ARBETSMATERIAL. The Rise of City Networks and Megaregions OECD Territorial Review of Western Scandinavia Preliminary results

Transkript

1 The Rise of City Networks and Megaregions OECD Territorial Review of Western Scandinavia Preliminary results Tomas Ekberg Västra Götalandsregionen

2 The Rise of City Networks and Megaregions + + II

3 Neighbours matters NUTS 3 Level regions. Counties in Sweden Spatial spill-overs between regions are of major importance. Around half of the growth in a region over the period is explained by growth occurring in neighbouring ones. Upper secondary and tertiary education are strong drivers of growth. Highly-educated people can move or commute to neighbouring regions or work in companies that are linked to others in these regions, so increasing their growth. The direct effect measures the impact of the explanatory variables on the region itself, the indirect effect, the impact of the explanatory variables in neighbouring regions on the region. Neighbouring regions measured with time distance driving with values up to 2.5 h Source: Lavalle... European Territorial Trends - Facts and Prospects for Cities and Regions Ed. 2017, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 2017, JRC Agglomeration economies are confirmed as a driver of economic growth. Agglomeration means economies of scale, higher probability of innovation and concentration of high level services that are fundamental for growth. In addition, agglomeration produces a direct and an indirect effect on growth due to greater interaction between firms as well as people. Tradable sectors have a positive impact on economic growth. In this case the channels of the indirect effect might be related to commuting or subcontracting relationships. Source: European Commission, Seventh Report on economic, social and territorial cohesion. October 2017

4 Western Scandinavia shows good potential to develop into a megaregion Kulturella likheter, dynamisk utveckling, stark välfärd, väl utvecklade kluster, relativ närhet till varandra Economic connectedness in Western Scandinavia is Growing Ökade direktinvesteringar, centrala handelspartners, miljoner turister, allt fler pendlare,... Idag dock mer som två eller tre regioner med Göteborg som ankare Området länkas samman av en transportkorridor som är viktig i Norden Utvecklingen hindras av en undermålig järnvägsinfrastruktur Ett utvecklat klustersamarbete har starka förutsättningar 4

5 good potential to develop into a megaregion

6 Western Scandinavia has a robust economy and offers a variety of employment opportunities The regions are a key driver for the economy of their countries The economy has proved to be relatively robust to economic shocks Western Scandinavia is a leading innovation region in Europe Western Scandinavia provides a skilled local labour market Western Scandinavia is a logistic hub for freight Access to international markets remains limited EU Regional Innovation Scoreboard 2017

7 Functional integration of Western Scandinavia is held back by its limited railway network En helt central nordisk transportkorridor med Nordens största hamn 40 procent ökning av tung trafik över gränsen Norge/Sverige på 10 år I stort sett alla transporter sker på väg. Det är snabbare och billigare. En koordinerad lösning för hela sträckan behövs. Fråga om hållbarhet. Bra tillgänglighet krävs för att skapa nödvändig integration i området Den omöjliggörs idag av brister Oslo-Göteborg och delvis Malmö-Gbg Breda samhällsekonomiska analyser för hela sträckan behöver tas fram 7

8 Commuting flows in Western Scandinavia, 2014 Percentage of working population and absolute numbers 8

9 Commuting towards the Metropolitan Areas Towards the Metropolitan Area of Oslo Towards the Metropolitan Area of Gothenburg Towards the Metropolitan Area of Malmö Western Scandinavia National Boundaries 1%-2.5% 2.5%-5% 5%-10% 10%-15% 15% and more 9

10 Average speed and frequency of trains compared to other modes, 2017 Between main economic centres km/h A. Average speed by transport modes B. Number of trains per day and direction Train Car Bus Full speed Lower speed number

11 Western Scandinavia offers a high quality of life percentile of OECD regions OECD Median Norwegian and Swedish regions Mega-region Western Scandinavia OECD average Regions in the MR Western Scandinavia MR Western Scandinavia Education Life satisfaction 9 Jobs Community 4 Income Housing Safety 4 3 Accessiblity to services Health 2 1 Civic engagement Environment 0 Education Jobs Income Safety Health Environment Civic Accessiblity to engagement services Housing Community Life satisfaction

12 Governance in Western Scandinavia The geography of governance in Oslo, West Sweden and Skåne tends to reflect its functional geography, with good collaboration between the regional and municipal levels Long history of Nordic collaboration, many inter regional partnerships The lack of integrated transport planning in these three countries reflects lukewarm political interest in deepening cross-border co-operation on infrastructure and transport in the Nordic region Border regions find themselves relatively disadvantaged in terms of transport since there is no established framework to plan and implement cross-border transport infrastructure Long history of Nordic collaboration, many inter regional partnerships Samverkan över hela området, mer kunskapsutbyte än skarpa resultat

13 OECD konstaterar Klar potential att utvecklas till en Megaregion. Och det är viktigt. Ekonomi, företag, turism, boende, integreras mer. Utbytet ökar. De olika delarnas ekonomier är inte integrerade på de områden som kräver snabba spårbundna transporter. Med nordiska klimatambitioner är transportsystemet inte hållbart Utvecklad nordisk samverkan inom transportområdet borde vara en självklarhet Också på lokal och regional nivå finns mycket att göra. Utgå fran vardagen, investera långsiktigt, gör det på områden som betyder något och i de konstellationer som vill något i respektive fråga.

14 The point for Western Scandinavia is not to cover a pre-determined perimeter or to create an additional administrative apparatus. Rather, its success depends on its collective capacity to identify a clear vision for its future, capitalise on existing co-operation mechanisms, develop a menu of concrete actions for the short and the long term, and implement them effectively. OECD 2017

15 Joint Work, Key themes, Collaborative Networks Liveability/Culture/Events Vibrant and lively place, compelling attractive power, co-ordinated plans, development and implementation Climate/Sustainable futures Network of smart and sustainable cities Health and Well-being Dispersion of knowledge across institutions and companies Integrated Labour Market Services and matching of skills and jobs Sustainable and Green transport Mutual learning in road transport on self driving, low emission solutions and CB-analysis for modern rail Marine and Maritime environment Societal challenge to adress jointly Transition to a Bioeconomy A collaborative strategy? Biogas?

16 15 March 2018 GOTHENBURG Economic Development and Well-Being in the 21st Century The Rise of City Networks and Megaregions Launch of the OECD Territorial Review Megaregion Western Scandinavia