Har förbudet att sälja tobak till minderåriga påverkat ungdomars möjligheter att köpa tobak? Mona Sundh. En studie av lagen om 18-årsgräns från 1997

Fakulteten för samhälls- och livsvetenskaper Folkhälsovetenskap Mona Sundh Har förbudet att sälja tobak till minderåriga påverkat ungdomars möjligheter att köpa tobak? En studie av lagen om 18-årsgräns från 1997 DOKTORSAVHANDLING Karlstad University Studies 2006:29

Mona Sundh Har förbudet att sälja tobak till minderåriga påverkat ungdomars möjligheter att köpa tobak? En studie av lagen om 18-årsgräns från 1997 Karlstad University Studies 2006:29

Mona Sundh. Har förbudet att sälja tobak till minderåriga påverkat ungdomars möjligheter att köpa tobak? En studie av lagen om 18-årsgräns från 1997 Doktorsavhandling Karlstad University Studies 2006:29 ISSN 1403-8099 ISBN91-7063-060-7 Författaren Distribution: Karlstads universitet Fakulteten för samhälls- och livsvetenskaper Folkhälsovetenskap 651 88 KARLSTAD SVERIGE 054-700 10 00 www.kau.se Tryck: Universitetstryckeriet, Karlstad 2006

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, 5!&' 5,5%(&'5 )6,%,5,64,, *, * 6,,, 5 " 6 45,,,,, 2 +,3 C,,,,4*, * 5 5*, *5*,, H,,"4 *,*, *; 55,, 6* > 5,* A *, * *,,, *5, 5) ", =) : :=E5:5,5=),6,=; 6, 5," 5 " H, 6 6 D,,, 4, 5,,,,, 45,%5*, 5,, * 5* &9,, * 5*(-%,*5* 4 5, " 5 5, >, 555,6 *6, 5! 5 *, 5 * 6 * *6 *,,, 5,, 5 4, 6, 5!54,6 60

, 5! 5 * 5,-(, 45, "",5,5,, " *, *, ",,,,, 5 5 6*Q2H6-3 Resultat %,, 2!( * 5* 9*5*3O!5*, &,,,,, 5!5;6*,5% 5,5,, 5*/,,,,, 5* E, 5,/**,5 &&,, E5 *, 5!52,536*,,5, 5!5-9,46*,,55!5 * ', #%<< " *,,5, #,6, 6*,!5* 5,6,5 "5*,, Metod "55*,,% &'''5 5& 61

"+,)**)** &9 5 % &%' 5 &''', O % &'-' * * 5!!&9&*5&'''* 5&'9?5,5 * /*5%! :, 5 *!5* - 2!( 3 O&'''!&' :, 5 %%& 5 2-3 A 5 *!5* 6 :5*4 *" **,5*5 *6, 545* * * 5 5* 5* * E5 % &''', 5 * 5*, 5, 555*, 5*,2&'''3,2%34 5** /" 6 6* " 6*,;: 5 5 *, 5,,; 6* Q 2H6-3 5:5* 5* * * 5 4 5* 5,, 4 *, 6* : 4 6 5* *: Resultat * *,2, 35, 5!5*,) 62

,5*5 5*, 2 * 53 4, 5*,5%&'''5,, 5*,256 3,5% &'''?,,, 5* 5 % &''' 5 6 5,5&"/5 *, 5* * 2%3,5* 2&'''3, % &''',,5*5,, 5***, #%<<< "*#!5*,,,*,, 5,6 5*5, Metod /"52%&''&3, &(', 5, *,&&(',4,%595 &''&!5*5, 5! 5 8, " % @",5&''&6?, 55,,&''&65 * -%, 5, " -!-, : * 5!%, O % 5*,, 5 #,, * 5*,, * 63

5*), 5 &''& " 55,, 5! 5! 5 *,, 6 5,5 " 5* " " E, Q 2H6-3 * 4*, " 5 5 &''&6,,5,6 Resultat, 5,,,5*% -, 6 * 5*,, O!',, +&''&%-4 &''&*,&''& " N,5 5,5,5!5 5 5, 6*,, 5! 5 *4 5* O&''& ** * 5, 6*, +, )* 5*,*, 5,,,* 5*,,E,5* *,5 5, 5 5 *,,,5 *!5* #%<= ")*"#,*,6, %&''(,6, 64

"!5* Metod / 5 5 5 " #, 6 " C 5*,, >,,%&''& &''( #+, )* * )* * &(', 5, % &''& &''(,-'', *, -(', >, %&''&, &''( 5,,,, 5,66 5 5 5 + 5 5,, 5, 5 5, A5,, 9! " 5, >,,5 O&''( 5 6* 6 C *,, " 6 5 6,5*" 6 *,5 6, : 6 5 5 4*,,&&655, " 5*,, )6 6 (, 6 6*66 ",, %,, * 5*, *,(-%, 6 * 5* O &''& &''(,,,55!'5 4*-(,, &-,5&''&O &''(,, *, (,6,,((5 2 53 I (, 5 5 65

&''(,,,,, 5 * "&-', **,-%,,,"5 E, 5 " * 4 Q2H6-3 Resultat 5*,,,*O&''(55 5*,, 9!,; ", 5 +, 6*,*,555 &''((!,, )*,,*,* &''&O&''( 9',,, )*,,*,* 5&''& &''( 5 9',,, @ * 5 5*,, 5,6, 5,5 * 5* 655 C ", 5 * 5*,*",&''&45"5 5 5 ", 5* #%= ")*"#,*,,!5*,, Metod "5**5 +, )* * )* * 4, *, 66

% &''' 5&''(; 5* " 45",# 45%5%!955 %%% 5+,)*)*?!9'9 & 45&'''55(5 %%& 5+,)*)*? '%%- - 45&''(55!9!5+, )* )*9-95+, )*?'%- 9 45&''(55-&95)*?-? * 5 * ",*55# @,=2MG66 G6 G66,3 8, = 2)6 G * 6 G G *6*5G*3 A5 5 * 5 5 #, 6C*6G,6C*6 @,,*,,5,4" " " 5 5# 2U, "# 3,*, Resultat @ 6 5, C* * *&''( 6*, % 5 )* )*+,*5, % &''( 6 5 4 ", 5 *,,*,E,5*,*% &''(5@5,,* % &''( 55 5 67

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Har förbudet att sälja tobak till minderåriga påverkat ungdomars möjligheter att köpa tobak? En studie av lagen om 18-årsgräns från 1997 Den 1 januari 1997 infördes i Sverige en lagstadgad åldersgräns vid 18 år för inköp av tobak. Syftet var att minska tillgängligheten till tobak för ungdomar och därmed minska konsumtionen av tobak. Det övergripande syftet med avhandlingen var att: studera om den svenska åldersgränsen för inköp av tobak påverkat ungdomars möjligheter att köpa tobak, studera hur efterlevnaden av åldersgränsen kan förbättras, vidareutveckla metoder för att följa efterlevnaden av 18-årsgränsen. Det empiriska underlaget för avhandlingen har utgjorts av: Provinköp av tobak som genomfördes 1996, 1999, 2002 samt 2005 i Malmö, Värmland och Västernorrland Enkätstudier om tobaksvanor och attityder som genomfördes 1996, 2000 samt 2005 bland elever i årskurs 7 och 9 samt 1996 och 2000 i årskurs 2 på gymnasiet totalt cirka 57 000 elever i nämnda tre regioner Strukturerade telefonintervjuer med nyckelpersoner i det tobakspreventiva arbetet. Analyserna av datamaterialet redovisas i fem artiklar som visar att: åldersgränsen har begränsat ungdomars möjlighet att köpa tobak. Efterlevnaden av lagen är dock fortfarande bristfällig. 2005 kunde ungefär varannan provinköpare köpa tobak utan att behöva bevisa sin ålder sämst var efterlevnaden i Malmö andelen dagligrökande ungdomar i årskurs 9 i grundskolan har minskat från 1996 till 2005 i Värmland och Västernorrland medan det inte skett någon förändring i Malmö den metod som använts för provinköp av tobak har fungerat väl. Karlstad University Studies ISSN 1403-8099 ISBN 91-7063-060-7