubstanser i det kommunala avloppsvattnet Anna Ledin professor på Danmarks Tekniske Universitet i Köpenhamn och huvudsekreterare på forskningsrådet Formas

2 Problemet

3 Problemet

4 Problemet

5 Problemet

6 NANO-SATSING: Ortodent utvider sitt varesortiment med tannbørster med antibakterielle nanopartikler. Foto: Ortodent / Montasje: TU Problemet

7 Problemet Samsungs Silver Wash vasker tøyet ved hjelp av bakteriedrepende sølvpartikler. (Foto: Samsung)

8 Problemet

9 Akut toxicitet Problemet

10 Grodor byter kön Publicerat i SvD nätbilaga: 22 februari 2007, 18:38 Med östrogen i vattnet blev det inga hangrodor. Ynglen fick äggstockar i stället för testiklar. En studie vid Uppsala universitet visar vilka drastiska effekter utsläppen från reningsverken kan få. Miljögifter i vissa bekämpningsmedel och plaster har samma verkan. Problemet

11 Niels Erik Skakkebæk, Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet: Men in industrial countries make fewer sperm cells than before and suffer from testicular cancer more frequently. Why? We came up with the hypothesis that chemicals, acting as hormone disrupters can be found everywhere in the environment and are suspected to harm the sexual development of a male fetus. Sometimes these chemicals act like female hormones. In other cases they inhibit the function of the male hormones. Problemet

12 ? Vad ska vi prioritera först? Vilka ämnen? Vilka produkter? Vilka aktiviteter? Forskningsfrågor

13 ? Hur ska spridningen till miljön moniteras? Vilka kvantiteter är det? Vilka risker finns det? Vad vill och kan vi uppnå? Forskningsfrågor

14 ? Hur ska spridningen till miljön begränsas? Vilka åtgärder ska implementeras? Forskningsfrågor

15 Vilka ämnen handlar det om? Substance CAS# Major use/function Anthracene Intermediate (lower PAH) Atrazine Pesticide, triazine Benzene Intermediate Benzo(a)pyrene Combustion product (higher PAH) C10-13 chloroalkanes Flame-retardant/metal working fluid Cadmium and its compounds Metal. Wide variety of functions Chlorpyrifos Pesticide, organophosphate DEHP Softener Diuron Pesticide, urea Endosulfan (thiosulfan) Pesticide, cyclodiene organochlorine Endrin Pesticide Hexachlorobenzene Impurity/by-product Hexachlorobutadiene Impurity/by-product Hexachlorocyclohexane Pesticide, cyclodiene organochlorine Lead and its compounds Metal. Wide variety of functions Mercury and its compounds Metal. Wide variety of functions Methylenchloride Solvent, chlorinated methane Nickel and its compounds Metal. Wide variety of functions Nonylphenol Intermediate para,para'-ddt Pesticide Pentabromobiphenylether Flame-retardant Pentachlorobenzene Impurity/by-product Tetraethyl lead Alkyllead antiknocking agent Tributyltin compounds Pesticide/stabilizer in plastics Trichloroethylene Solvent, chlorinated ethane Trifluralin Pesticide, selective soil herbicide Exempel på ämnen på listan för Ramdirektivet för vatten Vilka ämnen?

16 ScorePP Source Control Options for Reducing Emissions of Priority Pollutants (EU 6th Framework program) The SCOREPP project aims to develop comprehensive source control strategies that authorities and industry can use to reduce emissions of priority pollutants (PPs) from urban areas into receiving waters, with a focus the priority substances identified in the Water Framework Directive. Participants: DTU, MU, UGent, MF, Envicat, AR, UL, Estudis, ModelEAU Pågående projekt

17 Vilka ämnen handlar det om? Parabens Bisphenol A p-nonylphenol Sunscreens Phthalates Exempel på hormonstörande ämnen Vilka ämnen?

18 Dan-Ed Danish network for Endocrine Disrupters (Danish Research Council) Dan-Ed project, which is a synthesis project of all fields of research on endocrine disruption in Denmark. The DTU part of the project is focused on the fate of known endocrine disruption compounds in wastewater treatment and possible improvements of the treatment. Parabens p-nonylphenol Sunscreens Bisphenol A Phthalates Participants: DTU, Rigshospitalet, DFI, AaU, Pågående projekt

19 Vilka ämnen handlar det om? Exempel läkemedel Vilka ämnen?

20 MistraPharma Identification and reduction of environmental risks caused by the use of human pharmaceuticals (Mistra) The main objectives are: - To identify high risk active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) - To improve wastewater technologies with focus on APIs - To improve risk identification strategies Participants: KTH, GU, UmU, LU, UU, SU, DTU Pågående projekt

21 Vilka ämnen handlar det om? Exempel på industriutsläpp Vilka ämnen?

22 ReVAQ Oönskade organiska ämnen Hur kan vi reducerar deras närvaro i slam? (ReVAQ) The main objectives are: - To identify priority pollutants - To suggest compounds that should be substituted in the industries Participants: DTU, Eslöv municipality Pågående projekt

23 Vad och hur ska vi mäta? Kemiska analyser Ekotoxikologiska test Ekologiska mätningar Var ska vi ta proverna? När ska vi ta proverna? Hur ofta?, etc, etc Hur mycket sprids till miljön? Är det farligt?

24 Vilka åtgärder ska vi sätta in? Import of pure chemicals Import of 4- hydroxybenzoic acids, its salts and esters National production of pure chemicals 0 Export of pure chemicals Export of 4- hydroxybenzoic acids, its salts and esters 159 Import of parabens in commodities Personal and pet care products Pharmaceuticals and veterinary medicine products:? Food products Snacks Filled chocolate < Meat < Seasoning <0.1 Food supplements 0.3 Domestic and industrial commodities Paint 1 Household cleaners (9-33) Use of parabens in national industry and business Production of food supplements 0.2 Paint etc production 3.1 Household cleaners (9-32) Filled chocolate < Fish spread <0.1 Production of domestic paraben containing commodities Industrial commodities (SPIN) Personal and pet care products Pharmaceuticals Veterinary medicine products 0.1 Spray paint <0.1 Finger paint, modelling clay, sticky toys 0.3 Tissue <0.1 Artificial blood in role-playing <0.1 Discharge via grey wastewater ( ), urine from pharmaceuticals , solid waste (3.4) and soil from veterinary medicines (< ) as well as point sources (cosmetics industries and similar) Export of parabens in commodities Personal and pet care products 2-76 Pharmaceuticals and veterinary medicine products:? Food products Snacks 0.3 Filled chocolate < Meat Food supplements 0.1 Domestic and industrial commodities Paint 1.3 Household cleaners (26-92) Overview of the flow of parabens in the Danish society for the year 2004 (in tonnes) Hur sker spridningen till miljön?

25 Vilka åtgärder ska vi sätta in? Rena eller sortera vid källan???? Vad är bäst för samhället och miljön?