THE SWEDISH EXPERIENCE. Stefan Einarsson

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1 THE SWEDISH EXPERIENCE

2 Swedish nonprofit sector Associations dominate foundations in the margin The popular movement marinade Membership dominated Voice is better than service Heavily organized and structured

3 The popular movement marinade Democracy Openness Membership Joint action Broad popular support

4 The important Swedish membership million memberships in a population of 8 million 96% of all inhabitants in Sweden has at least one membership Average of almost 4 memberships Active vs Passive members

5 Memberships in 200 organizations Freechurces and sobrierty movement Memberships 1985 Memberships 1992 Memberships 1998 Development % Sports % Culture & recreation % Labor unions % Identity & interest % Economy & ownership % Other % TOTAL % Wijkström 2001

6 The Swedish Non-Profit Sector 2002 ICNPO area Number of employees Share of sector Culture and recreation % Social welfare % Research & education % Religion % Labor market % Politics & identity % Regional development & housing % Health care % Environment ,5 % International activities ,5 % Philantropy 500 0,5 % Other 00 0,5 % TOTAL % Wijkström & Einarsson 2004

7 The Swedish Non-Profit Sector 2002 ICNPO area Number of employees Share of sector Change since 1992 Culture and recreation % Social welfare % Research & education % Religion % +200 Labor market % Politics & identity % -700 Regional development & housing % Health care % +800 Environment ,5 % -400 International activities ,5 % -300 Philantropy 500 0,5 % -400 Other 600 0,5 % -400 TOTAL % Wijkström & Einarsson 2004

8 Three roles of the swedish nonprofit sector Voice regulation / identity Service Financing

9 Revenues by ICNPO 1992 Revenue source Percentage Government 29 % Own income 60 % Gifts 11 % TOTAL 6.6 billion euro Wijkström & Lundström 2002

10 BREAK

11 Four ways to view the nonprofit sector Autonomy from the state Free-standing organizations Actors on a market Intergrated with the state Integrated popular movements Semi public administration Existence Activity Wijkström, Einarsson & Larsson 2004

12 Type of work within the organizations Paid full-time Voluntary full-time By members By volunteers Wijkström & Einarsson 2004

13 Organization of the non-profit work force Formal organizational distance Volunteer work Hired consultants Formal organisational closeness Member activities Paid work Non-paid work Paid work Wijkström & Einarsson 2004

14 Organization of the non-profit work force Formal organizational distance Volunteer work Hired consultants Formal organisational closeness Member activities Paid work Non-paid work Paid work Wijkström & Einarsson 2004

15 Organization of the non-profit work force Formal organizational distance Volunteer work Hired consultants Formal organisational closeness Member activities Paid work Non-paid work Paid work Wijkström & Einarsson 2004

16 Different organizational forms are used for different functions Associations Voice production Foundations Service production Financing

17 From open to closed? Decisions are moved from the associations to the companies Control are moved outside the organizations Increase of employees and volunteers Business paradigm Directly or through government Civil society as checks and balances Government and business Voice or service

18 CANCERFÄLTET

19 Agenda 1. Cancerfältet 2. Två bilder av Cancerfonden 3. Framtid

20 Prostatacancerförbundet Blodcancerförbundet Bröstcancerförbundet Barncancerfonden Gynsam Cancer- och Trafikskadades Riksförbund Laryngförbundet Radiumhemmets forskningsfonder CancerCentrum Karolinska Sjuksköterskor i Cancervård Föreningar Kungsljuset ILCO Cancer- och Allergifonden Cancerfonden 270 stycken Bräcke diakoni Stiftelsen Stockholms Sjukhem Vidarkliniken Fristående stiftelser Ersta diakonisällskap

21 CANCERFÄLTET I SIFFROR

22 CANCERFÄLTET I SIFFROR 50% allmänheten 40% förvaltning Cancerfältet 377 organisationer 5,800 miljoner 68% Finansiering 7% Röst 5% Service Bortfall 85 stycken (20%; förväntat 10%; dessa är i kategorin små, förväntat kapital ca 150 mkr (2,5% av fältet) Ideella föreningar 85 organisationer 2,900 miljoner Stiftelser 292 organisationer 2,900 miljoner 64% allmänheten 26% förvaltning 70% Finansiering 9% Röst 2% Service 26% allmänheten 64% förvaltning 62% Finansiering 0% Röst 17% Service Patientföreningar 28% allmänheten 54% förvaltning 82 organisationer 101 miljoner 54% Finansiering 17% Röst 7% Service Insamlingsorganisationer 70% allmänheten 21% förvaltning 10 organisationer 2,800 miljoner 72% Finansiering 9% Röst 1% Service Förvaltningsorganisationer 26% allmänheten 64% förvaltning 292 organisationer 2,900 miljoner 62% Finansiering 0% Röst 17% Service

23 10 största insamlingsorganisationerna Namn Gifts Total income Cancerfonden 31 million 444 million Cancer- och allergifonden 61 million 63 million Cancer- och trafikskadades Riksförbund 45 million 52 million Barncancerfonden 42 million 70 million Riksföreningen Cancerhjälpen 10 million 10 million Allmänna sjukhuset i Malmös stiftelse för bekämpande av cancer 8 million 11 million Riksföreningen för cancersjuka, CURO 7 million 13 million Stiftelsen Jubileumsklinikens forskningsfond mot cancer 5 million 10 million Cancerföreningen i Stockholm 5 million 60 million Insamlingsstiftelsen Lion cancerforskningsfond 4 million 4 million

24 TVÅ BILDER AV CANCERFONDEN

25 Resource Mobilization Theory

26 Resource mobilization theory Conscious Beneficiary Isolated Close Isolated Close Stödjare Giver distanced Acitivist Passive member Active member Adherant Supporter Passive member

27 Resource mobilization theory Classic Social Movement Organization Focusing on beneficiaries Many givers within the organization Many are close to the organization Professional Social Movement Organization Focusing on conscious beneficiaries Few supporters, many employees Many are isolated from the organizations Lefitimacy problems, weak social infrastructures

28 Cancerfondens historia Professionell Social Movement Organization Imported idea from USA Adapted to popular movement tradition through principal structure Gave: Legitimacy Access to social infrastructure Popular movement charity?

29 Doubly isolated conscious givers Doubly isolated conscious givers Space between givers and beneficiaries Time between research and care Cnscious givers illojal toward organization No face-to-face connection Often support competing organizations Instable flow of resources

30 Balancing the interests of the financiers versus the interests of the principals Tax law FRII SFI Norms, laws External financiers Market Competition Visibility Rules Organisation Resources Good research Interpreter Broker Power Funds/service Observers Legitimacy Principals Beneficiaries Scientific council Researchers

31 FRAMTID?

32 Venture Philanthropy Techniques and models from Venture Capital Investor active Dot.com boom Fokus on performanse Willingness to switch organizations Capacity building Time horizon 5-7 years

33 Donor Advised Funds Donator gives to organization that creates fund in name of donor Organizaiton takes care of administration Donor decides where money goes

34 Social Return on Investments Giving as investment, SROI Stakeholder model Effects are measured and translated into monetary values

35 SAMMANFATTNING

36 Sammanfattning Professional Social Movement Organization Dubbelt isolerade samvetsanhängare Baserad på anställda Legitimitetsproblem, svaga sociala infrastrukturer Huvudmannagruppen Folkrörelsevälgörenhet Tolk och mäklare mellan givare och forskare Venture Philanthropy Donor Advised Funds Social Return on Investments

37 What have we talked about? Pattern recognition and pattern creation Nonprofit Family Business State Travel diffusion translation Countries are different Travel diffusion translation Organizational forms are different Sectors and countries change over time Think ahead think strategically!