CURRICULUM VITAE

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1 CURRICULUM VITAE For a summary of my most important merits please see page Peter M. Nilsson, MD, PhD Born 7th October, Married, four children. Office addresses: 1. Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, University Hospital, Gate 33, S MALMÖ, Sweden. Phone: office , Fax Department of History of Medicine, University hospital, S LUND, Sweden. Peter.Nilsson@med.lu.se 1. Personal education and academic positions Statistical education (Faculty of Philosophy, University of Gothenburg). Four months of research-applied statistics (20p). Research courses in medical statistics. Medical education (Medical Faculty, University of Lund), Internship in Kalmar , Specialisation in Kalmar Specialist in General Medicine (1985). Specialist in Social Medicine (1992). Doctor of Medicine (MD, PhD). Thesis: "Metabolic disturbances in primary hypertension. Special focus on the non-pharmacological treatment of hyperinsulinemia". University of Lund, Sweden. Associate professor ("docent"), Number of original publications: 199 published or accepted original papers in English, in peer-reviewed medical journals. Thirteen papers submitted or in preparation, as well as 73 editorials/reviews/book chapters, all in English. Delegate for the Faculty programme LeKA during 2005, a programme for future leadership of research projects and groups. Professor of Clinical Cardiovascular Research, I was promoted after an approved application to the Dean of the Faculty of Medicine. During 2008 I have replaced the previous Head of the research group for cardiovascular research in Internal Medicine and I am now the Head (see link: Staff-member of the Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Lund, Sweden, (clinical assistant, lecturer of Family Medicine and Social Medicine in undergraduate and postgraduate training; hours yearly during most years). Clinical work at the Dalby Health Centre Senior lecturer ("t.f. högskolelektor") 6 months

2 in Family medicine at the Faculty of Medicine, Lund, I am the Head of Department of History of Medicine, University of Lund, Sweden, since Associate professor ("docent") and senior lecturer ("universitetslektor") of cardiovascular medicine at the Division of Clinical Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden, Clinical work at the Clinical Preventive Medicine unit of the Department, mostly with patients referred or screened for cardiovascular risk factors. Promoted to senior consultant (Swedish: överläkare ) in September In addition I am also the Head of our research Group in 2008 (see above). During 2009 I have been appointed as the coordinator of a national programme for excellence in Strategic Research dedicated to epidemiology, leading the collaboration between Lund and Uppsala universities ( This is supported directly by the Swedish Governement. 2. Memberships and appointments Member of the Swedish Medical Association, Member of the Swedish Association for General Medicine (SFAM), 1990 (steering committee ). Member of the Swedish Hypertension Society, 1987 (steering committee , President ). Member of the European Society of Hypertension, (ESH Council member 2006-) Member of the Nordic Association for Clinical Haemoreology, 1988 (steering committe ). Member of the Swedish Society for Diabetology, 1992 (steering committee , secretary ). National Diabetes Register outdata committee Member of the Hypertension in Diabetes Study Group of the EASD, 1995 (steering committee , 2002-). Member of the Hypertension in Diabetes Working Group of the ESH, 2002 (president, steering committee 2002-). Member of the European Group on Insulin Resistance, 1996 (steering committe ). Member of a working subcommittee of the Swedish Council for Planning and Coordination of Research (FRN), , focusing on self-rated health and the individual. Member of the EU strategic research group (DIAMAP) for diabetes research,

3 Member of a committee on the evaluation of smoking cessation programmes of the Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care (SBU), Coauthor of the publication on methods for smoking cessation in 1998 (SBU-series 138). Member of the International Editorial Boards of the European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation, 2006-, and Journal of Hypertension Guest researcher 1. University of Uppsala, Sweden (Professor HO Lithell, Department of Geriatrics), University and Middlesex School of Medicine, London (Professor JS Yudkin, Department of Medicine, Whittington hospital), Guest lecturer at the Medical Faculty, University of Greifswald, Germany, 1995, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (Professor Ulf de Faire, Division of Cardiovascular research, Department of Internal medicine, and Ingvar Krakau, associate professor, Department of Family medicine), University of Aarhus, Department of Family medicine, Aarhus, Denmark (Professor Torsten Lauritzen), (Ebeltoft project, guest researcher). 6. University of Umeå, Department of Medicine (Professor Birgitta Stegmayr) (MONICA-project, guest researcher) 4. Clinical experience Basic clincial training in Kalmar (hospital care), and Nybro and Emmaboda (primary health care) ( ). Experience as surgeon 4 months in Eksjö (1977). More than 12 years of clinical work as a specialist in general medicine at the Dalby Health Centre, during I was responsible for the alcohol policlinic at the health centre during the period. Parttime consultant for the local administration of sick-leave and health insurance, etc. ("Försäkringskassan"). During the recent 20 years I have regularly worked in primary health care as a GP for 2-3 weeks annually during summer vacations (Löttorp, Borgholm, Brösarp, Tomelilla, Smålandsstenar) to keep up clinical skills in general medicine/family medicine. 5. Teaching experiences and qualifications 3

4 a. Formal pedagogic/teaching training: a week-long course for becoming associate professor in 1994, organised by the Faculty of Medicine, University of Lund, Sweden. Two-days course on Problem-Based Learning, University of Lund, One day of obligatory training for tutors at the Faculty of Medicine on 31 st January b. Administration of teaching: main organiser of nine postgraduate courses ("SK-kurser"), and the week-long ESH Summer School in Ystad 2003 (for 50 European doctors). Coadministrator of courses on the Metabolic syndrome for Italian physician in , at the University Hospital, Malmö. c. Production of teaching materials: writer of several short summaries for medical students. Referee and introducer for the translation of a Norwegian textbook on general medicine for medical students (Aaaras, et. al. Allmänmedicin i teori och praktik. Studentlitteratur. Lund, 1994). Author of a chapter on "Hypertension in Diabetes" in a medical textbook (reference C:8). Author of a chapter about prevention in primary health care for a textbook on cardiovascular medicine (angiology) for medical students (Studentlitteratur AB, 2000). Editor-in-chief of a textbook on the The Metabolic syndrome background and treatment (Studentlitteratur AB, 2006), based on the proceedings of a national meeting in Jönköping, 2005, when I was the main organiser. Author of two chapters in a textbook on obesity in 2007 (Eds. AK Lindros, S Rössner; Fetma. Studentlitteratur AB), a chapter on Hypertension in Diabetes for the ESH Text-book on Hypertension in 2008, and a chapter on cardiovascular prevention (Studentlitteratur AB, 2009). d. Teaching experience for medical students: since 1987 (first as clinical assistant, thereafter as senior lecturer; mean: hours/year), for nursing students (mean: hours/year), and for students of occupational therapy (mean 6 hours/year). Focus on teaching for medical students in their fifth year of education. I was the main lecturer in social medicine/community medicine at the Department of Community health sciences, Lund, , and at the Department of Community Medicine, Malmö, For many years I have been the only lecturer in social medicine in Lund, introducing the topic "Social causation of disease" for medical students. I have been co-organiser of a inter-diciplinary course on Humanistics and medicine, in 2001, as appointed by the Faculty of Medicine, Lund. In , I have been teaching about the Metabolic syndrome (first year) and hypertension, lipids, metabolic syndrome (third year) of studies in medicine. e. Post-graduate teaching experience: for specialists in general medicine and internal medicine since 1989 (mean hours/year). Responsible for post-graduate week-long courses (SK-kurser; n= 9) since 1992, concerning hypertension, diabetes, social medicine, 4

5 prevention, and other topics in general medicine. Clinical lecturer ("t.f. högskolelektor") in general medicine for 6 months in Organiser of several national and international medical meetings , including activites in the Organising Committee for the National Cardiovascular Spring Meeting (responsible for symposia, seminars ). f. Clinical teaching tutorship: in primary health care at the Dalby health centre, for individual students , during their 5th year of medical education. g. Popularisation of science: participating with lectures and in panel debates at annual conferences organised by the Swedish Council for Planning and Coordination of Research (FRN) ("Populärvetenskaplig tema-dag" på Norra Latin, Stockholm). Organiser of conferences for the same organisation. Lecturer on History of the University of Lund at official meetings and courses organised by the university, During November 2008 I organised three major open meeting for the public with the aim to give example of research based on the population screenings in Malmö This was supported by the Faculty of Medicine in Lund-Malmö and attended by 300 lay people. 6. Scientific competence a. Scientific papers in peer-reviewed journals: a total of 149 English papers have been published or accepted for publication, as well as 63 English reviews that have also been published or accepted. In all, 13 manuscripts are in different stages of progress to be submitted or revised. Additionally more than 150 papers have been published in Swedish, mostly in peer-reviewed journals (AllmänMedicin, DiabetologNytt, Läkartidningen, Nordisk Medicin, Socialmedicinsk Tidskrift, etc.). b. Scientific cooperation: I have organised scientific multi-centre studies (J Internal Med 1996; 240:189-94) and worked jointly with several national and international research groups. I have worked in a task force group for the implementation of a National Programme of Quality Assurance for the Secondary Prevention of Coronary Heart disease (reference A:56, A:63) The aim was to improve the control of cardiovascular risk factors in patient post-myocardial infarction, PTCA or CABG. This project was jointly run by the Swedish Association for General Medicine, the Swedish Cardiology Society, and supported by the Swedish Board of Health and Wellfare ("Socialstyrelsen"). 5

6 During I have been working together with a task force for evaluation and publication of data from the National Diabetes Register (NDR) of Sweden, resulting in about 15 original publications. This is work to improve the quality of diabetes care on a national scale. I presently represent these aspects of quality in diabetes care with the EU Task Force (DIAMAP) for shaping future research strategies. (Reference: Halban PA, Smith U, Diabetologia Oct;51:1765-7). c. Scientific support: I have belonged to various research groups receiving large financial support, previously together with Professor Göran Berglund at the Department of Clinical Sciences Medicine at the University Hospital in Malmö. For my clinical studies in Dalby/Lund I have received, alone or together with other colleagues, about SEK as external scientific support throughout the years. I was grant holder for a post-doctorial scholarship of the Swedish Medical Association (12 months) in In Malmö I have received a total of more than SEK during the period as research grants, e.g. from the Heart and Lung Foundation ( SEK) in , as well as from the Research Council of Sweden (grant: ). In addition I belong to scientific networks with EU-funding for research, such as EGIR and EPIC-Interact, with total grants of more than Euros during d. Scientific referee for: the journals Circulation, Journal of Hypertension, Blood Pressure, Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care, Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicine, Journal of Internal Medicine, Diabetologia, Läkartidningen (in Swedish). In all, about 250 requests so far. I have also been reviewer for grant applications to the research councils of Denmark, Norway, Czech Republic, Serbia-Montenegro, South-Africa (MRC) and the UK during e. Scientific principal tutor for primary health care physician Rickard Ekesbo, Dalby ( Chronic infection in primary health care cardiovascular and gastrointestinal aspects, Dissertation approved 26 th September 2003) and specialist in internal medicine Bertil Öhlin (Stress and cardiovascular disease, Dissertation approved 8 th June 2007) Department of Medicine, Malmö. Furthermore, I was the principal tutor in history of medicine for researcher Inga Nilsson (History of the medical documentation in Sweden, ), Dissertation approved 1 st February, Ulla Pettersson (Screening for cardiovascular risk and diabetes in primary health care. The Söderåkra Risk Factor Screening Study) (29 th April 2009), University of Linköping, and for Gunilla Journath (Risk factor control in treated hypertensives and patients with diabetes in primary health care, Dissertation 29 th May 2009), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm. 6

7 I was co-tutor for a thesis in History of medicine 1999 (Caroline Arsini, Lund, PhD, with dissertation in February 1999 entitled: "Health in Medieval Lund"). I have also been co-tutor for Marie Ekberg-Aronsson ( Smoking and airway disorders in an urban population special references to gender and socio-economic status. Dissertation aproved 24 th November 2006), Rasmus Borgqvist ( Coronary Heart Disease and erectile dysfunction, Dissertation aproved 2 nd June 2007), and Gordana Tasevska-Dinevska ( Gender aspects on heart failure, Dissertation approved 18 th December 2008). I am currently principal tutor for Margret Leosdottir (Glucose intolerance/diabetes and myocardial dysfunction) with approved half-way control , for Lisa Bellinetto-Ford (vascular ageing), Nils Hansson (history of medicine) and Tomas Gustafsson (history of medicine), all four at Lund university. In addition I am also the main tutor for Payam Khalili (Örebro University) I am also co-tutor for Rose-Marie Hofvander, Primary Health Care, Lund. In May 2005, I concluded a training seminar series of the Faculty of Medicine, Lund, for future leaders/tutors in academic research (LeKA-programme). f. Scientific evaluation of theses. At altogether nineteen occasions I have been member of the faculty-appointed board for evaluation of theses ("betygsnämnd"). I have eight times been appointed as principal (first) opponent of a thesis (by Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 1998 (for Jonas Tovi), by the Medical Faculty, University of Gothenburg, 2001 (for Ludger Grote), by the Medical Faculty, University of Oslo, 2001 (for Aud Høieggen), by the Medical Faculty, University of Copenhagen, 2001 (for Thomas Drivsholm), and by the Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 2004 (for Constanze Leineweber), and in 2005 (for Gunnar Kaati, Karin Leander) and in 2008 (for Anna Karin Edstedt-Bonamys). 7. Administrative experience a. Responsible for the Clinical Research Laboratory in Dalby (staff: 3 members). b. Head, Department for History of Medicine, Medical Faculty, Lund, In this position I have organised annual seminars and debates, as well as participation in national and international meetings. I was recognised at the national medical meeting ( Riksstämman ) in 7

8 1999 for best presentation in History of Medicine. Several publications have been written , see the Annual reports series. I am responsible for a budget and for staff (one secretary) and one PhD student (Nils Hansson). c. I have been the main organiser of 12 large-scale national and 2 large-scale international medical meetings during the past fifteen years. I acted as chairman of the organising committee, of a Berzelius-symposium entitled "Social causation of disease - biological mechanisms", 10-12th May 2000, initiated by the Swedish Association for General Medicine. I was one of the co-organisers of Berzelius-symposium on Sleep and restitution implications for health in August, I was chairman of the Organising Committee for the Berzelius symposium Developmental origins of adult disease focus on stress response, glucose metabolism, and cardiovascular risk on nd September 2006, in collaboration with the Swedish Society of Medicine and the Royal Society of Medicine, UK. This symposium was published as a Mini-symposium included in Journal of Internal Medicine in May d. On behalf of the Swedish Council for Planning and Coordination of Research (FRN), I have organised a joint East-West scientific meeting on "Self-rated health in Europe" in Prague, Czech Republic, September, This conference was documented in a book (Proceedings) in e. Project manager of a large multi-centre study on smoking cessation in primary health care (J Internal Med 1996; 240:189-94). f. Co-organiser of a large-scale research project on lifestyle, insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease (The Malmö Preventive Project) at the Department of Clinical Medical Research at the University Hospital in Malmö, starting in November During a total of 18,200 subjects have been re-examined in a large-scale project that I am responsible for (grants from the Heart- and Lung Foundation). At present we are conducting a similar re-screening of 4000 subjects within the Malmö Diet Cancer Cardiovascular Arm aiming at long-term investigations of the Early Vascular Ageing (EVA) syndrome (Research Council support ). (Nilsson PM, Lurbe E, Laurent S. The early life origins of vascular ageing and cardiovascular risk: the EVA syndrome. Review. J Hypertens 2008; 26: ). g. Leading positions of scientific organisations: e.g. president (Swedish Hypertension Society ), secretary (Swedish Association for Diabetology ), and treasurer 8

9 (Hypertension in Diabetes EASD Study Group ). In 2006 I started working for the European Hypertension Society (ESH) as a Council member (reference: ESH President Professor Stéphane Laurent, Paris, France). h. Head of Research group: I have been appointed administrative Head of the research group for internal medicine at Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, University Hospital, Malmö, in May For more information see our web-page: Self-evaluation of merits for Peter M Nilsson General aspects It is always a difficult task to be asked for self-evaluation, and I will just give some brief comments. Instead I think it is more appropriate to provide some names of persons for reference, as listed after each subheading. These persons could inform about my achievements in a more objective way as they know me from various activities. 1. Scientific merits During almost 20 years I have been writing a large number of original papers and reviews, mostly within the field of hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular risk, general medicine and prevention. Besides of that I have participated in several projects and publications devoted to the improvement of health care for patients with diabetes and/or ischaemic heart disease. A new interest that I have tried to develop over the last 10 years is the concept of early biological ageing as a model for how social and lifestyle factors might influence biological systems and increase the risk for early morbidity and mortality. As part of an ongoing project in Malmö we are going to use new markers for this model, such as pulse wave velocity (PWV) and telomere length after DNA extraction. I have been honoured to be able to work as a guest researcher together with the late professor Hans Lithell, Uppsala, on projects related to insulin resistance, blood pressure regulation, and cardiovascular risk factor screening. In later years I have also focused on early life factors for fetal and post-natal programming of cardiovascular disease. In preventive medicine I have published on childhood accident prevention, smoking cessation, and the implementation of a healthy lifestyle at the workplace in a randomised clinical trial. As science is an important part of my life, I hope that I have contributed somewhat within my various fields of research. 9

10 I have received research grants form the Heart- and Lung Foundation (HLF), Vetenskapsrådet (Swedish Research Council), as well as local and regional grants. In addition I am a co-applicant for EU grants (EGIR, EPIC-Interact). During 2008 I have joined the team of Professor Leif Groop for the EU application of IMI within the SUMMIT consortium. We have now received a grant worth 14 million Euros, and the project is targeted for macrovascular complications in diabetes. Not to be forgotten, I have also published a number of papers in Swedish related to the History of medicine, as part of my responsibilities as Head of department. References: Dean of the Faculty of Medicine, Lund University Bo Ahrén (bo.ahren@med.lu.se), Professor Leif Groop (leif.groop@med.lu.se), professor Lennart Råstam (lennart.rastam@med.lu.se) and professor of general medicine Jan Sundquist (jan.sundquist@med.lu.se) 2. Teaching merits I have been teaching on a regular basis ever since I started teaching at the local school for nurses in Kalmar in the early 80-ies. Since then I have annually had about teaching sessions for undergraduate health care students, and about the same amount for postgraduate training courses or seminars for physicians. Teaching has always been dear to me and this has also resulted in tutorship for a number of about 20 medical students writing their papers in clinical medicine or history of medicine, some of them have later been possible to publish. I also teach regularly abroad, most often in Eastern and Central Europe as part of collaboration for cardiovascular prevention in countries such as the Ukraine, Byelarussia, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Poland, and the Czech Republic. My formal teaching merits have made it possible for me to become a tutor of scientific thesis (9 thesis already approved; written by Rickard Ekesbo 2003, Caroline Arcini 1999, Marie Ekberg-Aronsson 2006, Rasmus Borgqvist 2007, Bertil Öhlin 2007, Inga Nilsson 2008, Gordana Tasevsjka 2008, Ulla Petersson 2009, and Gunilla Journath 2009) and five more underway. Teaching is an integrated part of my work position as university teacher (senior lecturer) since 1997 onwards. All together I currently give about 50 major lectures a year in Sweden or abroad. My teaching skills have also been used for writing teaching materials av various kind, including editing books. 10

11 References: Senior university lecturer Bodil Ohlsson responsible for undergraduate teaching in clinical medicine at the University Hospital, Malmö, Professor Stefan Lindgren responsible for planning of teaching at the Faculty during , and Associate Professor Martin Garwicz responsible for undergraduate teaching for medical students in Lund. 3. Clinical merits Being a physician since 25 years has made it possible for me to get a wide clinical experience, first as a general practitioner at the primary health centre in Dalby , and after that involved in clinical work mostly with cardiovascular risk patients in Malmö during Without clinical skills in cardiovascular medicine and prevention, based on consultations with many 1000 s of patients, it would not have been possible for me to act as project leader in various projects and as one of the organisers behind the workshop for prevention of atherosclerotic diseases, as organised by the Swedish Medical Product Agency in 2005, published in This is a national guidelines document for all Swedish physicians working with cardiovascular prevention. Every year I still do clinical work for 2-3 weeks in the summer at primary health care centres, to keep up clinical skills. References: Dr. Olof Hedener (olof.hedener@skane.se).at the Brösarp Primary Health Care centre, and Helena Bergström, Kalmar County Council administration (helenab@ltkalmar.se) 3. Administrative merits I have been involved with administrative work both to run departments and to lead singlecentre or multi-centre projects. At present I am responsible for research budgets for largescale projects in Malmö, but also for running the Department of History of Medicine, Lund University. During 2005 I participated in an educational programme for new research group leaders of the Faculty of Medicine, Lund University (the so called LeKA programme see certificate). Administration has been a challenge that I have faced more and more during recent years, and now I have been appointed as senior research group leader at the Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, University Hospital, Malmö (see link: 11

12 In 2009 I have been the coordinator for a very large researcg grant application to the Swedish Research Council for 65 million SEK called Health in Epidemiology (EpiHealth), and building upon collaboration with several research groups in Lund, Malmö and Uppsala. Final decision is awaited on June 15 th References: Professor Bo Ahrén (bo.ahren@med.lu.se) Dean of the Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lennart Råstam (lennart.rastam@med.lu.seand Secretary Märta Granbohm (marta.granbohm@med.lu.se) at the Department of History of Medicine, Lund University. 5. Other merits During the last decade I have organised several large-scale seminars, Berzelius symposia, teaching courses etc., and this has been very enjoyable for me as I have had good coworkers and the result has most often been very rewarding. As part of the writing committee for the National Diabetes Register (NDR) of Sweden I have worked for a couple of years together with skilful colleagues dedicated to improve the standard of diabetes care following the St. Vincent Declaration for diabetes care. We have been able to show improving trends in risk factor control (HbA 1c, blood pressure, lipids) based on data since 1996 in currently about half (220,000 subjects) of all patients with diabetes in Sweden. This has been very interesting and has given me the opportunity to get in closer contacts with patients organisations. In the military service I was appointed lieutenant and chief of a Field Dressing Station at the level of an infantry battalion during 1988 to References: Dr. Soffia Gudbjörnsdottir (soffia.gudbjörnsdottir@medic.gu.se) for the NDR, and Associate Professor Martin Ridderstråle (martin.ridderstrale@med.lu.se) for organisation of teaching seminars in Malmö. Conclusion I have devoted my working life to clinical medicine and clinical research as well as teaching, and thereby I have been very privileged indeed. Not everything has ended the way it was planned from the beginning and I must admit that without the support of my wife Ulla-Gerd and my family this achievement would not have been possible at all. Once I wanted to become a surgeon or a neurologist, but general practice soon impressed me with fascinating 12

13 consultations involving so many people with a wide range of human problems. Other people will have to judge upon my merits, but I have travelled a path that I would not hesitate to walk again if needed. Sometimes I think for myself that I have been lucky to hopefully be able to help many more people indirectly, through teaching of students and physicians, writing guidelines, promoting of prevention, etc, than directly during everyday clinical contacts. However, without these human meetings and consultations my working life would have been dull. Brief summary of my most important merits for this application Clinical experience - specialist in general medicine/family medicine for 24 years with at least 11 years of work as a GP at the Health Centre in Dalby, and thereafter regular work for 2-3 weeks annually in primary health care at various health centres in Southern Sweden - everyday clinical work with cardiovascular risk patients at the Clinical Research Unit Medicine (CRUM) at the Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Malmö, at present as senior consultant (15% of full-time employment) ( överläkare ). Scientific experience - main author or co-author of a total of 175 original papers (published or accepted for publications), with 40 of them during In addition I have authored more than 60 reviews or chapters in Text-book of medicine, as well as more than 100 papers in Swedish in peer-reviewed journals. - active member of scientific networks at the local, regional, national or international levels. Co-applicant of research large project proposals with the EU (EGIR, EPIC) - promoted to Professor of Clincial Cardiovascular Research, Lund University, in 2008 Pedagogical experiences - main tutor for 5 PhD students with accepted theses In addition I am at present the main tutor for 2 other PhD students as well as a co-tutor for three more - a long-time experience in teaching undergraduate medical students and nurse students, as well as long-standing activities in post-graduate teaching and training, both on the regional, national and international level (e.g. as a faculty member of the European Hypertension Society Summer School since seven years). - Author of a long series of materials and text-book chapter for educational activities Administrative experiences 13