SmartWay: Fuel-Saving Technologies for Today s s Fleets Fleets. EPA-MMTA Fuel-Saving Seminar June 15, 2007

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1 SmartWay: Fuel-Saving Technologies for Today s s Fleets Fleets EPA-MMTA Fuel-Saving Seminar June 15, 2007

2 EPA s Transportation & Air Quality Program Innovative Partnerships SmartWay National Clean Diesel Campaign Modeling, Testing and Research. Clean Automotive Technology Program Complete automotive testing laboratory National air quality models Regulations to reduce emissions from new vehicles, engines & motor fuels Passenger vehicles (cars, light trucks) Large trucks and buses Nonroad recreational, farm, construction, lawn & garden, aircraft, locomotive and marine 2

3 SmartWay Transport Partnership The SmartWay Transport Partnership is a program for truckers, designed by truckers (ATA working with EPA), to save fuel while significantly reducing greenhouse gases and air pollution. SmartWay was announced in January, 2002, and rolled out in February, The program aims to save between 3.3 and 6.6 billion gallons of diesel fuel per year which equals eliminating between million metric tons of CO2 emissions and up to 200,000 tons of NOx emissions per year. 3

4 SmartWay Focus: Accelerate Technology Deployment Most of the 600,000 US truck fleets are small fleets or owneroperators who often do not purchase new vehicles and/or retrofit equipment, due to cost considerations Medium and large fleets who do purchase new equipment may be slow to adopt new technologies, due to cost or performance uncertainty Heavy trucks can stay on the road for decades so technology evolution is slower to reach legacy fleet 4

5 Where the Fuel Goes Drag and rolling resistance consume 34% of fuel in typical tractor-trailer Only the engine uses more (60%); highly FE engines not yet available 5

6 EPA Technology Testing EPA conducted tests on impacts of reducing long-duration truck idling 42 tests on 9 class 8 trucks, using APUs and DFH Tests conducted in an emissions laboratory Tested with and without accessory load (A/C, heater) Results: 50% to 80%/hour fuel savings, and NOx and PM reductions EPA conducted tests on impacts of improving over-the-road truck fuel economy, by reducing aerodynamic and rolling resistance drag 42 tests on 6 class 8 trucks, over 5 different drive cycles Tests conducted on a test track, with PEMS Tested with and without low rolling resistance, single wide tires and trailer aerodynamic fairings Results: 10% per-mile fuel savings, and NOx reductions (PM not tested) 6

7 EPA Technology Testing, con t. EPA helped State of Texas design test for single wide tires on port drayage trucks 12 tests on 2 class 8 trucks with containers/chassis, over a port drayage drive cycle Tests conducted on a test track, with PEMS Included changes to hub, bearings and wheels Preliminary results significant fuel and NOx savings (PM not tested) EPA conducted modeling using dynamic vehicle models Included speed effects 7

8 Test Trucks Test trucks represent engine types and NOx strategies most prevalent in class 8 highway trucks: cooled EGR, ACERT, and electronic controls Mack Kenworth Freightliner 8

9 Technologies Used During Test 9

10 Results: Most Effective Ways to Save Fuel Cut top speed Each 1 mph increase = about 2% lower mpg At speeds over 60 mph, fuel economy loss > than time savings Higher speeds increase engine and tire wear Cut unnecessary weight Each 1,000 pounds cut improves fuel economy about 0.4% Reduce unnecessary idling Truck engines use about 1 gallon per hour APU uses only 0.2 (or less) gallon per hour 10

11 Use aerodynamics Most Effective Ways to Save Fuel, con t. Aerodynamic profile tractor could save thousands of dollars of fuel each year over a classic long nose tractor Aerodynamic trailer add-ons can provide a 5% - 7% fuel economy benefit Use lower rolling resistance tires Each 3% rr improvement generates 1% FE improvement Single wide tires can improve fuel economy by 4% - 8% - and are lighter-weight, with lower M&R costs (down time, service time, brake wear, etc) 11

12 Speed Reduction 12

13 Idle Reduction Technologies Average fuel savings Emissions Controlled Trucks:.8 gal/hr CO 2, NOx, and PM Automatic Shut-Down/Start Up System Battery Powered Systems Diesel Driven Heating System Auxiliary Power Unit/Generator Set Truck Stop Electrification 13

14 Boat Tail Trailer Aerodynamics Average fuel savings Emissions Controlled Trucks: 5% CO 2, NOx Trailer Side-skirts Gap Reducer 14

15 Low Rolling Resistance Tires Average fuel savings Emissions Controlled Trucks: 4-5% CO 2, NOx Single-wide tires and aluminum wheels Reduced rolling resistance Reduced weight Low rr duals also save fuel 15

16 Other Strategies to Save Fuel Keep tires inflated Automatic tire inflation systems or a very good tire maintenance program Each 10 psi under-inflation can increase fuel consumption by 1 1.5% Consider low-viscosity lubricants Can improve fuel economy about 2% (new formulations may be up to 4%) Adopt fuel-efficient driving and shifting techniques Try progressive shifting Stay RPM below the governor at cruise Maintain as high a gear as possible Spec your new truck to optimize drive train component matching transmission, rear axle ratio, engine HP Maintain as narrow a tractor-trailer gap as possible With flat beds, use tarps and smooth out load so it is more aerodynamic 16

17 SmartWay Upgrade Kits and SmartWay Tractors and Trailers SmartWay upgrade kits include fuel-saving technologies EPA tested Upgrade kits offered by dealerships, vendors, others OEs offering tractors and trailers with SmartWay-specification Can expand to other fuel-saving components 17

18 Innovative Financing Increase access to capital with loan programs and other innovative financing concepts for SmartWay Upgrade Kits. SBA-guaranteed SmartWay loan offered through several financial institutions Several states offer loans or grants through their energy or Small Business office Opportunities to leverage Carl Moyer and TERC funding 18

19 Questions? Thank you! Cheryl L. Bynum Technology and Fuels Team Leader SmartWay Transportation Partnership