Department of Asian, Middle Eastern and Turkish Studies

Department of Asian, Middle Eastern and Turkish Studies Middle Eastern Studies: Sources Second cycle, 7.5 credits Autumn semester 2018

Contact information Staff Professor Elie Wardini Phone: 08-16 23 23 elie.wardini@su.se Professor Hans-Ingvar Roth Phone: 08-16 39 70 hansi.roth@su.se Professor Jenny White Phone: 08-16 21 99 jenny.white@su.se Affiliated professor Noha Mellor noha.mellor@su.se Senior lecturer Astrid Ottosson al-bitar Phone: 08-16 15 31 astrid.ottosson_al-bitar@su.se Senior lecturer Tania al Saadi Phone: 08-16 20 41 tania.al.saadi@su.se Senior lecturer Isa Blumi Phone: 08-16 25 12 isa.blumi@su.se Lecturer Samim Elias Phone: 08-16 13 95 samim.elias@su.se Doctoral Student Erik Sundblad Phone: 08-16 28 99 erik.sundblad@su.se Teaching assistant Mary Zaia Phone: 08-16 20 79 mary.zaia@su.se The Department Visiting Address Kräftriket, buildning 4 (Roslagsvägen 101:4) Stockholm Postal Address Department of Asian, Middle Eastern and Turkish Studies Stockholm University 106 91 Stockholm Student Office Visiting address: Kräftriket 4a Phone: 08-16 10 35 Fax: 08-16 88 10 exp.asien@su.se Website www.su.se/asia/english Head of Department Alberto Tiscornia Phone: 08-16 49 29 alberto.tiscornia@su.se Director of Studies (on leave) Martin Säfström Phone: 08-16 29 43 martin.safstrom@su.se Acting Director of Studies Johan Fresk Phone: 08-16 36 20 johan.fresk@su.se

Kursplan för kurs på avancerad nivå Mellanösternstudier: Källor Middle Eastern Studies: Sources 7.5 Högskolepoäng 7.5 ECTS credits Kurskod: ABMSOU Gäller från: HT 2015 Fastställd: 2015-02-25 Institution Institutionen för Asien- Mellanöstern- och Turkietstudier Huvudområde: Fördjupning: Mellanösterns språk och kulturer A1N - Avancerad nivå, har endast kurs/er på grundnivå som förkunskapskrav Beslut Kursplanen är fastställd av Humanistiska fakultetsnämnden 2015-02-25. Förkunskapskrav och andra villkor för tillträde till kursen Kandidatexamen inom huvudområdet Mellanösterns språk och kulturer, eller motsvarande, samt Engelska B/Engelska 6. Kursens uppläggning Provkod Benämning Högskolepoäng ABS0 Mellanösternstudier: Källor 7.5 Kursens innehåll Denna kurs behandlar ett specifikt och aktuellt tema relaterat till Mellanöstern- och Nordafrikas samtida samhällsliv. Kursen ger en historisk översikt över temat och en fördjupning i den vetenskapliga såväl som icke-vetenskapliga diskursen kring detsamma. Temat och dess diskurs studeras primärt genom inläsning och analys av ett antal, för temat centrala, förstahandskällor från Mellanöstern och Nordafrika. Texterna studeras i översättning och med hjälp av relevant vetenskaplig teoretisk litteratur. Förväntade studieresultat Efter genomgången kurs ska studenten kunna: Visa kunskap om ett för kursen valt tema. Visa insikt om den vetenskapliga, såväl som icke-vetenskapliga, diskursen kring temat. Visa förmåga att på ett kritiskt och självständigt sätt analysera temat med hjälp av förstahandskällor och relevant vetenskaplig litteratur. Undervisning Undervisningen består av föreläsningar och seminarier. Undervisningen sker på engelska. För mer detaljerad information hänvisas till kursbeskrivningen. Kunskapskontroll och examination Sidan 1/2

a. Kursen examineras genom en skriftlig inlämningsuppgift. b. Betygssättning sker enligt en målrelaterad sjugradig betygsskala: A = Utmärkt, B = Mycket bra, C = Bra, D = Tillfredsställande, E = Tillräckligt, Fx = Otillräckligt, F = Helt otillräckligt. c. De skriftliga betygskriterierna meddelas studenterna vid kursstart. d. För att få slutbetyg på kursen krävs lägst betyget E på den skriftliga inlämningsuppgiften. e. För varje kurstillfälle ska minst två examinationstillfällen finnas under aktuell termin. Minst ett examinationstillfälle ska dessutom erbjudas den termin eller det år som kurstillfälle saknas. Studerande som fått betyget Fx eller F på prov två gånger i rad av en och samma examinator har rätt att få annan examinator utsedd vid nästkommande prov, om inte särskilda skäl talar emot det. Framställan om detta ska göras till institutionsstyrelsen. Studerande som fått lägst betyget E på prov får inte genomgå förnyat prov för högre betyg. f. Möjlighet till komplettering av betyg Fx upp till godkänt betyg ges inte på denna kurs. Övergångsbestämmelser När kursplanen är upphävd har studenten rätt att examineras en gång per termin enligt föreliggande kursplan under en avvecklingsperiod på tre terminer. Begränsningar Kursen får inte tillgodoräknas i examen samtidigt med sådan inom eller utom landet genomgången och godkänd kurs, vars innehåll helt eller delvis överensstämmer med innehållet i kursen. Kurslitteratur För aktuell kurslitteratur hänvisas till ämnets webbsida på www.orient.su.se Aktuell litteraturlista finns tillgänglig senast en månad före kursstart. Sidan 2/2

Syllabus for course at advanced level Middle Eastern Studies: Sources Mellanösternstudier: Källor 7.5 Higher Education Credits 7.5 ECTS credits Course code: ABMSOU Valid from: Autumn 2015 Date of approval: 2015-02-25 Department Department of Asian, Middle Eastern and Turkish Studies Main field: Specialisation: Mellanösterns språk och kulturer A1N - Second cycle, has only first-cycle course/s as entry requirements Decision This syllabus was adopted by the Faculty Board of Humanities 2015-02-25. Prerequisites and special admittance requirements Bachelor's degree in the main field of studies Middle Eastern Studies, or equivalent and English B/English 6. Course structure Examination code Name Higher Education Credits ABS0 Middle Eastern Studies: Sources 7.5 Course content This course addresses a specific and upp to date theme related to the contemporary societies of the Middle East and North Africa. The course gives a historical overview of the theme and a closer look at the scientific as well as non-scientific discourse on the theme. The theme and it's discourse is studied primarily by reading and analysis of a number of sources, central to the them and from the Middle East and North Africa. The texts are studied in translation and by using relevant scientific theoretical literature. Learning outcomes In order to pass the course, students are expected to be able to: Show knowledge about a theme chosen for the course Show knowledge about the scientific, as well as non-scientific, discourse in the theme. Show ability to, in a critical and independent way, analyse the theme by using first hand sources and relevant scientific literature. Education Instruction is given in the form of lectures and seminars. The language of instruction is English. For more detailed information, please refer to the course description. Forms of examination a. The course is examined on the basis of a written assignment. b. Grades will be set according to a seven point scale related to the learning objectives of the course: A = Excellent B= Very good C = Good This is a translation of the Swedish original Page 1/2

D = Satisfactory E = Adequate Fx = Inadequate F = Totally Inadequate c. Students will be informed of the written grading criteria when the course starts. d. In order to pass the course, students must receive a grade of E or higher on the written assignment. e. At least two examination opportunities should be offered for each course. At least one examination opportunity should be offered during a semester when the course is not given. Students who receive the grade Fx or F twice by the same examiner are entitled to have another examiner appointed for the next examination, unless there are special reasons to the contrary. Such requests should be made to the department board. Students who receive the grade E or higher may not retake the examination to attain a higher grade. f. This course does not include any opportunities to complete a supplementary assignment in order to convert the grade Fx into a passing grade. Interim When the syllabus is discontinued, students have the right to be examined according to this syllabus once per semester during a transition period of three semesters. Limitations This course may not be included in a degree together with a course, taken in Sweden or elsewhere, of identical or partially similar content. Required reading For up-to-date information about required reading, please refer to the department website at www.su.se/asia. The current reading list will be made available at least two months before the course starts. This is a translation of the Swedish original Page 2/2

Middle Eastern Studies: Sources, 7.5 credits Teacher Isa Blumi [isa.blumi@su.se] Phone: 08-16 25 12 Course contents Surveys the main political, social, economic, and intellectual currents of the Middle East since the rise of the Ottoman Empire by way of different sources scholars consult using studying the Middle East. By exploring each week a new type of source, emphasis throughout the course will remain on discovering new insights into the region. These different sources, explored by anthropologists, sociologists and historians will provide historical background to current problems in the region. Through the innovative use of primary resources, students will learn how to explore in new ways imperialism, nationalism, religion, Orientalism, women, class formation, oil, the Arab-Israeli crisis, the role of the environment, political Islam and the Arab Spring. Learning outcomes In order to pass the course, students are expected to be able to: have knowledge of the central issues in the various disciplines as to how to access hitherto unknown sources in Middle East history, social, cultural, political and economic life. This will lead to knowledge of the debates around the study of the Middle East region taking an interdisciplinary perspective, including political economic, historical and anthropological. understand the meaning of the central concepts and theories used to study the Modern Middle East, drawn from sociology, political science, anthropology and history. be able to identify important topics in classical as well as modern scholarship in Middle Eastern Studies. become familiar with the theoretical debates surrounding the use of various sources and thus demonstrate ability to do a comparative analysis of the social, cultural, political, and economic forces contributing to events in the region. demonstrate ability to navigate the problematic stereotypes about the Middle East and its inhabitants by the use of various indigenous sources.

Teaching and examination Readings should be done for each class. Each class will consist of a lecture (45 minutes), a break (15 minutes) and general discussion (2 hours with another 15-minute break). The discussion(s) will be started by one or several students, who will present the week s readings in the form of a critique of assigned material. The exact way that this will be organized, depends on the participants and their number but it should aim to engage the scholarship covered throughout the seminar and lead the rest of the participants to engage in debate around the quality of analysis around the type of sources discussed in the assigned readings. The student s performance in the course is examined by her/his submission of two essay assignments. The assigned papers should be no less than 5 pages, double-spaced, each. Students will write on a particular week s readings (chosen after consulting with the instructor), with one cover a week with two assigned books. The student will write these two essays comparing and contrasting the different approaches the author(s) use(s) to analyze the Middle East through their sources. A thoughtful investigation into different methods using different sources necessarily means the student should liberally cite other readings drawn from other weeks as well. The grading on the course will be based on the essay assignments, but to pass the student must attend 80% of the lessons and actively participate in the seminars. Formalia About 10 pages (2.0 line spacing), 2x. Grading criteria A The student has shown a very good ability to, independently and in a critical way, analyse relevant examples of regional studies and theoretical and methodological standpoints in relation to these, with a special focus on assigned materials that deal with developments in the Middle East and North Africa The student has shown a very good knowledge of the distinctive aspects of studies covering different themes in Middle Eastern history and has demonstrated a very good ability to, independently and critically, relate to the methodological concerns relevant for the study of the region. The student has demonstrated a very good knowledge of how the most common social scientific methods are applied in the study of the region s history as well as the challenges this can entail and about the current discussions around the value of knowledge of language, history and culture as a basis of regional studies.

B The student has shown a good ability to, independently and in a critical way, analyse relevant examples of regional studies and theoretical and methodological standpoints in relation to these, with a special focus on assigned materials that deal with developments in the Middle East and North Africa The student has shown a good knowledge of the distinctive aspects of studies covering different themes in Middle Eastern history and has demonstrated a very good ability to, independently and critically, relate to the methodological concerns relevant for the study of the region. The student has demonstrated a good knowledge of how the most common social scientific methods are applied in the study of the region s history as well as the challenges this can entail and about the current discussions around the value of knowledge of language, history and culture as a basis of regional studies. C The student has shown an ability to, independently and in a critical way, analyse relevant examples of regional studies and theoretical and methodological standpoints in relation to these, with a special focus on assigned materials that deal with developments in the Middle East and North Africa The student has shown knowledge of the distinctive aspects of studies covering different themes in Middle Eastern history and has demonstrated a very good ability to, independently and critically, relate to the methodological concerns relevant for the study of the region. The student has demonstrated knowledge of how the most common social scientific methods are applied in the study of the region s history as well as the challenges this can entail and about the current discussions around the value of knowledge of language, history and culture as a basis of regional studies. D The student has shown an ability to, independently and in a critical way, analyse relevant examples of regional studies and theoretical and methodological standpoints in relation to these, with a special focus on assigned materials that deal with developments in the Middle East and North Africa The student has shown knowledge of the distinctive aspects of studies covering different themes in Middle Eastern history and has demonstrated a very good ability to, independently and critically, relate to the methodological concerns relevant for the study of the region.

The student has demonstrated knowledge of how the most common social scientific methods are applied in the study of the region s history as well as the challenges this can entail and about the current discussions around the value of knowledge of language, history and culture as a basis of regional studies. The students fulfils the criteria above, but in a somewhat superficial way and/or with some minor flaws as to his or her ability to work independently and/or in a critical way E The student has shown an ability to, independently and in a critical way, analyse relevant examples of regional studies and theoretical and methodological standpoints in relation to these, with a special focus on assigned materials that deal with developments in the Middle East and North Africa The student has shown knowledge of the distinctive aspects of studies covering different themes in Middle Eastern history and has demonstrated a very good ability to, independently and critically, relate to the methodological concerns relevant for the study of the region. The student has demonstrated knowledge of how the most common social scientific methods are applied in the study of the region s history as well as the challenges this can entail and about the current discussions around the value of knowledge of language, history and culture as a basis of regional studies. The student has fulfilled the criteria above, but in a somewhat superficial way and/or with some minor flaws as to his or her ability to work independently and/or in a critical way. The student has fulfilled the criteria with some smaller misconceptions. Fx F The student has not fulfilled some of the criteria for a passed grade. The student has not fulfilled the criteria for a passed grade. Neither of the grades Fx and F include any opportunity to complete a supplementary assignment in order to convert the grade into a passing grade.

Course literature Asad, Talal. The Idea of an Anthropology of Islam, Qui Parle 17/2 (Spring/Summer 2009), 1-30. Blumi, Isa. Ottoman Refugees, 1878-1939 (Bloomsbury Press, 2013). Blumi, Isa. Destroying Yemen: What Chaos in Arabia Tells US About the World (University of California Press, 2018). Farris, Sara R. In the Name of Women s Rights: The Rise of Femonationalism. (Duke University Press, 2017). Gran, Peter. Islamic Roots of Capitalism: Egypt, 1760-1840 (Syracuse University Press, 1998). Kandil, Hazem. Soldiers, spies, and statesmen: Egypt's road to revolt. (Verso Books, 2012). Lockman, Zachary. Contending Visions of the Middle East: The History and Politics of Orientalism. (Cambridge University Press, 2004). Massad, Joseph A. Islam in Liberalism (University of Chicago Press, 2015) ISBN-13: 978-0226379548 Mittermaier, Amira. Dreams That Matter: Egyptian Landscapes of the Imagination (University of California Press, 2010) ISBN-13: 978-0520258518 Detailed schedule For days, dates and location, please refer to the webpage www.su.se/asia. For up-to-date schedule as well as any changes to the schedule, please refer to TimeEdit Lesson 1 An Introduction to the Middle East An Early History of Islamic Era Teacher: Isa Blumi Reading: Please view before coming to class! Viewing assignment: Islam: Empire of Faith (watch all three segments) approx. 2.5 hours Themes: Introduction to region as historic crossroads. Role of Islam in reshaping political, administrative, economic, and spiritual patterns. Lesson 2 The End of Ottoman Empire and its Consequences to the World Teacher: Isa Blumi Reading: Blumi (2013) Please read before coming to class! Themes: Background to Rise of Modern Era Ottoman Empire: A short overview of the History of Ottoman Rule of Middle East and North Africa region

until the 19th Century. Introduction to main historiographical debates over periodization. Reconceptualizing Ottoman Decline and Rise of the West in framework of refugee/migration studies. Lesson 3 The Rise of Islamic Polities and Reading Networks Teacher: Isa Blumi Reading: Gran (1998) Please read before coming to class! Themes: Explore how reading through medieval/early modern texts necessitates ethnographic turn. Consider how power is mediated in the production of formal state texts. Lesson 4 The Rise of Conceptual Ontologies: Anthropology of Islam Teacher: Isa Blumi Reading: Asad (2009) Themes: What importance can we give to the expressions of informal culture in the transformations of the Modern Middle East? What role does the colonial enterprise play in shaping modern identities? Does Islam, Secularlism, Religion have a role to play, conceptually, in the way we study the Middle East? See Video of Talal Asad The Idea of an Anthropology of Islam Lesson 5 Altering Knowledge: Conflicted Claims of Expertise and Use of Science Teacher: Isa Blumi Reading: Mittermaier (2014) Please read before coming to class! Themes: Explore Utility of Seeing Knowledge as Objective Explore how difference is usefully explored in modern sciences produced to influence MENA What associations link production of knowledge and the migration of ideas Lesson 6 Liberalism and its Costs on our Subjectivity Teacher: Isa Blumi Reading: Massad (2015), 1-274. Please read before coming to class!

Themes: Considering Rise of Arab politics what has Euro-Atlantic Liberalism done to our reading Islam. Politics of popular resistance and interpreting it through prism of our era Lesson 7 Harnessing Social Science in the Liberal Era: Case of Yemen? Teacher: Isa Blumi Reading: Blumi (2018) Please read before coming to class! Themes: What is distinctive of Modern Islamic Thought and ways to read it in sources? How is this impacted in urban environments? Is there something distinctive about the consequences of Oil in this story of the Middle Eastern city as source? Lesson 8 Violence in the City and its Aftermath Teacher: Isa Blumi Reading: Kandil (2012). Please read before coming to class! Themes: Finding Sources of change in Violence. Where does one find a resource in upset polities located in the Middle Eastern City? Lesson 9 Hearing the Hitherto Silent: The Sensory Turn Teacher: Isa Blumi Reading: HAU Special Issue Please read before coming to class! Themes: What is the sensory turn and how does accessing non-textual sources open the study of the Islamic world? Lesson 10 Cultural Sources: Popular Culture and New Conceptual and/or Material Expressions Teacher: Isa Blumi Reading: Farris, (2017). Please read before coming to class! Themes: What importance can we give to the expressions of informal culture in the transformations of the Modern Middle East? What is a Gendered Polity?

Examinations, rules and student influence Examination The form of examination for the course you are following is given in the syllabus and the course description; you will find both in the course compendium and on the home page. Many courses have written examinations that are taken in an examination hall at the end of the course. Other courses have take-home examinations, oral examinations or other examination assignments. NB! Only students who have registered to take the examination may take it! If you show up to the examination without having registered, you may not take the exam! To register, log in to student- Ladok (www.student.ladok.se). If you have any problems, contact the student expedition. Special guidelines apply to examinations and they are the same for the whole of Stockholm University. See the Rule book, Book 2 http://www.su.se/regelboken/bok-2/utbildning-på-grundnivå-ochavancerad-nivå Rules for examination hall exams At a written exam in an examination hall the invigilator s instructions apply. All students are obliged to follow the rules and instructions given by the invigilator and to show a valid ID card and any material they may have brought with them. Placing: Each student must sit where there is an examination paper put out or where the invigilator indicates a seat. It is not permitted to move the examination paper. Leaving the examination hall: It is forbidden to leave the examination hall before 30 minutes after the exam has begun. Coming late: Students who come more than 30 minutes late to an examination may not take part in the exam if another student has left the examination hall. Coming late does not entitle a student to extended examination time. Personal belongings: Outer clothing and bags are to be placed where the invigilator indicates. Paper: Examination answers may only be written on the paper that is handed out. This also applies to rough drafts. Aids: At exams where aids such as dictionaries are allowed, the invigilator will check that there are no notes in the books. Ban on speaking: It is forbidden for examination candidates to speak with each other or use mobile telephones after the exam has started. This also applies to visits to the bathrooms. Breaks and bathroom visits: When an examination lasts more than five hours, there will a 30-minute break. The invigilator will indicate

which bathrooms may be used and students must follow the invigilator s instructions. Handing-in: Examination candidates are forbidden to take their answer papers out of the examination hall. They must be handed personally to the invigilator. Note that even a blank answer paper must be handed to the invigilator before the student leaves the room. Identification: When handing in the exam papers to the invigilator, students must show a valid ID 1. Students must also write their signature at the place marked when handing their paper in if the invigilator requires it. Cheating: Students who are suspected of cheating may continue to do the exam if they show and hand over a prohibited aid. The invigilator will offer the student a permitted aid in exchange. Any cheating and/or disturbing behaviour will be dealt with after a report from the Head of Department/Director of Studies by the University Vice-Chancellor as a disciplinary matter. Take-home examinations Just as with a written exam in an examination hall, a take-home exam must always be written independently unless otherwise specified in the course description. In most cases, take-home exams are handed in via the Mondo course portal. See the instructions in the course description. For more details about how to use sources and references in your takehome exam, see the document entitled Formal matters, using references and quotations. Special needs If you are in some way disabled, which means that you need special support and/or aids, always contact Service for disabled students (studentstod@su.se or 08-16 28 78) in good time before the course starts. You should then contact the Director of Studies at the Department of Asian, Middle Eastern and Turkish Studies (hanna.kritz@su.se for Japanese, Chinese and Korean, or martin.safstrom@su.se for Arabic and Middle Eastern studies). Available assistance includes, for example, adapting rooms, course textbooks as talking books, note-taking assistance, mentor support, extended time for exams and so on. 1 Types of ID that are accepted are: a driving licence, a passport and a valid ID card. A police report that is not more than three months old showing that the candidate s ID has been stolen or lost is also accepted. Foreign IDs are also accepted, preferably a passport and ID card, provided that the ID document does not need to be translated for the candidate to be identified.

Course Evaluation After the completion of a course, as a student you have the right to express your opinions and experience of the course in the form of a course evaluation. Course evaluations are given anonymously in connection with exams or the last lesson of a course. Course evaluations are answered digitally via computer, mobile phone or the like. A link to the course evaluation is sent to your email address and must normally be answered within one week. The result of the course evaluations is then available for you as a student in a file in the Student Office shortly after a course has been completed. If for some reason you have not been able to fill in a course evaluation for a course you have taken, you can get in touch with the Student Office (exp.asien@su.se). Formalities: source criticism and plagiarism Source criticism Remember always to be critical of the sources you use and choose them carefully. It is always important to be able to explain why you chose a certain source. Being critical of your sources is particularly important when you use information taken from the Internet. Check, for example, who wrote the information on the home page you use, why the home page has been created (e.g. for propaganda purposes). At Skolverket (The Swedish National Agency for Education) you will find some simple questions you can use to judge whether a home page is reliable. See https://www.skolverket.se/skolutveckling/resurser-forlarande/kollakallan/kallkritik/lathund-1.151074 Wikipedia is an example of a home page that is not considered a reliable source when you write an essay or a take-home exam. The reason is that voluntary contributors from all over the world have written the information found there. That means that the contents are open and free and everyone is able to add and take away information from Wikipedia. For more books on thinking critically, see for example: Pernilla Hultén, Kritiskt tänkande, Malmö: Liber Förlag, 2007 Thorsten Thurén, Källkritik, Stockholm, Liber AB, 2005

Writing an essay There are many books and online guides you can use for support when you write your essay. Even though the requirements may vary a little from one supervisor to another, there is a great deal that is common to all essay writing at the university. Stockholm University Library has a guide for essay writing: http://su.se/biblioteket/söka-och-använda/skriva-uppsats The Library also offers help in English: http://su.se/english/library/search-use/writing-an-essay In Swedish there is also Att skriva en bra uppsats, Rienecker & Jörgensen (Nordli, Harald transl.) Lund: Liber Förlag, 2004 See also Olle Josephson and Arne Jarrick, Från tanke till text, en språkhandbok för uppsatsskrivande studenter, Lund: Studentlitteratur, 1996. Plagiarism You may certainly study together with your student friends, but remember that examination assignments and essays are normally done independently unless otherwise indicated in the course description. When your examination assignment or your essay is to be handed in, it is important that you work independently. You are not permitted to plagiarise from a student colleague, a book or an Internet source. Plagiarism means using something that someone else has written without giving the source. Since much of what you write as a university student is based on previous research, you will need to use other sources. That is why it is very important that you are careful about where you get your information. (Read more about this under Formalities, references and quotations below. You may feel uncertain about how you should deal with plagiarism; in that case, you can always ask the teacher who runs your course. You can also look at Gothenburg University s anti-plagiarism guide: http://www.ub.gu.se/ref/refero/ See also URKUND s Plagiarism Handbook (in Swedish): http://static.urkund.com/manuals/urkund_plagiarism_handbook_se.pdf Co-operation with a number of universities in Sweden including Linköping University and Umeå University has resulted in the site Skrivguiden where you can get support for your academic writing: http://skrivguiden.se

In many cases, it is misunderstanding that leads to suspicions of cheating, so it is extra important that you are careful always to state the sources you have used. Urkund The Urkund program checks all examination assignments in the form of take-home exams and essays before they are given to the teacher for correction. Urkund is a text-matching tool that compares your information with that of other students, and with books and Internet sources. If a teacher suspects some form of cheating, she or he is obliged to report it to the Director of Studies or the equivalent at the Department of Asian, Middle Eastern and Turkish Studies, who in turn has to report the suspicion to the Disciplinary Committee at Stockholm University. It is the Disciplinary Committee that decides whether or not something is to be regarded as cheating, not the Department of Asian, Middle Eastern and Turkish Studies, which only reports a suspicion of cheating. The reason for this is to ensure that the student who is suspected of cheating will get a fair hearing. Formalities: references and quotations When you write an examination assignment in the form of an essay or a take-home exam, it is important that you are careful to report the sources you have used in your work. This is done by giving references, in the form of notes and a list of sources. There are many books about the way to deal with references, both at the library and on the Internet. Below you will find a summary of some of the things that are important to bear in mind concerning references. When you write an examination assignment (a BA or MA thesis) you should also take into account what applies to your particular course. See the description of the course you are taking. References in texts, different models There are various models for dealing with references in texts. Two commonly used ones are the Harvard Model and the Oxford Model.

The Harvard Model means that you refer directly in the text, while the Oxford Model means that you refer in a footnote (see the examples below). Neither of these models is right or wrong, but in your particular field there may be a tradition of using one or the other. It is important for you to be consistent in your choice of model, so that you always choose to refer in, for example, footnotes if that is what you decide on. Quotations, about the use of notes Quotations are commonly used in texts. Quoting means that you reproduce verbatim something that someone else has said or written. A quotation must always be given exactly, even if it contains spelling mistakes. After the quotation you must always state where it comes from. You do this directly afterwards, either in a footnote or in brackets, depending on the model you have chosen. If there is a spelling mistake in the quotation, you can indicate it with [sic] directly after the spelling mistake to show that that you are not the one who has made the mistake. If the spelling mistake is particularly serious, you can write [sic!]. A reference after a quotation according to the Harvard Model can look like this: A reasonable requirement for a scientific conceptual apparatus is that it is possible to use it in practice. (Persson & Sahlin, 2013:205). A reference after a quotation in the form of a footnote according to the Oxford Model can look like this: A reasonable requirement for a scientific conceptual apparatus is that it is possible to use it in practice. 2 Long quotations If a quotation is short, as in the examples above, it is placed directly in the text. If the quotation is a long one, it should be placed in a paragraph of its own, for example: För den franske litteratur- och kulturteoretikern Roland Barthes är det centralt att berättarinstansen skiljs ifrån författarens och berättelsens subjekt (1988). Den som talar i berättelsen är inte den som skriver i verkliga livet. Och den som skriver är inte den som är. Det finns enligt Barthes två olika sorters berättarpositioner: berättaren som personlig eller opersonlig berättarinstans. Detta motsvarar inte givet skillnaden mellan en berättare i första respektive tredje person. En berättelse kan 2 Johannes Persson & Nils-Eric Sahlin. Vetenskapsteori för sanningssökare: Fri Tanke Förlag, 2013, 205.

skrivas i tredje person och ändå vara personlig. 3 or (Johansson, 2005:39). Note that the quotation above is placed in a paragraph of its own, with an empty line at the beginning and at the end, and that it has a margin on both sides. A quotation of this kind need not have quotation marks at the beginning and end. Quotations within quotations If the person you quote has in turn quoted someone else, this should be shown within single quotation marks, for example: Finally, upon reaching the attractive landscapes in Mitava, he writes: The countryside here is much prettier than Livonia, through which one would not regret to travel with his eyes half closed. 4 4 or (Lewis, 1995:57). Referring to the same author and work immediately after each other If you quote or refer to the same author and work immediately after each other, you need not rewrite the whole reference. Instead, write ibid if it also refers to the same page. If it refers to another page in the same work and by the same author, write ibid, 43. 5 Summary A summary is an account of an author s text in your own words. This makes it possible for you to choose what you feel is central or what you feel is most relevant for your assignment. If you insert your own opinions or suppositions, you must be very sure to indicate that. You need not use quotation marks in a summary but you must indicate the reference so that the reader can find the source. Put the reference in brackets in the text or in the form of a footnote (see above). List of References/Bibliography The List of References, also called Bibliography, is the list of books and articles you have used when writing your examination assignment. The List of References must always be given at the end and if you like you can divide it into Primary and Secondary Sources, or Internet-based material, Articles, Interviews and so on if you have used such material. 3 Anna Johansson. Narrativ teori och metod. Lund: Studentlitteratur, 2005, 139. 4 S. Mark Lewis, Modes of Historical Discourse in J.G Herder and N.M Karamzin. New York: Peter Lang Publishing Inc, 1995, 57. 5 Ibid means in the same place and is an abbreviation of the Latin ibidem

The List of References must be in alphabetical order according to the author s family name and may look like this: Hamori, Andras, On the Art of Medieval Arabic Literature, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. If you have used two or more books by the same author, you need not write the author s name more than once. Note that the books should be arranged chronologically. It may look like this: Mernessi, Fatima. Women and Islam. An Historical and Theological Enquiry. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. 1991., Women s Rebellion & Islamic Memory. London and New Jersey: Zed Books. 1996. Chapters in a book When you refer to a whole book, you need not give the number of pages, but if you use one chapter in an anthology, you should give the page numbers in your bibliography, for example: Lee, Peter & Ashby, Rosalyn. Progression in Historical Understanding among Students Ages 7-14, Knowing, Teaching & Learning History. National and International Perspectives, edited by Peter N. Stearns, Peter Seixas and Sam Wineburg, New York and London: New York University Press. 2000. pp. 199-222. Articles If your source is an article, it may look like this in your bibliography: Kessy, Emanuel Thomas. The Transition from The Later Stone Age to Iron Age in Kondoa, Central Tanzania, in The African Archaeological Review. Vol. 30 No. 3 September 2013, pp 225-252. Internet sources If your source is a page from the Internet, for example from a work of reference, there is often a note on how to refer to it on the same page. What distinguishes an Internet source from a printed source is that you indicate when you have read the page. Reading tips on the Internet http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/16/contents.html