Bates, M.J. (1989).The design of browsing and berrypicking techniques for the online search interface. Online Review, 13(5), pp

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2 The lookup-based has promoted out understanding of IR in many ways [---]. Under this paradigm, the query is treated as a one-time conception of the searcher s information need. Although the assumptions regarding user interaction are useful abstractions to simplify IR system research, real-life searches typically contain multiple query iterations, postquery browsing, and detailed result examination, all of which are not captured in this model. (White & Roth 2009) Bates, M.J. (1989).The design of browsing and berrypicking techniques for the online search interface. Online Review, 13(5), pp

3 White, R.W. & Roth, R.A. (2009). Exploratory Search: Beyond the Query-Response Paradigm. Synthesis Lectures on Information Concepts, Retrieval, and Services. Morgan & Claypool Publishers.

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5 i.e. what do you want to know and for what purpose?

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7 Book = a format, published work of literature or scholarship Monographies/monographs or (edited) collections Original articles = presents original research findings Review articles (no original research): Narrative review = traditional literature review that summarizes a body of literature and draws conclusions about the topic in question Systematic review = use a more rigorous and well defined approach to reviewing the literature in a specific subject area Meta-analysis = combine data from independent original articles in order to obtain more significant results Serial monographs = journals where each volume consists of one monograph Reports = from government agencies

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9 Secondary sources can generally not be used as a reference but some review articles may contain new results (e.g. meta analysis) Always read the primary source before using it as a reference, other authors may have misunderstood or misquoted the source. You are expected to know all the cited documents in your reference list! Reports and data/gis-databases from government agencies such as SMHI, SCB, Lantmäteriet, SGU etc.

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11 General: Scopus, Web of Science Specialized: Georef, AGU Publications (American Geophysical Union) Use for: Scientific articles, especially for discipline specific subjects!

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13 LUBsearch bra för att få översikt och hitta sådant man inte visste att man behövde samt vid ämnesöverskridande sökningar, men söker inte i alla databaser och inte i hela databaserna Får olika resultat vid olika tidpunkter = ej upprepningsbart, speciellt viktigt vid genomförande av systematisk review. Hitta databaser som är relevanta för ditt ämne m.h.a. sökresultaten i LUBsearch och sök även direkt i dessa. Use for: Scientific articles, especially for interdisciplinary subjects!

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15 Who is the author? Government websites reliable

16 Jmf bibliografisk databas Google/Google Scholar Sökmotorer bra för websidor och myndighetsrapporter inte för vetenskapliga artiklar: ingen säkerhetskontroll och får med opublicerat (t.ex. pre-prints)! Many search engines such as Google provide customized results based on the user's activity history. Websites use algorithms to selectively guess what information a user would like to see, based on information about the user (such as location, past click behaviour and search history).

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18 When citing a monography!

19 When citing an edited book/collection!

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21 Notice the place of publication and publisher are NOT recorded.

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30 Special characters: å ä ö Punctuation marks: ():;-) Logograms: & %

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32 1) soil disturbance* etc. plural forms + plough* plough, ploughed, ploughing 2) ploughing and plowing British vs American English 3) CaCO 3 changed to CaCO3 avoid problems with special signs (when pasting) 4) Include calcium carbonate as well as the chemical formula i.e. CaCO 3 5) Use the Natura 2000 habitate code as well as the trivial name for the vegetation type trivial names varies between countries, the code is an EU-standard 6) Use NEAR if possible, otherwise use AND or phrase search

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34 Example with NOT: used NOT (limnic* OR sea bed* ) to remove articles about CaCO 3 in sandy sea beds which were not very relevant to my research on dry grasslands

35 E.g. in Web of Science use NEAR/x to find records where the terms joined by the operator are within x words from each other Example: sandy calcareous grassland sandy AND calcareous AND grassland sandy calcareous grassland exact phrase, not including calcareous sandy grassland sandy NEAR calcareous NEAR grassland both sandy calcareous grassland and calcareous sandy grassland

36 How are the terms within each block related? Interchangeable OR Use parenthesis just like in mathematics!

37 Accessibility accessible for students at LU? Type of resource document type (article, book chapter, conference proceeding, book review ) but also peer reviewed (LUBsearch) Language if two languages check the specifications, it might be only the abstract which is available in one of the languages (usually English) Keywords or classification codes are discipline or database specific

38 Kombinera ihop block (ett sökord i taget per block?) m.h.a. lämpliga sökoperatorer anpassade efter de enskilda söktjänsterna

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41 Är sökresultatet relevant? Är det tillräckligt/för specifikt? Rimligt antal träffar eller för många/få? Publiceringsår, saknas nya/gamla referenser?

42 Om du inte är nöjd, identifiera möjliga orsaker: Frågeställningen för bred/smal? Fel sökord? Fel söktjänst? T.ex. sökt efter forskningsartikel i LUBcat eller efter myndighetsrapport i databas? Fel sökteknik? T.ex. glömt anpassa efter söktjänst? Nytt forskningsämne?

43 När du är nöjd, börja läsa och utvärdera de källor som hittats källkritisk granskning, tas upp i annan föreläsning på kursen?

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