Infrared technology for alcolocks. The KAIA project Objectives, concept Contactless measurement Infrared solution Achieved results Conclusions

Infrared technology for alcolocks Bertil Hök HÖK INSTRUMENT AB Håkan Pettersson AUTOLIV DEVELOPMENT AB The KAIA project Objectives, concept Contactless measurement Infrared solution Achieved results Conclusions

The KAIA Project Acronym for: Förar- och fordonskompatibel Alkoholsensor med Inbyggd Absolutmätning Objectives: Improve usability of alcolocks, prepare for vehicle integration, reduce life-cycle cost Leadership, IPR owner: Autoliv Engineering and technology: Specification, evaluation: Hök Instrument, SenseAir, Imego Volvo Cars, AB Volvo Project status: Basic concept developed, implemented and evaluated 2006-2008 Industrialization initiated 2008 Financing: Co-financed by the partners and the IVSS (Intelligent Vehicle Safety Systems) program administered by Vägverket, the Swedish Road and Traffic Administration

The KAIA concept Ease of operation, fast response, minimization of false blocking Contactless expiration 5-20 cm from sensor air mixing ratio determined by simultaneous measurement of CO 2 concentration EtOH+CO 2 measured by infrared (IR) sensor system no sensor degradation through product life cycle Protection against manipulation based on inherent properties Self-instructive and interactive procedure

KAIA target performance vs state of the art alcolocks State of the art KAIA target Resolution (mg/l) 0.03 0.01 Calibration factor variation (%) 15 15 Temperature range ( C) -40 +85-40 +85 Response time (seconds) 5 2 Selectivity Modified OIML list To be defined Electromagnetic immunity (V/m) 10 50-100 Chemical immunity Poisonable Yes Long term stability Degradation No degradation

Concept implementation and evaluation Calculations, simulations Physiological studies (individual variations, breathing pattern, environmental conditions) Model experiments Prototyping, measurements Field tests

Contactless measurement C int EtOH = C C extetoh extco2 C intco2 The internal EtOH concentration is determined by measuring EtOH and CO2 externally, and estimating the internal CO 2 concentration (typically 4.8 kpa)

Expirogram of EtOH, CO2 and H2O EtOH mg/l 0.30 0.25 Subject nr: 20 - max volume breath test II CO 2 kpa H 2 O mg/dl 5 0.20 0.15 4 3 EtOH mg/l CO2 kpa H2O mg/dl 0.10 2 0.05 1 0.00 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Exhalation time (s) A. Jonsson, B. Hök, L. Andersson, G. Hedenstierna (manuscript submitted for publication) Recording with Evidenzer, Nanopuls AB, Sweden

IR absorption spectra of EtOH and CO2 Pacific Norhwestern National Laboratory

System architecture 1 4 6 2 3 11 5 7 13 14 8 9 10 16 15 12 1 enclosure 2 IR source 3 collimator 4, 5 reflecting surfaces 6, 7 optics module 8 CO2 detector 9 EtOH detector 10, 11 shutter 12 signal processor 13 filter 4.3 µm (CO2) 14 filter 3.4 µm (EtOH) 15 display 16 fan

IR microsystem IR emitter SenseAir

KAIA prototype Design and photo: Manoo Eibpoosh, IMEGO

IR detector signal Voltage pulse to IR source Signal from IR detector and preamplifier

Calibration curves for EtOH and CO2 EtOH sensitivity 9.3 µv/mg/l Absorbance 2.0%/mg/L Linearity ±5% Noise 310nV=0.03mg/L RMS

Real breath signals at 0.28 mg/l

KAIA prototype output vs reference

Conclusions The KAIA concept has been successfully implemented, evaluation in progress Performance targets will be reached by further development (taylored optics module, optimized algorithms) Industrialization being initialized

Acknowledgement We thank all members of the KAIA team and advisors for their contributions: Gert Andersson, Imego Lars Andersson, Elpako Torbjörn Biding, Vägverket Bo Bjerre, Vägverket Anders Blückert, Hök Instrument Stig Boman, AB Volvo Manoo Eibpoosh, Imego Joakim Enerud, SenseAir Hans Graan, Autoliv Electronics John-Fredrik Grönvall, Volvo Cars Sjoerd Haasl, Imego Anders Haggård, Vägverket Göran Hedenstierna, Uppsala University Per Holmberg, Autoliv Electronics Christian Jonasson, Imego Liza Jakobsson, Vägverket Pontus Johannisson, Imego Annika Jonsson, Hök Instrument Tomas Jonsson, MHF Jonnie Järvegård, Hök Instrument Anders Lie, Vägverket Helen Ljung, Volvo Cars Hans Martin, SenseAir Lars Nylund, SenseAir Jan Olsson, Autoliv Patrik Pettersson, AB Volvo Torbjörn Pettersson, Imego Charlotte Roth, AB Volvo Henrik Rödjegård, SenseAir Thomas Sandström, Umeå University Martti Soininen, Volvo Cars Jacob Steggo, Hök Instrument Claes Tingvall, Vägverket Pavel Zyrianov, SenseAir Per Åkerlund, Hök Instrument

Thank you Please contact us if you have comments or questions Bertil Hök bertil@hokinstrument.se Håkan Pettersson hakan.pettersson@autoliv.com