Marinarkeologisk förundersökning

Transkript

1 Strandhamns kile, Ulebergshamn Marinarkeologisk förundersökning Tossene 983, Tossene socken, Sotenäs kommun Delia Ní Chíobháin Bohusläns museum Rapport 2010:54

2

3 Strandhamns kile, Ulebergshamn Marinarkeologisk förundersökning Tossene 983, Tossene socken, Sotenäs kommun Bohusläns museum Rapport 2010:54

4 ISSN Författare Delia Ní Chíobháin Grafisk form Gabriella Kalmar Layout och teknisk redigering Lisa K Larsson Omslagsbild Foto taget av Staffan von Arbin. Fotot visar undersökningsområdet mot väst. Illustration Författaren om inget annat anges Tryck Bording AB, Borås 2010 Kartor ur allmänt kartmaterial, Lantmäteriverket medgivande Kartor godkända från sekretessynpunkt för spridning Lantmäteriet Dnr /1841 Bohusläns museum Museigatan 1 Box Uddevalla tel , fax

5 Innehåll Svensk sammanfattning...5 Background...5 Landscape...8 Natural and cultural landscape...8 Ancient monument environment and... previous investigations...9 Method...9 Results...11 Tossene Dendrochronological analysis...11 Tossene Discussion...12 Conclusion and recommendations...12 References...13 Literature...13 Unpublished sources...13 Technical and administrative data...14 Appendices...15

6 4 Bohusläns museum 2010:54 Figure 1.Section of GSD-Property map with the location of the investigation area marked. Figur 1. Utsnitt ur GSD-Röda kartan/fastighetskartan med platsen för undersökningen markerad.

7 Strandhamns kile, Ulebergshamn 5 Svensk sammanfattning På uppdrag av Munkebogatans Samfällighetsförening och Länsstyrelsen i Västra Götalands län utförde Bohusläns museum i juni 2010 en marinarkeologisk förundersökning av fornlämningen Tossene 983, belägen inom vattenområdet Strandhamns kile, Ulebergshamn, Sotenäs kommun. Förundersökningen föranleddes av föreningens planer på att anlägga en brygga i området. Tossene 983 utgörs av en fartygslämning vilken av traditionen utpekas som ett av den holländske köpmannen och redaren David Slamans fartyg. Förundersökningen resulterade i positionsbestämning och preliminär avgräsning av skeppskonstruktionen. En dendrokronologisk analys antyder att fartyget kan härröra från mitten av 1500-talet, vilket gör den påstådda kopplingen till Slaman osäker. Vid provgropsgrävningen framkom dessutom ett hamnkulturlager (Tossene 1013) vilket utifrån fyndmaterialet grovt kan dateras till perioden tal. Den planerade bryggan kommer inte i direkt konflikt med fartygslämningen, men för att förhindra propellermuddringseffekter anser Bohusläns museum att de tre yttersta båtplatserna på bryggans södra sida bör utgå. Dessutom föreslås permanent utmärkning med bojar samt informationsskyltar på land. Vad gäller kulturlagret så bedöms inte detta ha sådan dignitet och omfattning att det inverkar på placeringen och utformningen av bryggan. Background In June of 2010 Bohusläns museum, in cooperation with Vänermuseet, carried out a preliminary underwater archaeological investigation (förundersökning) in Strandhamnskile, Ulebergshamn, Tossene socken, Sotenäs kommun (figures 1 5). The investigation was undertaken by request of the client Munkebogatans Samfällighetsförening and Länsstyrelsen of Västra Götalands län following an application for permission to construct a jetty at the site. Based on the known ancient site in the area, the shipwreck Tossene 983 which is also known as Slaman II, it was decided that an archaeological investigation would be required. The purpose of the preliminary investigation was to determine the presence and extent of submerged archaeological remains in the area and to limit potential damage to sites by the development. Tossene 983 is associated with a local tradition that a Dutch merchant who lived in the area in the 1600s was said to have scuttled some of his ships in the harbour. This tradition was one of the motivations for surveys conducted by the Göteborgs Amatördykarklubb between 1949 and Other registered monuments in the vicinity include Tossene 976 and 979 which consist of ballast mounds. Tossene 976 is located at the entrance to Strandhamns kile and Tossene 979 is located in the centre of Strandhamns kile.

8 6 Bohusläns museum 2010:54 Figure 2. Section of GSD-Property map with the location of the investigation area marked. Scale 1: Permission for distribution approved by the Security Officer. Lantmäteriet Dnr /1841. Figur 2. Utsnitt ur GSD-Fastighetskartan med platsen för undersökningen markerad. Skala 1: Godkänd ur sekretessynpunkt för spridning. Lantmäteriet Dnr /1841.

9 Strandhamns kile, Ulebergshamn 7 Figure 3. Section of GSD-Property map, sheets 8A 8h, 8A 7h, with the investigation area and nearby ancient remains marked. Scale 1: Permission for distribution approved by the Security Officer. Lantmäteriet Dnr /1841. Figur 3. Utsnitt ur GSD-Fastighetskartan, blad 8A 8h, 8A 7h, med översikt över undersökningsområdet samt närliggande fornlämningar markerade. Skala 1: Godkänd ur sekretessynpunkt för spridning. Lantmäteriet Dnr /1841.

10 8 Bohusläns museum 2010:54 Landscape Natural and cultural landscape Ulebergshamn is situated to the south east of Strandhamns kile, a sheltered natural haven with its entrance to the south west and runs to land between the Vindeklätten and Krasseberget hills. It is sheltered to the north by the Tvillingeberget and Pigeberget hills and has a maximum water depth of 3 4 meters. Further out to the west is the Ösöfjorden, leading into the Soten and Skagerrak. Ulebergshamn is first mentioned as a port in the year It is unclear when settlements were first established at the site, but it is likely that permanent residents were there toward the late 1500s. It has been stated that Ulebergshamn functioned as a shipping port for timber. According to local tradition, a merchant and shipowner named David Slaman, who lived and worked in Ulebergshamn during the 1600s, scuttled five of his ships in the harbour. The scuttling is alleged to have occurred shortly after the Peace of Roskilde in 1658, after which the Swedish crown, for some reason, demanded control of his vessels. Figure 4. View of the investigation area, facing northwest. Photo Staffan von Arbin. Bohusläns museum. Figur 4. Vy över undersökningsområdet, mot nordväst. Foto Staffan von Arbin. Bohusläns museum.

11 Strandhamns kile, Ulebergshamn 9 Ancient monument environment and previous investigations A number of surveys were conducted between the 1940s and 1960s in reaction to this local tradition by the Göteborgs Amatördykarklubb. The seasonal investigations were in cooperation with the Sjöfartsmuseet in Göteborg. Two wrecks were located, which were assumed to be remains of the Slaman vessels. The first discovered wreck, called Slaman I, was located on the east side of Knivsholmen, by Knivholmsbogen, while Slaman II was located inside Ulebergshamn, in shallow water along the southern shoreline and close to the investigation area. A smaller study in 1966 on Slaman II resulted in a master plan of the site and the recovery of some finds (Bergstrand 2006a, Notini 1967). The remains of Slaman II at the sediment level measured 15,5 meters in length, 5,45 meters in width and lie in NE SW orientation. During the study the wreck site was dredged and the deck planking removed. It was noted that the ship s bottom was missing (Johansson 1992:11). This activity was evident during this investigation as deck planking was discovered outside the wreck, on the northwestern extent. Among the finds recovered during the 1966 survey include a Bartmann jug dated to the late 1500s or the early 1600s and an engraved slate with the depiction of a ship (appendix 3). The image is of a three masted vessel with a quarterdeck and what could be interpreted as gun ports or guns, possibly contemporary with the jug. The large timber dimensions along with the Bartmann jug led the Göteborgs Amatördykarklubb to the conclusion that the wreck was either a merchantman or a man of war from the late 1500s or early 1600s (Lundell 1950). The two articles in which the diving club reported their studies (Lundell 1950, Notini 1967) mention no further discovery. Two separate archaeological investigations in Ulebergshamn during 2006 revealed two sites of similar composition. Tossene 976 was first detected during a sonar survey and subsequently identified on an archaeological diving survey as a ballast mound (Bergstrand 2006a). Tossene 979 was located during an investigation within Strandhamns kile and also consists of a ballast mound of gravel and flint. Flint as ballast for ships has been found associated with ship remains from the 1500s and modern times in western Sweden (Bergstrand 2006b). Figure 5. Diving operations in Ulebergshamn. Photo Delia Ní Chíobháin. Bohusläns museum. Figur 5. Dykarbete i Ulebergshamn. Foto Delia Ní Chíobháin. Bohusläns museum. Method The water in Ulebergshamn measures 3 4 meters and the bottom is of soft sediment. Diving archaeologists performed a visual survey while probing the bottom for evidence of archaeological remains. Dredging consisted of a total of nine test trenches, seven within the survey area and two along the extent of the survey area, in close proximity to the

12 10 Bohusläns museum 2010:54 Figure 6. Section of GSD-Property map showing investigation area, test trenches, samples for dendrochronological analysis and Tossene 983 and Scale 1: 500. Permission for distribution approved by the Security Officer. Lantmäteriet Dnr /1841. Figur 6. Utsnitt ur GSD-Fastighetskartan som visar utredningsområde, provgropar, prov för dendrokronologisk analys och Tossene 983 och Skala 1: 500. Godkänd ur sekretessynpunkt för spridning. Lantmäteriet Dnr /1841.

13 Strandhamns kile, Ulebergshamn 11 shipwreck site Tossene 983 (figure 6). The dredged remains of each test trench were sieved for evidence of cultural layers and archaeological remains. The extent of Tossesene 983 was determined by probing and three timber samples from the wreck were taken for dendrochronological analysis. Analysis was performed by dendrochronologist Thomas Bartholin (appendix 1). All diving was carried out with tethered surfacesupplied diving and diver-surface communications in accordance with the Work Environment Authority s (Arbetsmiljöverkets) regulations of commercial diving (AFS 1993:57) and the diving standards of Bohuslän museum. Archaeological remains, trenches and sampling locations were positioned by means of DGPS. Results Tossene 983 The location and preliminary extent of the Tossene 983 site could be established by the visual and probing survey. The wreck, which lies in a northeast southwest direction, is located to the west of the proposed jetty site and to the east of a jetty currently in use (figure 6). The extent of the wreck was measured at 15 meters long and 6 meters wide and is level with the marina bottom. Figure 7. Ship timbers from which dendrochronological samples were taken. Photo Delia Ní Chíobháin. Bohusläns museum. Figur 7. Skeppstimmer från vilka prover för dendrokronologisk analys togs. Foto Delia Ní Chíobháin. Bohusläns museum. Dendrochronological analysis Dendrochronological and wood provenance analysis was performed on three samples taken from the wreck (appendix 1). The three samples were taken from a radially split deck plank, a semi-tangential strake and a tangential deck plank (figure 7). All samples were of oak and while they lacked any sapwood, a felling date after 1517 was given. All samples shared the same provenance of northern Germany with the best correlation from Lower Saxony. The analysis indicates that the ship was built some time in the mid to late 1500s. It is thus possible that the wreck represents another and slightly older vessel than those of Slaman. Tossene 1013 The dredging of test trenches revealed evidence of cultural layers, Tossene 1013, within the survey area and adjacent to the shipwreck site (figure 6). The items recovered from the trenches include wooden chips, animal bones and teeth (figure 8), tile and brick fragments, fragments of flint (figure 9), ceramic shards (figure 10), hazelnut shells (figure 11) and leather fragments (appendix 2). The cultural layers are likely to date to the 17th to the beginning of the 20th century. They most likely derive from land and from ships anchoring in the harbour. Figure 8. Animal bones and teeth from test trenches. Photo Delia Ní Chíobháin. Bohusläns museum. Figur 8. Djurben och tänder påträffade i provgropar. Foto Delia Ní Chíobháin. Bohusläns museum.

14 12 Bohusläns museum 2010:54 Discussion The dendrochronological analysis performed on the three samples from Tossene 983 revealed that the site is possibly an earlier wreck than was previously thought, thus making the link to the Slaman tradition uncertain. Even though the wreck may not confirm the local tradition of Slaman, it is to be considered an important find for the area. The presence of cultural layers in the vicinity of the site is also very interesting and offers, together with the vessel remains, some insight to the use of Ulebergshamn and its settlement during the early modern period. Figure 9. Flint from test trenches. Photo Delia Ní Chíobháin. Bohusläns museum. Figur 9. Flinta från provgropar. Foto Delia Ní Chíobháin. Bohusläns museum. Conclusion and recommendations According to the preliminary investigation, the proposed jetty will not directly affect the wreck site Tossene 983. Due to the shallow water on the location, the site is at risk of being damaged by propeller wash of boats currently using the harbour. It is likely that further boat traffic resulting from the new jetty will increase this risk. In order to prevent this, Bohusläns museum suggests that the three outermost moorings on Figure 10. Ceramic shards from test trenches. Photo Delia Ní Chíobháin. Bohusläns museum. Figur 10. Keramikskärvor från provgropar. Foto: Delia Ní Chíobháin. Bohusläns museum.

15 Strandhamns kile, Ulebergshamn 13 the southern side of the jetty are withdrawn. Protective measures, in the form of marker/warning buoys placed around the site extent to limit the amount of traffic passing over it, should also be considered. It is also recommended that information pertaining to the wreck, its history and significance be displayed near its location on shore to create an awareness of the area s cultural environment. In regards to the cultural layers revealed within the area, Bohusläns museum considers them to be of less dignity. Thus, their presence will not affect the proposal. References Literature Bergstrand, T. 2006a. Vattenområdet Hunnebostrand Ulebergshamn. Arkeologisk utredning. Tossene socken, Sotenäs kommun. Bohusläns museum Rapport 2006:18. Uddevalla. Bergstrand, T. 2006b. Vattenområde vid Strandhamns kile. Arkeologisk utredning. Tossene socken, Sotenäs kommun. Bohusläns museum Rapport 2006:56. Uddevalla. Figure 11. Hazelnut shells from test trenches. Photo Delia Ní Chíobháin. Bohusläns museum. Figur 11. Hasselnötsskal från provgropar. Foto: Delia Ní Chíobháin. Bohusläns museum. Dykeriarbete. AFS 1993:57. Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen. Stockholm. Johansson, U Skeppsbrott i Västerhavet. Göteborg. Lundell, J Dykning och sjöhistoriskt fältarbete. Redogörelse över försöksdykningar i Ulebergshamn. Unda Maris 1949, Sjöfartsmuseet. Göteborg. Notini, S Slamanskeppen i Ulebergshamn. Unda Maris , Sjöfartsmuseet. Göteborg. Unpublished sources FMIS, Digitala fornminnesregistret, Riksantikvarieämbetet, Stockholm.

16 14 Bohusläns museum 2010:54 Technical and administrative data Lst dnr: Västarvet dnr: NOK Västarvet pnr: Fornlämningsnr: Tossene 983 Län: Kommun: Socken: Fastighet: Västra Götalands län Sotenäs Tossene Vattenområde i Strandhamnskile Ek. karta: 8A 8h, 8A 7h Läge: X: , Y: Koordinatsystem: RT 90 2,5 gon V Vattendjup: -0,5 till -4 m Uppdragsgivare: Ansvarig institution: Projektledare: Fältpersonal: Konsulter: Munkebogatans Samfällighetsförening Bohusläns museum Staffan von Arbin Staffan von Arbin Delia Ní Chióbháin Roland Peterson (Vänermuseet) Thomas Bartholin Fältarbetstid: 17 juni 2010 Arkeologtimmar: 24 Undersökt yta: m 2 Arkiv: Fynd: Bohusläns museums arkiv Inga fynd omhändertogs

17 Strandhamns kile, Ulebergshamn 15 Appendices Appendix 1. Report on dendrochronological analysis of Slaman II. Consultant Thomas Bartholin Rapport över dendrokronologisk analys av Slaman II. Konsult Thomas Bartholin Appendix 2. Test trenches with descriptions and finds Provgropar med beskrivning och fynd Appendix 3. Find list from the 1966 investigation of Slaman II Fyndlistan från 1966 års undersökning av Slaman II (Notini 1967)

18 Appendix 1. Report on dendrochronological analysis of Slaman II. Consultant Thomas Bartholin Rapport över dendrokronologisk analys av Slaman II. Konsult Thomas Bartholin Appendix 1. Report on dendrochronological analysis of Slaman II. Consultant: Thomas Bartholin. Rapport över dendrokronologisk analys av Slaman II. Konsult: Thomas Bartholin. Staffan von Arbin Bohusläns museum/västarvet Museigatan 1 Box Uddevalla Schweden Dendrokronologiske og vedanatomiske analyser af Slaman II vrag fra Bohus län. Slaman II: Prov 1, , ek, radial däksplanke, 7x45 cm, 107 årringe, ingen splint. Yderste årringe er fra Prov 2, , ek, halvtangential bordplanke, del, 6x26 cm, 98 årringe, ingen splint. Yderste årringe er fra Prov 3, , ek, tangential däksplanke, del, 6x20 cm, 33 årringe, ingen splint. Yderste årring fra Alle pröver passer fint sammen og har antagelig vokset i samme bestand. Träerne kan have vokset i Nordtyskland, bedst er ligheden mod Niedersachsen. Det tidligste fäldningstidspunkt er 1497 plus manglende splint på ca 20 år: 1517, hertil skal lägges et ukendt antal kernevedsårringe. Et större antal pröver vil kunne bidrage til at präcisere skibenes bygningsår og tömmerets herkomst. Pröverne opbevares på Nationalmuseet i Köbenhavn. Wentorf, den 26. september Med venlig hilsen og tak for uppdraget. Thomas Bartholin, Am Haidberg 18 D Wentorf Thomas.Bartholin@gmx.de ( vrak. Sendt pr. mail dd)

19 Appendix 2. Test trenches with descriptions and finds Provgropar med beskrivning och fynd Provgrop ID Vattendjup / meter Beskrivning Fynd PG cm stor, 90 cm djup Träflis/huggspån Små träfragment Tegelfragment Del av lädersula Djurben och djurtand Hasselnötsskal PG cm stor, 120 cm djup Träflis/huggspån Tegelfragment Djurben Flinta PG cm stor, 120 cm djup Tegelfragment Djurben och djurtand Hasselnötsskal Keramik (glaserat yngre rödgods) PG cm stor, 50 cm djup Träflis/huggspån Tegelfragment Djurben Hasselnötsskal Flinta PG cm stor, 50 cm djup Djurben Hasselnötsskal Tegelfragment Flinta Läderfragment PG cm stor, 80 cm djup Djurben Tegelfragment Flinta PG cm stor, 50 cm djup Tegelfragment Keramik (yngre rödgods) PG cm stor, 50 cm djup Tegelfragment Hasselnötsskal Djurtand PG cm stor, 70 cm djup Djurben Flinta Keramik (glaserat yngre rödgods) Lösfynd inom FU Djurben (griskäke) Tegelfragment Keramik (yngre rödgods)

20 Appendix 3. Find list from the 1966 investigation of Slaman II Fyndlistan från 1966 års undersökning av Slaman II (Notini 1967) Beskrivning Antal Glaserade tegel 5 Tegel med ornamentmönster 1 Bartmann-krus, med ornament 1 Platta med hål (trasig) 1 Skifferplatta med tecken av ett fartyg 1 Pollare av trä 1 Del av mastkrage 1 Bordläggningsplanka 1 Däcksknä 2 Träklamp med tränagel 1 Delar av bordläggningen 1 Större knapar 2 Mindre knape 1 Jungfru 1

21

22

23