Ship Kommunikation. Magnus Nyberg

Transkript

1 AIS mer än n bara Ship-to- Ship Kommunikation Magnus Nyberg

2 Innehåll Introduktion Bakgrund Regelverk AIS Systemets omfattning AIS teknologin Hur fungerar det Vilka komponter finns i systemet Användningsomr ndningsområden den av AIS data AIS applikationer

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13 Bakgrund 1990 Första förslaget presenteras för IMO på Nav Ett utkast på tekniska krav presenteras för Nav 37. Baserat på Digital Selective Calling DSC teknik, 500 rep/tim 1995 Av kapacitetsskäl byter man tekniskt fokus från DSC till SOTDMA 1997 Utkast till standard presenteras för AIS, baserat på SOTDMA ITU WRC allokerar 2 internationella AIS VHF frekvenser; MHz (87B) and MHz (88B) IMO Standard för AIS (MSC.74(69) Annex 3), antages.

14 Bakgrund 1998 ITU publicerar den tekniska krav för AIS (ITU-R M.1371) 2000 IMO inför krav på AIS I SOLAS Kapitel V med start IEC publicerar internationell standard för AIS transpondrar 2001 Den första typgodkännanda av AIS transpondern på marknaden 2002 IMO:s krav på AIS installation för fartygen börjar gälla IEC startar standardisering för ytterligare AIS utrustning

15 Standards & Legislation

16 Standards & Legislation European Union

17 IMO:s syfte och mål med AIS AIS is intended to enhance: Safety of life at sea Safety and efficiency of navigation Protection of the marine environment By means of: Help identify vessels Assist in target tracking Simplify information exchange Assist in situational awareness AIS is a source of supplementary information for OOW Not an anti-collision device presently may be recommended by IMO resolution in due time An well operating AIS will be crucial for the ship/vts operators

18 AIS Operational Characteristics AIS allow efficient exchange of navigational data between ships and between ships and shore stations, thereby improving safety of navigation, safety of life at sea and protection of the marine environment Autonomous Ship-to-Ship, Ship-to-Shore Communication Broadcast and Point-to-Point Communication Autonomous and Continuous Operation. Operation is the same regardless of environment (open seas and coastal areas). Communication integrity maintained in overload situations. Report rates are maintained but cell size shrinks due to slot reuse and RF discrimination. Supports growth for future enhancements and new applications Application specific message support

19 Automatic and continuous broadcast of ships data: Dynamic data Static data Voyage related data Safety related data & text messages

20 Cellular Concept Travelling radio cells where data is passed automatically without any operator intervention

21 AIS data Static: MMSI number, IMO number, Call sign Length and beam Type of ship Location of position-fixing antenna Dynamic: Voyage related: Ship s position with accuracy indication and integrity status Time in UTC Course over ground (COG), Speed over ground (SOG) Heading, Rate of turn (ROT) Navigation status (e.g. Underway using engine/at anchor/ not under command/restricted maneuverability) Ship s draught Cargo type Destination and estimated time of arrival (ETA) Safety related messages: Broadcast messages, addressed messages

22 Report rate of Dynamic data Speed (knots) Update rate Increased rate seconds 3 1/3 seconds seconds 2 seconds seconds 2 seconds At anchor 180 seconds Increased rate when ship turning more than 10 degrees/min.

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24 AIS and Radar Only Radar Radar och AIS

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26 Framtida Navigering

27 Framtida Navigering

28 Framtida Navigering

29 Objectives of Shipborne AIS t 0 60 Seconds t 60 Next 60 Seconds t time slots 2250 time slots AIS 1 AIS 2 Ramp up 8 bits Training sequence 24 bits Start flag 8 bits Data (Payload) 168 bits CRC 16 bits End flag 8 bits Buffering 24 bits Total 256 bits A time slot (burst) is ms long and contain 256 bits of data (payload is 168 bits). Bite rate: 9600 bit/s One time slot is large enough to host all information in a position report (ships dynamic data) Four access schemes are used SOTDMA, ITDMA, RADTMA and FATDMA (only for Base Stations) Regional frequencies: MHz MHz AIS 1 default channel world wide: MHz AIS 2 default channel world wide: MHz

30 AIS räckvidd AIS är ett line of sight system Räckvidd styrs till stor del av antennhöjd Antennerna i Sverige sitter i stor utsträckning i TV master (>200 meter) 200 meters antennhöjd ger mer än 70 km räckvidd.

31 AIS täckning i Europa Data Storage & distribution center

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34 Oljespill utredindning

35 AIS Aids-to-Navigation

36 AIS AtoN

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40 AIS Aids-to-Navigation

41 Met/Hydro Information Met./Oceanographic Buoy Wind direction air temperature humidity dew point barometric pressure wind speed water temperature salinity, current speed current direction wave height wave direction wave period.

42 Met/Hydro Information (Cont ) Below Water; - Salinity - Sea surface temperature - Dissolved Oxygen - 7 channels of upwelling radiance data (ocean color) - Chlorophyll fluorescence - Turbidity - Surface ocean current speed and direction

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45 Oljespill monitorering Följning av rörelse av oljespill Projekt pågår inom EU. Pågående tester i Norge, Tyskland och Holland Räckvidd kan förbättras mha areostater under pågående sannerings projekt Utrustning Sfär cm i diameter AIS med batterikapacitet för 48 timmar till en vecka.

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48 THANK YOU Contact information: Magnus Nyberg Åminnevägen 19, SE , STOCKHOLM Tel: Fax: magnus.nyberg@trueheading.se