Praktisk substitution av PFAS i projektet SUPFES

Transkript

1 Praktisk substitution av PFAS i projektet SUPFES Textildialogen 20 mars 2019 Sandra Roos och Christina Jönsson, RISE IVF, Steffen Schellenberger, Stockholms Universitet Research Institutes of Sweden Material och Produktion

2 Substitution in Practice of Prioritised Fluorinated Chemicals to Eliminate Diffuse Sources (SUPFES) - helt kort Projekt som drivs av Christina Jönsson vid RISE IVF (f.d. Swerea IVF) 16 miljoner i budget från Formas 4 forskningspartners: Stockholms Universitet, Amsterdams Universitet, Chalmers Tekniska Högskola och RISE/Swerea IVF 2 industripartners: Haglöfs och Käppala reningsverk Referensgrupp som innebar ett nätverk av alla relevanta aktörer: Industri: Archroma, Chemours (f.d. DuPont), Gore, Huntsman, OrganoClick, Rudolph Chemie, FOV, EOG, OIA och Kemikaliegruppen vid Swerea IVF Akademi: Leeds University, NGOs: Greenpeace Myndigheter: KemI, Naturvårdsverket, US EPA, UNEP/Stockholm Convention, Miljödirektoratet, UBA, Testmaterial insamlat genom Haglöfs samt Kemikaliegruppen vid Swerea IVF 2

3 En beprövad metod för substitution WP 3 Case studies Impact and Risk assessment Technical performance WP1 Characterization of PFCs in use WP 2 Alternative selection Toxicity and exposure assessment 3

4 Exempel på resultat av steg 1 - nulägesbilden Standardiserad analysmetod för PFAS i textil bakgrundsarbete av Ike van der Veen Svart på vitt att C6 är inte 100% C6 utan en blandning 4 unknown C8 C6 trousers, police uniforms trousers, military uniforms winter jacket ladies jacket winter jacket men's jacket men's jacket with hood men's jacket thermal trousers children overall jacket ski set 2-parts Light jacket jacket junior parka fabric fabric fabric fabric winter parka outdoor trousers ski jacket ski jacket ski jacket fabric fabric fabric fabric jacket jacket jacket jacket jacket child jacket 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Van der Veen, I., Weiss, J.M., Hanning, A.-C., de Boer, J., Leonards, P.E., (2016). Development and validation of a method for the quantification of extractable perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) and perfluorooctane sulfonamide (FOSA) in textiles. Talanta 147, PFBA PFPeA PFHxA PFHpA PFOA PFNA PFDA PFUnDA PFDoDA PFTeDA PFBS PFHxS L-PFOS FOSA 6:2-FTS

5 Exempel på resultat av steg 2 val av alternativ att undersöka Slutsats: det finns väldigt mycket dataluckor!!! Vi riskerar att byta till en kemi med okända faror. Hazard classification per endpoint Substance Human health Ecotox Fate C M R D E AT ST N AA CA P B Benchmark PFOA # H L H H PEA M H DG L L vh H Side-chain fluorinated polymers PFHxA # L L M M PEA L M DG L L vh L PFBS # DG L L L PEA L L DG L L vh L Silicones Short-chain silanols # DG DG DG DG DG DG DG DG DG DG DG DG DMSD # DG DG DG DG DG DG M DG DG DG vh L* TMS # DG L DG L DG M M DG L DG DG L* D4 L L L L PEA L H DG L vh vh vh D5 L L L L PEA H H DG L L vh vh Hydrocarbons Paraffin Wax # L L vl* vl* DG L M DG L* L* L L* Other chemistries (dendrimers, inorg. nano particles) Unknown DG DG DG DG DG DG DG DG DG DG DG DG 5 Reprinted from Holmquist, H., S. Schellenberger, I. van der Veen, G. M. Peters, P. E. Leonards and I. T. Cousins (2016). "Properties, performance and associated hazards of state-of-the-art durable water repellent (DWR) chemistry for textile finishing." Environ Int 91:

6 Exempel på resultat av steg 3 test av alternativ 6

7 How much function do we need in textiles? Strategies for replacing PFASs based on end-user requirements Steffen Schellenberger 1, Philippa J. Hill 2, Oscar Levenstam 3, Phillip. Gillgard 4, Richard S. Blackburn 2, Ian T. Cousins 1 1 ACES, Stockholm University, 2 School of Design, University of Leeds 3 Swedish School of Textiles, University of Borås 4 RISE IVF, Textile Research Institute, Gothenburg Sweden

8 Introduction What are durable water repellents (DWRs)? Fluorinated DWRs emission Side-chain fluorinated polymer (SFP) Persistent Bioaccumualtive Toxic substances Alternative DWRs Biodegradation OECD 302B Fatty acid-modified Saccharide (SA-HC) [1] Knepper et al.

9 Approach Requirements for liquid repellency in textiles Liquid repellency can be a nice to have function or a matter of survival Surgical gowns and drapes, doctor and nurse apparel Repellency requirements: Blood and body fluids (carriers for infections and viruses) casual walkers, conditions, backpackers, high-altitude mountaineers, skiers, recreational sailing Repellency requirements: Water, Stains?

10 How much function do we need in textiles?

11 Approach Substitution in Practice of Prioritized Fluorinated Chemicals to Eliminate Diffuse Sources (SUPFES) Chemical Alternatives Assessment

12 Results surface roll-off of different liquids Fluorinated DWRs Alternative DWRs g high g medium g low N g= Surface tension

13 Introduction Requirements for consumer outdoor apparel Survey: Outdoor consumer textiles [3] (n= 300)

14 Summary Non-fluorinated DWRs are suitable substitutes for consumer outdoor clothing considering their function and consumer needs Non-fluorinated DWRs are not suitable alternatives for medical textiles Laser structuring of silicons?

15 Slutsats från SUPFES En bra DWR-behandling innebär: Låga emissioner till vatten och luft (både under produktion och konsumtion) Beständighet mot åldring och nötning (klarar många användningar och tvättar) För konsumentprodukter uppfyller fluorfria DWR funktionskraven. Det saknas mycket data om DWR-behandlingar. Konsumenter saknar ofta kunskap om hur DWR-behandlingar fungerar för att nå maximal livslängd. => Ni som företag kan: Avstå använda fluor-dwr när det inte behövs (exempel nedan från Kemikaliegruppen) Ställa krav på era leverantörer att ta fram information om den DWR-behandling som används Ge kunderna kunskap om skötsel och efterbehandling

16 Läs gärna mer! Harder, R., H. Holmquist, S. Molander, M. Svanstrom and G. M. Peters (2015). "Review of Environmental Assessment Case Studies Blending Elements of Risk Assessment and Life Cycle Assessment." Environ Sci Technol 49(22): Holmquist, H., S. C. Jagers, S. Matti, M. Svanström and G. M. Peters (2018). "How information about hazardous fluorinated substances increases willingness-to-pay for alternative outdoor garments: A Swedish survey experiment." Journal of Cleaner Production. Holmquist, H., S. Schellenberger, I. van der Veen, G. M. Peters, P. E. Leonards and I. T. Cousins (2016). "Properties, performance and associated hazards of state-of-the-art durable water repellent (DWR) chemistry for textile finishing." Environ Int 91: Schellenberger, S., P. J. Hill, O. Levenstam, P. Gillgard, I T. Cousins, M. Taylor, R. S. Blackburn (2019). Highly fluorinated chemicals in functional textiles can be replaced by re-evaluating liquid repellency and end-user requirements, Journal of Cleaner Production Schellenberger, S., P. Gillgard, A. Stare, A. Hanning, O. Levenstam, S. Roos, I. T. Cousins (2017) Facing the rain after the phase out: Performance evaluation of alternative fluorinated and non-fluorinated durable water repellents for outdoor fabrics. Chemosphere 193: Van der Veen, I., Weiss, J.M., Hanning, A.-C., de Boer, J., Leonards, P.E., (2016). Development and validation of a method for the quantification of extractable perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) and perfluorooctane sulfonamide (FOSA) in textiles. Talanta 147, Roos, S., Jönsson, C., Posner, S., Arvidsson, R., & Svanström, M. (2018). An inventory framework for inclusion of textile chemicals in life cycle assessment. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, First Onli. Retrieved from Roos, S., H. Holmquist, C. Jönsson and R. Arvidsson (2018). "USEtox characterisation factors for textile chemicals based on a transparent data source selection strategy." The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 23(4): Roos, S. (2016). Advancing life cycle assessment of textile products to include textile chemicals. Inventory data and toxicity impact assessment. Chalmers University of Technology. Retrieved from Coming: Holmquist, H., P. Fantke, I. T. Cousins, M. Owsianiak, I. Liagkouridis and G. M. Peters. An (eco)toxicity life cycle impact assessment framework for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (Manuscript submitted to Environ Sci Technol). Van der Veen, I., Hanning, A.-C., Leonards, P., de Boer, J., Weiss, J.M., 2019a. The effect of weathering on per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) from durable water repellent (DWR) clothing. To be submitted to Chemosphere. Van der Veen, I., Hanning, A.-C., Schellenberger, S., Weiss, J., de Boer, J., Leonards, P., 2019b. The effect of weathering, washing and tumble drying on per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) from durable water repellent (DWR) clothing. To be submitted. Van der Veen, I., Schellenberger, S., Weiss, J., de Boer, J., Leonards, P., 2019c. Leaching of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) from durable water repellent (DWR) clothing. To be submitted. Holmquist, H., P. Fantke, I. T. Cousins, M. Owsianiak, I. Liagkouridis and G. M. Peters (2018). An (eco)toxicity life cycle impact assessment framework for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (Manuscript).

17 Backup

18 Introduction natural repellent surfaces Lotus leaf (a) (a) M ~160 High droplet roll-off mobility Water strider (a) (a) M ~167 non-wetting leg surface [2] (b) (c) (b) Micro and nanostrucured Morphology [1] (c) Crystalline wax tubules (b) (b) Surface structure (Chitin) [1] Barthlott W., Neinhuis C., Purity of the sacred lotus or escape from contamination in biological surfaces, Planta (1997) 202 [2] Evershed R., Berstan R. Grew F. Copley M., Charmant A., Brown, G. Z., Bushan B., Ultramicroscopy 106 (2006) , Nature 432 (2004) 36

19 Results Stain repellency What about other liquids and stains? Selection of relevant stains

20 Results Water roll-off angle roll-off roll-off

21 Results Stain repellency (surface roll-off) Reduced roll-off mobility for liquids with lower surface tensions Decreasing repellency with decresing Rf-chain length (C 8 F 17 >C 6 F 13 >C 4 F 9 ) Low stain repellency for non-fluorinated DWRs

22 Freshwater ecotoxicity impacts from the Swedish apparel sector over one year (cradle to gate) 2,5E+10 2,0E+10 1,5E+10 1,0E+10 5,0E+09 0,0E+00 Cotton Fibre production Yarn spinning Background processes Fabric production Wet treatment Foreground processes Garment production 22