SVERIGES OFFICIELLA STATISTIK ARBETSMARKNAD SAMT ARBETS- OCH LÖNEFÖRHÅLLANDEN LÖNER DEL II LANTARBETARE, INDUSTRIARBETARE M. FL.

INLEDNING TILL Löner. Del. 2, Arbetare inom privat sektor / Statistiska centralbyrån. Stockholm, 1954-1986. (Sveriges officiella statistik). Täckningsår: 1952-1985. 1952-1960 utgiven av Socialstyrelsen. 1952 med titel: Löner : Lantarbetare, industriarbetare m fl. 1953-1981 med undertitel: Lantarbetare, industriarbetare m fl. 1982-1983 med undertitel: Lantarbetare, industriarbetare, butiksoch lagerpersonal inom varuhandel, restauranganställda m. fl. Med innehållsförteckning, sammanfattning och parallelltitel på engelska: Wages. Part 2. Utgavs parallellt med Löner. Del 1, Tjänstemän inom privat sektor. Föregångare: Lönestatistisk årsbok för Sverige / Socialstyrelsen. Stockholm, 1931-1953. (Sveriges officiella statistik). Täckningsår: 1929-1951. Efterföljare: Löner och sysselsättning inom privat sektor / Statistiska centralbyrån. Stockholm, 1987-1991. (Sveriges officiella statistik). Täckningsår: 1986-1990. Översiktspublikation: Historisk statistik för Sverige. Statistiska översiktstabeller : utöver i del I och del II publicerade t.o.m. år 1950 / Statistiska centralbyrån. Stockholm, 1960. Löner. Del 2, Lantarbetare, industriarbetare m.fl. 1955. (Sveriges officiella statistik). Digitaliserad av Statistiska centralbyrån (SCB) 2011. urn:nbn:se:scb-lonpr2-1955

SVERIGES OFFICIELLA STATISTIK ARBETSMARKNAD SAMT ARBETS- OCH LÖNEFÖRHÅLLANDEN LÖNER 1955 DEL II LANTARBETARE, INDUSTRIARBETARE M. FL. SOCIALSTYRELSEN STOCKHOLM 1957

OFFICIAL STATISTICS OF SWEDEN LABOUR MARKET AND CONDITIONS OF WORK AND WAGES WAGES 1955 PART II AGRICULTURAL AND INDUSTRIAL WORKERS, ETC. SOCIAL WELFARE BOARD STOCKHOLM 1957 ISAAC MARCUS BOKTRYCKERI AKTIEBOLAG

Förord Föreliggande publikation omfattar de definitiva resultaten av socialstyrelsens statistiska undersökningar rörande löneförhållandena år 1955 för arbetare inom jordbruk, trädgårdsodling, skogsbruk, industri, byggnadsoch anläggningsverksamhet, transportväsen m. m. Preliminära redogörelser har publicerats i Meddelande från socialstyrelsens utredningsbyrå. Svenska stadsförbundet har förutom de uppgifter om löneförhållandena vid vissa kommunala trafikföretag i september 1955, som redovisas i kapitel VIII, sammanställt uppgifter rörande löneförhållandena under hela år 1955 för kollektivavtalsanställda arbetare vid kommunala verk och byggnadsarbeten. Då detta material ej var färdigbearbetat vid den tidpunkt, då föreliggande publikation färdigställdes för tryckning, har endast ett par huvudsiffror här kunnat återges (tab. 21 och 22). En redogörelse för undersökningen i fråga kommer att lämnas i Meddelande från socialstyrelsens utredningsbyrå. Redogörelserna i kapitlen I III har utarbetats av t. f. förste aktuarien Carl Y:son Hermelin, i kapitlen IV VII av aktuarien Marianne Gustavsson och i kapitel VIII av amanuensen Arved Oksaar. Redogörelsen i kapitel IX har utarbetats i samarbete med väg- och vattenbyggnadsstyrelsen. Stockholm i maj 1957. ERNST BEXELIUS Leif Björk

V Innehållsförteckning Text I. Arbetare inom jordbruk Primärmaterialet och dess bearbetning 1 Löneutvecklingen åren 1946 1955 9 Arbetstids- och löneförhållanden år 1955 13 Arbetsåtgången per arealenhet och arbetsåtgångens förändringar från år 1954 till år 1955 18 II. Trädgårdsarbetare 19 III. Skogsarbetare 26 IV. Arbetare inom industri Primärmaterialet 28 Löneutvecklingen åren 1939 1955 33 Lönerna år 1955 34 Löneutvecklingen 1955 1956 44 V. Arbetare inom byggnads- och anläggningsverksamhet 44 VI. Arbetare i statlig tjänst 46 VII. Arbetare inom stuverirörelse 48 VIII. Arbetare vid trafikföretag och oljedistributionsföretag 49 IX. Arbetare inom det statliga vägväsendet 52 Texttabeller I. Arbetare inom jordbruk Tab. A. Primärmaterialets storlek i undersökningen av lantarbetarnas löneförhållanden år 1955 3 Tab. B. Uppräknat antal arbetare i olika löneforms- och yrkesgrupper i undersökningen av lantarbetarnas löneförhållanden år 1955 5 Tab. C. Uppräknat antal arbetsdagar i olika löneforms- och yrkesgrupper i undersökningen av lantarbetarnas löneförhållanden år 1955... 6 Tab. D. Förekomsten av ackordsarbete för lantarbetare i åldern 18 64 år, år 1955 7 Tab. E. Kollektivavtalens minimitimlöner, kr, åren 1946 1956 för fullt arbetsföra, dugliga och yrkesvana manliga lantarbetare (utan naturaförmåner), som fyllt 20 år, vid jordbruket i hela riket utom Västernorrlands, Jämtlands, Västerbottens och Norrbottens län 8 Tab. F. Genomsnittliga timförtjänster åren 1946 1955 för lantarbetare över 18 år 10 Tab. G. Genomsnittliga årsförtjänster åren 1946 1955 för lantarbetare över 18 år med minst 250 arbetsdagar under året hos den uppgiftslämnande arbetsgivaren 10 Tab. H. De individuella genomsnittliga timförtjänsternas spridning åren 1946 1955 för manliga lantarbetare över 18 år (oavsett löneform) 11 Tab. I. Årsförtjänsternas spridning åren 1946 1955 för manliga lantarbetare över 18 år med minst 250 arbetsdagar under året hos den uppgiftslämnande arbetsgivaren (oavsett löneform) 11 Tab. J. Jämförelse mellan löneutvecklingen 1946 1955 för lantarbetare och för andra arbetare 13 II. Trädgårdsarbetare Tab. K. Primärmaterialets storlek i undersökningen av trädgårdsarbetarnas löneförhållanden år 1955 20 Tab. L. Genomsnittliga timförtjänster åren 1948 1955 för trädgårdsarbetare (exkl. anläggningsarbetare) i åldern 18 64 år samt indextal (år 1948 = 100) utvisande förändringarna i dessa timförtjänster 22 Tab. M. Timlöner vid arbete på ordinarie arbetstid för arbetare inom trädgårdsodlingen enligt kollektivavtalen för år 1955 23 Tab. N. Förekomsten av lön in natura för trädgårdsarbetare i åldern 18 64 år, år 1955. Genomsnittsförtjänster för trädgårdsarbetare utan naturaförmåner och för trädgårdsarbetare med naturaförmåner 24

VI Tab. O. På grundval av uppräknat material beräknade indextal för antal arbetare, antal arbetsdagar och till arbetare utbetald lönesumma år 1955 (år 1954 = 100) vid trädgårdsföretag med uppgifter för båda åren 25 III. Skogsarbetare Tab. P. Skogsarbetarnas dagsförtjänster vintersäsongerna 1939/40 1955/56 enligt jägmästarnas uppgifter om den normala dagsförtjänsten i olika revir (ovägda genomsnitt) 26 Tab. Q. Skogsarbetarnas dagsförtjänster (kr) i olika län vintersäsongerna 1954/55 och 1955/56 enligt jägmästarnas uppgifter om den normala dagsförtjänsten i olika revir (eller delar av revir) 27 IV. Arbetare inom industri Tab. R. Antal redovisade företagsenheter och arbetare inom olika industrigrupper år 1955 30 Tab. S. Antal redovisade arbetstimmar år 1955 i industristatistiken och i lönestatistiken 31 Tab. T. Genomsnittliga timförtjänster år 1955 för arbetare inom olika industrigrupper 38 Tab. U. Genomsnittliga timförtjänster år 1955 för vuxna arbetare inom olika industrigrupper 38 Tab. V. Sammansättningen av den genomsnittliga timförtjänsten år 1955 för vuxna arbetare inom olika industrigrupper 39 Tab. X. Genomsnittlig timförtjänst år 1955 för vuxna kvinnor i procent av timförtjänsten för vuxna män 40 Tab. Y. Relationstal för den genomsnittliga timförtjänsten år 1955 för vuxna arbetare inom olika dyrortsgrupper 42 V. Arbetare inom byggnads- och anläggningsverksamhet Tab. Z. Genomsnittliga timförtjänster 1939 samt 1950 1955 för arbetare inom byggnads- och anläggningsverksamhet 46 VI. Arbetare i statlig tjänst Tab. Å. Genomsnittliga timförtjänster år 1955 för olika grupper av banarbetare, sysselsatta vid statens järnvägars drift- och underhållssamt förändrings- och nybyggnadsarbeten 47 VII. Arbetare inom stuverirörelse Tab. Ä. Genomsnittliga timförtjänster år 1955 för vuxna manliga arbetare inom stuverirörelse 48 Diagram Diagr. I. Penning- och reallöneutvecklingen åren 1946 1955 för manliga lantarbetare i åldern 18 år och däröver 12 Diagr. II. Genomsnittliga timförtjänster år 1955 för vissa grupper av manliga lantarbetare i åldern 18 64 år 16 Diagr. III. Penning- och reallöneutvecklingen 1939 1955 för vuxna manliga arbetare inom egentlig industri 33 Diagr. IV. Ackordsvolym år 1955 för vuxna manliga arbetare inom vissa industrigrupper 35 Diagr. V. Övertidsarbetets omfattning år 1955 för vuxna manliga arbetare inom vissa industrigrupper 36 Diagr. VI. Genomsnittliga timförtjänster år 1955 för vuxna arbetare inom olika dyrortsgrupper 41 Tabellavdelning Arbetare inom jordbruk Tab. 1. Lantarbetarnas fördelning efter antalet arbetsdagar hos de arbetsgivare som lämnat uppgifter till undersökningen av lantarbetarnas löneförhållanden år 1955. Förekomsten av övertidsarbete för dessa arbetare 55 Tab. 2. Lantarbetarnas genomsnittsförtjänster år 1955 56 Tab. 3. De individuella genomsnittliga timförtjänsternas spridning år

VII 1955 för manliga lantarbetare i åldern 18 64 år 57 Tab. 4. Årsförtjänsternas spridning år 1955 för manliga lantarbetare i åldern 18 64 år med minst 250 arbetsdagar under året hos den uppgiftslämnande arbetsgivaren 58 Tab. 5. Kontanta genomsnittliga timförtjänster av timlön, månadslön etc. vid tidlönsarbete på ordinarie arbetstid och på övertid år 1955 samt de totala genomsnittliga timförtjänsternas sammansättning av olika slags förtjänster för lantarbetare i åldern 18 64 år 59 Tab. 6. Sammansättningen av de genomsnittliga årsförtjänsterna år 1955 för lantarbetare i åldern 18 64 år med minst 250 arbetsdagar under året hos den uppgiftslämnande arbetsgivaren 60 Tab. 7. De individuella genomsnittliga timförtjänsternas spridning år 1955 för kvinnliga lantarbetare i åldern 18 64 år 61 Tab. 8. Genomsnittliga timförtjänster år 1955, oavsett löneform, för olika åldersgrupper av lantarbetare. 61 Tab. 9. Genomsnittliga timförtjänster år 1955 för vissa yrkesgrupper av manliga lantarbetare i åldern 18 64 år, i olika jordbruksområden och på gårdar med olika åkerareal 62 Tab. 10. Av brukarna själva, deras familjemedlemmar och anställda arbetare år 1955 gjorda arbetsdagar per 100 ha åker inom olika jordbruksområden 63 Tab. 11. Indextal för antalet arbetare år 1955 (år 1954 = 100) vid gårdar med uppgifter för båda åren 64 Tab. 12. Indextal för antal arbetsdagar och till arbetare utbetald lönesumma år 1955 (år 1954 = 100) vid gårdar med uppgifter för båda åren 65 Trädgårdsarbetare Tab. 13. Trädgårdsarbetarnas arbetstid år 1955 66 Tab. 14. Trädgårdsarbetarnas genomsnittsförtjänster år 1955 67 Tab. 15. De individuella genomsnittliga timförtjänsternas spridning år 1955 för trädgårdsarbetare... 68 Tab. 16. Årsförtjänsternas spridning år 1955 för trädgårdsarbetare i åldern 18 64 år med minst 250 arbetsdagar under året hos den uppgiftslämnande arbetsgivaren 69 Tab. 17. Kontanta genomsnittliga timförtjänster av timlön, månadslön etc. vid tidlönsarbete på ordinarie arbetstid och på övertid samt de totala genomsnittliga timförtjänsternas sammansättning av olika slags förtjänster för trädgårdsarbetare i åldern 18 64 år, år 1955 70 Tab. 18. Genomsnittliga timförtjänster år 1955 för trädgårdsarbetare i olika åldrar 71 Tab. 19. Genomsnittliga timförtjänster år 1955 för trädgårdsarbetare i åldern 18 64 år vid företag i olika dyrortsgrupper och vid olika stora företag 72 Arbetare inom industri Tab. 20. Redovisat antal företagsenheter och vuxna arbetare år 1955 inom industri m. m. med fördelning efter närings- och dyrortsgrupp 73 Tab. 21. Löneutvecklingen 1939 1955 för vuxna manliga arbetare inom industri m. m. 78 Tab. 22. Löneutvecklingen 1939 1955 för vuxna kvinnliga arbetare inom industri m. m. 79 Tab. 23. Förekomsten av ackords- och övertidsarbete år 1955 för vuxna arbetare inom industri m. m. 81 Tab. 24. Löneutvecklingen 1939 1955 för arbetare inom egentlig industri 82 Tab. 25. Genomsnittliga timförtjänster år 1955 för vuxna arbetare inom egentlig industri (inkl. privata elverk) 83 Tab. 26. Genomsnittliga timförtjänster år 1955 för vuxna arbetare inom egentlig industri (inkl. privata

VIII elverk) med fördelning efter dyrortsgrupp 88 Tab. 27. Genomsnittliga timförtjänster år 1955 för vuxna industriarbetare i vissa större städer 93 Tab. 28. Medeltal och indextal (samtliga industrigrupper = 100) för timförtjänsterna år 1955 (inkl. övertids- och skifttillägg samt helgdagslön, semesterlön och övriga förmåner) för vuxna arbetare inom egentlig industri 95 Tab. 29. Medeltal och indextal (samtliga industrigrupper = 100) för timförtjänsterna år 1955 (exkl. övertids- och skifttillägg samt helgdagslön, semesterlön och övriga förmåner) för vuxna arbetare inom egentlig industri 98 Tab. 30. Medeltal och indextal (motsvarande månad 1955 = 100) för timförtjänster för vuxna industriarbetare i februari, maj, augusti och november 1956 101 Arbetare inom byggnads- och anläggningsverksamhet Tab. 31. Genomsnittliga timförtjänster år 1955 för vuxna manliga arbetare inom byggnads- och anläggningsverksamhet 102 Tab. 32. Genomsnittliga timförtjänster år 1955 för vuxna manliga arbetare inom byggnads- och anläggningsverksamhet med fördelning efter dyrortsgrupp 103 Tab. 33. Genomsnittliga timförtjänster år 1955 för vuxna manliga arbetare inom byggnads- och anläggningsverksamhet i vissa större städer 104 Arbetare i statlig tjänst Tab. 34. Genomsnittliga timförtjänster år 1955 för vuxna arbetare inom statliga verk och byggnadsarbeten 105 Tab. 35. Genomsnittliga timförtjänster år 1955 för vuxna arbetare inom statliga verk och byggnadsarbeten med fördelning efter dyrortsgrupp 105 Tab. 36. Genomsnittliga timförtjänster år 1955 för arbetare vid Vattenfallsstyrelsens kraftverksbyggen och sjöregleringar 106 Arbetare vid trafikföretag och oljedistributionsföretag Tab. 37. Genomsnittliga timförtjänster under tredje kvartalet 1955 för vuxna manliga förare vid droskföretag 107 Tab. 38. Genomsnittliga timförtjänster under tredje kvartalet 1955 för vuxna manliga arbetare vid bussföretag 107 Tab. 39. Genomsnittliga timförtjänster under tredje kvartalet 1955 för vuxna manliga arbetare vid åkeriföretag 108 Tab. 40. Genomsnittliga timförtjänster under tredje kvartalet 1955 för vuxna manliga arbetare vid oljedistributionsföretag 109 Tab. 41. Genomsnittliga timförtjänster under september månad 1955 för vuxna manliga arbetare vid kommunala trafikföretag 110 Arbetare inom det statliga vägväsendet Tab. 42. Genomsnittliga timförtjänster år 1955 för manliga arbetare vid det statliga vägväsendet 111 Tab. 43. Genomsnittliga timförtjänster år 1955 för manliga arbetare vid det statliga vägväsendet med fördelning efter dyrortsgrupp 111 Bilagor 1 o. 2. Blankett och anvisningar för undersökningen av löneförhållandena för lantarbetare 112 115 3 o. 4. Blankett och anvisningar för undersökningen av löneförhållandena för trädgårdsarbetare 116 118 5. Blankett för undersökningen av löneförhållandena för industriarbetare m. fl. 119 6. Blankett för undersökningen av löneförhållandena för byggnadsarbetare 120 7. Anvisningar för undersökningen av löneförhållandena för industriarbetare m. fl. och för undersökningen av löneförhållandena för byggnadsarbetare 121

IX Contents Text I. Agricultural Workers Methods of compilation of data 1 Wage developments 1946 1955 9 Hours of work and wages in 1955 13 The number of working days per unit of acreage and the changes in labour input 1954 1955 18 II. Garden Workers 19 III. Forestry Workers 26 IV. Workers in Mining and Manufacturing Industries Collection of data 28 Wage developments 1939 1955 33 Wages in 1955 34 Wage developments 1955 1956 44 V. Workers in Building and Construction 44 VI. Wage earners in Government Service 46 VII. Workers in Stevedoring 48 VIII. Workers in Inland Transport and Petroleum Marketing 49 IX. Public Road Construction and Maintenance Workers 52 Tables in text I. Agricultural Workers Tab. A. The size of the primary material used in compiling the statistics on wages in agriculture in 1955 3 Tab. B.»Blown-up» numbers of workers in various groups, according to method of payment and occupation, in the statistics on wages in agriculture in 1955 5 Tab. C.»Blown-up» numbers of working days in various groups, according to method of payment and occupation, in the statistics on wages in agriculture in 1955 6 Tab. D. Frequency of piece-work among agricultural workers of between 18 64 years of age in 1955 7 Tab. E. Minimum hourly wages in kronor, fixed by collective agreements, for the years 1946 1956, of fully fit, capable and skilled male farm workers over 20 years of age (without payments in kind), employed in agriculture throughout the country except in the counties of Västernorrland, Jämtland, Västerbotten and Norrbotten 8 Tab. F. Average hourly earnings during the period 1946 1955 of agricultural workers over 18 years of age 10 Tab. G. Yearly average earnings during the period 1946 1955 of agricultural workers over 18 years of age having worked for the reporting employer for at least 250 days during the year 10 Tab. H. Dispersion of individual average hourly earnings 1946 1955 of male agricultural workers over 18 years of age (irrespective of method of payment) 11 Tab. I. Dispersion of yearly earnings 1946 1955 of male agricultural workers over 18 years of age having worked for the reporting employer at least 250 days during the year (irrespective of method of payment) 11 Tab. J. Comparison between the wage development of agricultural workers and that of other workers 1946 1955 13 II. Garden Workers Tab. K. The size of the primary material used in compiling the statistics on wages of garden workers in 1955 20 Tab. L. Average hourly earnings 1948 1955 of garden workers (excl. landscaping workers) of between

X 18 64 years of age, and index numbers (1948 = 100) of the changes in these earnings 22 Tab. M. Hourly wages for normal working hours in horticulture according to the collective agreements of 1955 23 Tab. N. Frequency of payments in kind received by garden workers of between 18 64 years of age in 1955. Average earnings of garden workers without payments in kind and of garden workers receiving payments in kind 24 Tab. O. Index numbers, 1954 = 100, (calculated on the basis of»blown-up» data) of number of garden workers in 1955 and the corresponding number of working days and wage totals in horticultural establishments which have provided reports for both years 25 III. Forestry Workers Tab. P. Daily earnings of forestry workers VII. Wage-earners in Stevedoring during the winter seasons 1939/40 1955/56 Tab. Ä. Average hourly earnings in 1955 according to reports of adult male workers in stevedoring 48 from the regional forestry inspectors on normal daily earnings in various districts (unweighted Charts averages) 26 Tab. Q. Daily earnings (kr) of forestry Chart I. The development of money and workers in various counties during real wages of male agricultural the winter seasons 1954/55 and workers over 18 years of age 1955/56 according to reports from between 1946 1955 12 the regional forestry inspectors on normal daily earnings in various districts 27 IV. Workers in Mining and Manufacturing Industries Tab. R. Numbers of establishments and numbers of workers accounted for in various branches of industry in 1955 30 Tab. S. Numbers of working hours in 1955 accounted for in the statistics of industry and in the statistics of wages 31 Tab. T. Average hourly earnings in 1955 of workers in various branches of industry 38 Tab. U. Average hourly earnings in 1955 of adult workers in various branches of industry 38 Tab. V. Composition of average hourly earnings in 1955 of adult workers in various branches of industry 39 Tab. X. Average hourly earnings in 1955 of adult women, in percentages of hourly earnings of adult men 40 Tab. Y. Comparative figures of average hourly earnings in 1955 of adult workers in various cost-of-living zones 42 V. Workers in Building and Construction Tab. Z. Average hourly earnings 1939 and 1950 1955 of workers in building and construction 46 VI. Wage-earners in Government Service Tab. Å. Average hourly earnings in 1955 of various groups of railroad workers engaged in the State Railways' traffic, maintenance and construction works 47 Chart II. Average hourly earnings in 1955 of certain groups of male agricultural workers of between 18 64 years of age 16 Chart III. The development of money and real wages of adult male workers in mining and manufacturing industries between 1939 1955 33 Chart IV. Frequency of piece-work in 1955 performed by adult male workers in certain branches of industry 35 Chart V. Frequency of overtime work in 1955 performed by adult male workers in certain branches of industry 36 Chart VI. Average hourly earnings in 1955 of adult workers in various cost-of-living zones 41

XI Tables Agricultural Workers Tab. 1. Distribution of agricultural workers by number of days worked during 1955 for the reporting employer. Frequency of overtime work 55 Tab. 2. Average earnings of agricultural workers in 1955 56 Tab. 3. Dispersion of individual average hourly earnings in 1955 of male agricultural workers of between 18 64 years of age 57 Tab. 4. Dispersion of yearly earnings in 1955 of male agricultural workers of between 18 64 years of age with at least 250 days worked during the year for the reporting Tab. employer 58 5. Average hourly cash earnings for time-work performed during normal working hours and on overtime in 1955 and the composition of average total hourly earnings of agricultural workers of between 18 64 years of age 59 Tab. 6. Composition of average yearly earnings in 1955 of agricultural workers of between 18 64 years of age having worked for the reporting employer at least 250 days during the year 60 Tab. 7. Dispersion of individual average hourly earnings in 1955 of female agricultural workers of between 18 64 years of age 61 Tab. 8. Average hourly earnings in 1955 (irrespective of method of payment) for various age groups of agricultural workers 61 Tab. 9. Average hourly earnings in 1955 for certain occupational groups of male agricultural workers of between 18 64 years of age in various agricultural districts and on farms with various acreages of arable land 62 Tab. 10. Number of days worked in 1955 by the farmers themselves, by family members and by employed workers per 100 hectares of arable land in various agricultural districts 63 Tab. 11. Index numbers (1954 = 100) of the number of workers in 1955 at farms which have reported for both years 64 Tab. 12. Index numbers (1954 = 100) of the number of working days and of wage totals in 1955 at farms wich have reported for both years 65 Garden Workers Tab. 13. Working hours of garden workers in 1955 66 Tab. 14. Average earnings in 1955 of garden workers 67 Tab. 15. Dispersion of individual average hourly earnings in 1955 of garden workers 68 Tab. 16. Dispersion of yearly earnings in 1955 of garden workers of between 18 64 years of age with at least 250 days worked during the year for the reporting employer 69 Tab. 17. Average hourly cash earnings for time-work performed during normal working hours and on overtime in 1955 and the composition of average total hourly earnings of garden workers of between 18 64 years of age.. 70 Tab. 18. Average hourly earnings in 1955 of garden workers of various ages 71 Tab. 19. Average hourly earnings in 1955 of garden workers of between 18 64 years of age by cost-of-living zone and size of establishment 72 Workers in Mining and Manufacturing Industries Tab. 20. Reported number of industrial establishments and number of adult wage-earners in 1955 classified according to branch of industry and cost-of-living zone.. 73 Tab. 21. Changes in hourly earnings 1939 1955 of adult male wage-earners in various branches of industry 78 Tab. 22. Changes in hourly earnings 1939

XII 1955 of adult female wage-earners in various branches of industry 79 Tab. 23. The frequency in 1955 of piecework and overtime work performed by adult wage-earners in various branches of industry 80 Tab. 24. Changes in hourly earnings 1939 1955 of wage-earners in mining and manufacturing industries.. 82 Tab. 25. Average hourly earnings in 1955 of adult wage-earners in mining and manufacturing industries (incl. private-owned power plants) 83 Tab. 26. Average hourly earnings in 1955 of adult wage-earners in mining and manufacturing industries (incl. private-owned power plants) in various cost-of-living zones 88 Tab. 27. Average earnings in 1955 of adult industrial wage-earners in certain large cities 93 Tab. 28. Averages and index numbers of hourly earnings (incl. all wage supplements) in 1955 of adult wage-earners in mining and manufacturing industries 95 Tab. 29. Averages and index numbers of hourly earnings (excl. wage supplements) in 1955 of adult wage-earners in mining and manufacturing industries 98 Tab. 30. Averages and index numbers (the corresponding month of 1955 = 100) of hourly earnings of adult industrial wage-earners in February, May, August and November 1956 101 Workers in Building and Construction Tab. 31. Average hourly earnings in 1955 of adult male wage-earners in building and construction 102 Tab. 32. Average hourly earnings in 1955 of adult male wage-earners in building and construction in various cost-of-living zones... 103 Tab. 33. Average hourly earnings in 1955 of adult male wage-earners in building and construction in certain large cities 104 Wage-earners in Government Service Tab. 34. Average hourly earnings in 1955 of adult wage-earners in government works 105 Tab. 35. Average hourly earnings in 1955 of adult wage-earners in government works in various cost-of-living zones 105 Tab. 36. Average hourly earnings in 1955 of workers at the State Power Board's hydro-electric power developments and water level adjustments 106 Workers in Inland Transport and Petroleum Marketing Tab. 37. Average hourly earnings during the third quarter of 1955 of adult male taxi-drivers 107 Tab. 38. Average hourly earnings during the third quarter of 1955 of adult male omnibus transport workers 107 Tab. 39. Average hourly earnings during the third quarter of 1955 of adult malemotor- truck transport workers 108 Tab. 40. Average hourly earnings during the third quarter of 1955 of adult male workers in petroleum marketing 109 Tab. 41. Average hourly earnings during September 1955 of adult male workers in municipal transport enterprises 110 Public Road Construction and Maintenance Workers Tab. 42. Average hourly earnings in 1955 of male workers employed in public road and bridge construction and maintenance works.. 111 Tab. 43. Average hourly earnings in 1955 of male workers employed in public road and bridge construction and maintenance works in various cost-of-living zones... 111 Appendices 1 and 2. Questionnaire, with instructions, used in the survey of wages of agricultural workers 112 115

XIII 3 and 4. Questionnaire, with instructions, used in the survey of wages of garden workers 116 118 5. Questionnaire used in the survey of wages of industrial workers 119 6. Questionnaire used in the survey of wages of building and construction workers 120 7. Instructions for filling in the questionnaires used in the survey of wages of industrial workers and of building and construction workers 121 Symboler använda i tabellerna Explanation of symbols Intet finns att redovisa Magnitude nil Uppgift ej tillgänglig eller alltför osäker Data not available or too uncertain to be för att angivas.. published

XIV Translation of words frequently occurring in the tables ackordsarbete ackordsvolym antal anställda arbetare arbetarkategori arbetsdagar arbetsgivare arbetstimmar brukare brukningsenhet dagarbete dagsförtjänst djurskötare dyrortsgrupp egentlig lantarbetare familjemedlemmar.. fördelning förekomst företagsenhet förändring genomsnittlig timförtjänst grovarbetare grupp gruppering gärd husbyggnadsarbetare högst indextal individuell jordbruk kollektivavtal kontant kvinnor kön ladugårdsförman... lantarbetare levnadskostnadsindex län lön(er) lönestatistik lönesumma lönesystem löneutveckling piece-work frequency of piece-work number employees wage-earner, worker category of workers working days employer hours of work farmer, tenant farmer farm, holding day-work daily earnings cattleman cost-of-living zone farm worker proper members of the family distribution, breakdown frequency, existence, occurrence establishment change average hourly earnings labourer group classification farm, holding house-building worker not more than index-number(s) individual agriculture collective agreement(s) cash females sex cattle foreman farm worker, agricultural worker cost-of-living index county wage(s), salary(ies) wage (salary) statistics payroll, wage total method(s) of payment, wage system(s) wage developments, trend of wages manliga medeltal minderåriga minst mjölkerska murare män naturaförmåner näringsgrupp olika penninglön procent produkt reallön relativ rättare samtliga semesterlön sjuklön skifttillägg skogsarbetare specialarbetare spridning statlig storlek städer tid tidlönsarbete tillagg timme traktorskötare trädgårdsarbetare... underhållsarbetare.. uppgifter uppgiftslämnare... vissa vuxna väg- och brobyggnadsarbetare yrke yrkesgrupp åkerareal år årsförtjänster övertid övriga male average minors at least milkmaid bricklayer males payments (benefits) in kind branch different, various money wage per cent product real wage relative farm foreman all holiday pay sick pay extra shift pay forestry worker specialized worker dispersion governmental size towns, cities time time-work supplement hour tractor operator garden worker maintenance worker reports, data reporting unit certain adults road and bridge construction workers occupation occupational group acreage year(s) yearly earnings overtime other

XV Summary I. Agricultural Workers Since 1937 the Social Welfare Board has compiled yearly statistics of wages in agriculture based on reports from farms. Up to 1953 the reporting farms were selected by the Rural Economy Associations. For 1954 the procedure used in the selection of the farms was changed. A systematic sample of 4 324 farms was drawn from the farms included in the yearly survey of acreage and livestock conducted by the Central Bureau of Statistics. The number of farms selected in the size groups 2 10, 10 20, 20 50 and over 50 hectares amounted to 1/168, 1/56, 1/28 and 1/7 of the number of farms in the corresponding size groups according to the 1951 census of agriculture. In the 1955 survey the same sample was used, with the exception of 67 farms which had ceased to exist as independent units. In the 1955 survey the Social Welfare Board received from 3 197 of the 4 257 farms selected reports on wages and number of hours worked for each individual wage-earner. Before any computation of average earnings etc. was made, the reported number of workers at holdings in the size groups 2 10, 10 20, and 20 50 hectares were»blown up» to correspond to the estimated number of workers which would have been obtained if the same sampling fraction and response rate (1/7 and 70,48 7o respectively) had been applicable for the farms in these size groups as for the farms with more than 50 hectares of arable land. The procedure is further described in»löner 1954», Part II, Appendix 1. As a rule both the reported and the»blown-up» number of workers are indicated in the tables. The average hourly and yearly earnings and the distribution of the workers according to the individual hourly earnings and to the yearly earnings have been computed on the basis of the»blownup» numbers of workers and the corresponding wage data. Classifications and definitions. In the wage statistics the agricultural workers are classified in four groups according to the methods of payment: 1) Workers without payments in kind, 2) Workers with free board, 3) Workers with free board and lodging, 4) Workers with necessaries of life and/or lodging. The following occupational classification is used with regard to male workers: 1) Farm foremen (rättare), 2) Farm workers proper (egentliga lantarbetare), 3) Tractor operators (traktorskötare), 4) Workers doing various jobs crops and livestock (arbetare med blandat arbete), 5) Cattle foremen (ladugårdsförmän), 0) Cattlemen (djurskötare), 7) Specialized workers (specialarbetare), 8) Other workers (övriga arbetare). The average hourly earnings (table 2) of a group of workers are computed as

XVI the quotient of the wage total paid to the group (excluding piece-work payments) and the corresponding sum of hours worked (excluding piece-work). The wage total comprises cash payments on a time-rate basis (including overtime), the value of payments in kind, holiday pay, commission etc. The median and quartile hourly earnings (tables 3 and 7) are calculated on the basis of the individual average hourly earnings. The average yearly earnings (table 2) are calculated as the quotient of the wage total paid to the workers for the year (including piece-work payments) and the number of workers; these averages as well as the corresponding medians and quartiles (table 4) only refer to workers for whom the respective employer has reported at least 250 working days during the year. Data on the development of earnings during the period 1946 1955 for the main groups of agricultural workers are given in tables F and G. Since the method of selection of reporting farms was changed in the 1954 survey, the average earnings computed for 1954 and 1955 are not fully comparable with the corresponding average earnings for the years 1946 1953. The index numbers of earnings in 1954 given in table F are computed on the basis of weighted averages of earnings for 10 groups of workers (five size groups of farms, covered and not covered respectively by collective agreements); the weights used are the totals of man-hours reported in the 1953 wage survey. The index numbers for 1955 (1946 = 100) are computed by chaining index numbers for 1955 (1954 = 100) to those for 1954 (1946 = 100). The index numbers in table F indicate that the earnings of male agricultural workers have increased approximately by 136 per cent since 1946. Wages in 1955. Table 2 indicates the average hourly and yearly earnings for various occupational groups of agricultural workers with different methods of payment, covered and not covered by collective agreements. Wages vary considerably with occupation, the method of payment, and the presence or absence of collective agreements. Male»farm workers proper» (18 64 years of age) earned on the average 3,13 kr per hour on farms covered by collective agreements, and 2,81 kr per hour on farms not covered by collective agreements. For cattlemen without payments in kind the average hourly earnings were 3,45 kr on farms covered by collective agreements. The corresponding average yearly earnings (only workers with at least 250 working days during the year) were 7 337 kr, 5 815 kr, and 8 955 kr respectively. Female»farm workers proper» (18 64 years of age) earned 2,57 kr per hour on farms covered by collective agreements and 2,01 kr on farms not covered by collective agreements. II. Garden Workers The statistics on wages in horticulture in 1955 were based on reports from employers concerning wages, number of hours etc. for each individual wage earner. In the 1955 survey reports were requested from the same sample of employers as in the survey of 1954. The questionnaire was answered by 1 759 employers. The sample was drawn from a list of horticultural establishments (market gardens, nursery-gardens etc.) reported to the 1951 census of produc-

XVII tion, distribution and services. AH establishments -with 3 or more wage earners and 10 per cent of other establishments were included in the sample. The number of workers reported in the lastmentioned group was»blown up» by a procedure analogous to the one used in the case of agricultural workers (cf. p. XV). As a rule both the reported and the»blown-up» number of workers are indicated in the tables. The following occupational classification is used: 1) Garden foremen (förmän), 2) Skilled garden workers (yrkesarbetare), 3) Garden labourers (grovarbetare), 4) Apprentices (elever, lärlingar), 5) Specialized workers (specialarbetare), 6) Other workers (övriga arbetare). The average hourly earnings of garden workers are calculated as the quotient of the wage total (including earnings from piece-work) and the total number of hours worked (including hours on piece-work). Yearly earnings of garden workers are computed according to the same principles as those used for agricultural workers (cf. p. XVI). The development of wages during the period 1948-1955 is shown in table L. The average earnings computed for 1954 and 1955 are not entirely comparable with the corresponding averages for previous years. The index numbers of average wages in 1954 for»all male workers» (samtliga manliga arbetare) and»all female workers» (samtliga kvinnliga arbetare) are based on averages weighted by the number of manhours reported for various sub-groups in the 1953 survey. All the index numbers of 1955 are calculated by chaining index numbers of 1955 (1954 = 100) to 2-570759 the index numbers of 1954 (1948 = 100). The average hourly earnings of skilled male workers (aged 18 64 years) covered by collective agreements were 3,52 kr and the average yearly earnings 8 332 kr (for workers with at least 250 working days). The corresponding averages for skilled male workers not covered by collective agreements were 3,22 kr and 7 298 kr, respectively. III. Forestry Workers The regional forestry inspectors have reported to the Social Welfare Board estimates of the normal daily earnings of 1) fellers and 2) haulers (man and horse) employed in public forests by the Swedish Forest Service during the winter season 1955/56. On the basis of these estimates the Social Welfare Board has calculated the unweighted average daily earnings of fellers as 36 kr (39 kr in Northern.Sweden) and those of haulers (man and horse) as 60 kr (69 kr in Northern Sweden). The average of the reported daily earnings, weighted by the quantities felled, has been calculated as 37 kr for fellers and 64 kr for haulers. In comparison with the survey of 1954/ 55 the unweighted average earnings of fellers as well as of haulers have risen by 4 % and the weighted average earnings by 5 %. IV. Workers in Mining and Manufacturing Industries Scope of survey and collection of data. Since 1918 the Social Welfare Board has carried out statistical investigations into the wages of workers in mining and manufacturing and related industries. The statistics were based on employers' reports. Beginning in 1954 a new proce-

XVIII dure was followed in the collection and tabulation of the data. According to an agreement between the Social Welfare Board and the Swedish Employers' Confederation, the Confederation was to collect reports on wage data from member firms engaged in mining and manufacturing, building and construction, inland transport, petroleum marketing and stevedoring, while the Social Welfare Board was to collect the corresponding data from firms not affiliated to the Confederation. The two sets of material were jointly tabulated by the Social Welfare Board. On the questionnaires used for the statistics of wages in mining and manufacturing in 1955, summary data on wages and man-hours were requested for the following groups of wage earners: a) adult and minor male and female workers on day work or 2-shift work or on 3-shift work with a working week of 48 hours; b) adult male workers with a working week of 45 1/3 hours in 3-shift work (stopping at the end of the week); c) adult male workers with a working week of 42 hours in 3-shift work (not stopping at the end of the week); d) adult male workers with a working week of 40 hours in underground work in mines etc. The data requested for each of these groups were: average number of workers employed during 1955, number of man-hours performed and total payrolls with breakdown by time-work and piece-work. Information was further requested concerning the number of overtime hours, overtime supplements, extra shift pay, public and annual holiday pay, and other wage supplements, e.g. payments in kind. The reporting units were either the firms, their local establishments or in some cases departments of establishments. Data were obtained altogether from about 11 000 establishments in mining and manufacturing industries (excl. public enterprises) with about 470 000 male and 108 000 female wage-earners. The total number of man-hours reported for 1955 amounted to 86 % of the corresponding number of man-hours reported in the Board of Trade's survey of industrial production and employment in 1955. The main groups in the industrial classification used for mining and manufacturing are shown in the table above. The breakdown into sub-groups corresponds with few exceptions to the classification used by the Board of Trade for the statistics of industry (cf.

XIX Sveriges officiella statistik: Industri, berättelse för år 1954, Stockholm 1956, pp. 61 62). Changes in wages since 1939. The average total hourly earnings of adult male wage-earners in mining and manufacturing rose by about 246 % between 1939 and 1955 (see table 24). The corresponding increase for adult female wage-earners was 282 %, and for juveniles 340 %. During the war years 1939 1945 the increase was 42 % for adult males, and 50 % for adult females. A further increase by 44 % for males and 52 % for females occurred during the years 1945 1950, and for the period 1950 1955 wages increased by 70 and 67 %, respectively. Between 1954 and 1955 the average increase in wages was 8 % for both male and female workers in mining and manufacturing. Real wages (see table 24 and chart III) rose by 62 % for adult men and by 79 % for adult women in mining and manufacturing during the years 1939 1955. Average hourly earnings in 1955. Three different averages of hourly earnings are computed: average hourly earnings from time-work and piece-work a) excluding any kind of wage supplements, b) including overtime supplements and extra shift pay and c) including overtime supplements, extra shift pay, holiday pay, and other wage supplements. The table on page XVIII shows the average hourly earnings a), b) and c) of adult workers in the main branches of industry. In table 25 corresponding data are given with a more detailed breakdown into branches of industry. The average total hourly earnings c) of all adult male workers amounted to 4,64 kr in 1955. The average hourly earnings c) of adult female workers were 3,21 kr or about 70 % of the average earnings of adult male workers. Nearly 50 % of the adult female workers reported were employed in the textile and clothing industries, where the average hourly earnings were 3,11 kr. The wage level is influenced by the frequency of piece-work, which as a rule gives higher hourly earnings than time-work. In mining and manufacturing as a whole, piece-work accounted for 61 % of the number of man-hours performed by adult male workers (see table 23). Piece-work is of relatively small importance in certain branches of the food industry and in the printing industry, while it is of great importance e.g. in iron, steel and copper works, shipyards, pulp factories and paper mills. For adult male workers in mining and manufacturing the hourly earnings (exclusive of all wage supplements) from piece-work were 16 % higher than the earnings from time-work: the corresponding figure for adult female workers was 17 %. When comparing the wage levels in various industries the location of the establishments with regard to cost-ofliving zones should be taken into consideration. Table 26 shows the average hourly earnings in 1955 in the various branches of industry and cost-of-living zones. The differences in hourly earnings between cost-of-living zones are considerable. In zone 2 (areas with the lowest cost-ofliving level) the average hourly earnings (including all supplements) of adult male workers were 24 % lower than in zone 5 (the highest zone). For adult female workers the corresponding difference was 18 %.

XX V. Workers in Building and Construction The statistics on wages in building and construction in 1955 are based on information concerning about 87 000 workers (excluding those employed by government agencies, cf. chapter VI). The material was collected by the Social Welfare Board in co-operation with the Swedish Employers' Confederation (cf, p. XVIII). Special questionnaires were sent to the house-building firms, which were requested to provide information on wages and hours with breakdown by adult males, adult females and male juveniles and by occupational groups. Plumbers', electricians', painters', tinners' and glaziers' firms, as well as; firms engaged in road and waterway construction, supplied the same type of information as firms in mining and manufacturing. The average hourly earnings c) (including all supplements) in 1955 for adult male workers in all branches covered amounted to 5,98 kr. In house-building the average earnings of all occupational groups were 6,10 kr; those of bricklayers were 7,27 kr, of carpenters 6,66 kr, of labourers 5,72 kr, and of other workers 5,10 kr. In road and waterway construction the average earnings were 6,16 kr, in electricians' firms 5,45 kr, in plumbers' firms 5,30 kr, in painters' firms 7,19 kr, in glaziers' firms 4,99 kr and in tinners' firms 6,49 kr. Between 1954 and 1955 the average hourly earnings of workers in the building and construction industries increased by 4 %. VI. Wage Earners in Government Service The Social Welfare Board has collected information on wages in 1955 in industrial establishments, construction works etc., operated directly by government agencies, such as the State Railways, the Post Office, the Telecommunications Office, the State Power Office and the Services. Data were collected on the same questionnaire as was used for private industrial establishments. The number of workers reported was about 38 000, of whom about 95 % were males. The average hourly earnings c) (including all supplements) amounted to 4,88 kr in 1955 for all adult male workers reported, and to 3,59 kr for adult female workers. Between 1954 and 1955 the earnings rose by 7 % for male workers and by 6 % for female workers. VII. Workers in Stevedoring Data on wages in stevedoring in 1955 were collected by the Social Welfare Board in co-operation with the Swedish Employers' Confederation (cf. p. XVIII). About 5 800 adult male workers were reported. The average hourly earnings c) (including all supplements) amounted to 5,96 kr. Between 1954 and 1955 the earnings rose by 13 %. VIII. Workers in Inland Transport and Petroleum Marketing Data on wages in inland transport and petroleum marketing during the third quarter of 1955 (or in the case of municipal tramway and omnibus transport during September 1955) were collected

XXI by the Social Welfare Board in co-operation with the Swedish Employers' Confederation and the Union of Swedish Towns. Table 37 shows the average hourly earnings, including commission and overtime pay (but excluding tips), of taxi-drivers. The average hourly earnings (excluding and including overtime supplements and supplements for shift-work etc.) of workers in omnibus transport (other than municipal enterprises), motor truck transport and petroleum marketing are shown in tables 38, 39 and 40. Between 1954 and 1955 the average hourly earnings (including overtime supplements and supplements for shiftwork etc.) of drivers in private omnibus transport increased by 10 %, in State omnibus transport by 14 % and in private motor truck transport by 13 %. The average earnings (including overtime supplements and supplements for shift-work etc.) of workers at gasoline stations amounted to 4,01 kr. Between 1954 and 1955 the earnings rose by 15 %. Table 41 shows the average hourly earnings (excluding and including overtime supplements) of workers in municipal tramway and omnibus enterprises. Between 1954 and 1955 the average earnings (including overtime supplements) of workers with monthly wages and working 48 and 45 hours a week increased by 8 % and 11 % respectively. IX. Public Road Construction and Maintenance Workers Statistics on the wages of workers employed in public road and bridge construction and maintenance works are compiled by the Roads and Waterways Administration on the basis of quarterly reports from local agencies. The average hourly earnings c) (including all supplements) in 1955 a- mounted to 4,39 kr for maintenance workers, 4,38 kr for garage, machine shop and store workers and 5,01 kr for road and bridge construction workers (cf. tables 42 and 43).

I. Arbetare inom jordbruk Primärmaterialet och dess bearbetning Urvalet av uppgiftslämnare. Metoderna för insamlingen av primärmaterialet till socialstyrelsens årliga statistik över lantarbetarnas löner har ändrats flera gånger sedan statistikens början år 1911. Uppgifter härom återfinns i Löner 1954, Del II, s. 1 och i tidigare årgångar av serien Lönestatistisk årsbok för Sverige (SOS). 1 Fr. o. m. undersökningen av lantarbetarlönerna under år 1954 har primärmaterialet insamlats enligt bestämmelserna i kungl. kungörelsen den 26 november 1954 (nr 668) angående uppgifter till lantarbetarstatistiken. Enligt denna kungörelse skall socialstyrelsen utvälja de brukare av jordbruksfastighet, från vilka uppgifter skall inhämtas. Frågeblanketterna skall av socialstyrelsen utsändas direkt till brukarna och 6varen skall insändas till hushållningssällskapen. Genom kungörelsen har hushållningssällskapen ålagts verka för att de av socialstyrelsen utsedda brukarna lämnar önskade uppgifter. Uppgifter till undersökningen av lantarbetarnas löneförhållanden under år 1954 begärdes från 4 324 brukningsenheter som genom ett systematiskt urvalsförfarande uttagits ur statistiska centralbyråns primärmaterial till 1954 års arealinventering. En närmare beskrivning av urvalsmetoden har lämnats i Löner 1954, Del II, bilaga 1. Arealinventeringens primärmaterial hade erhållits från ett antal brukningsenheter, som enligt ett systematiskt urvalsförfarande utvalts i RLF: s register över brukningsenheter i riket (se Jordbruksekonomiska Meddelanden 1954:8, s. 299). Av upplysningar som erhölls vid insamlingen av materialet till 1954 års undersökning framgick, att 47 av de utvalda brukningsenheterna skulle uteslutas ur urvalet enligt de regler som omtalats i Löner 1954, Del II, bilaga 1. I samband med insamlingen av 1955 års material uteslöts enligt samma regler ytterligare 20 brukningsenheter ur urvalet. Frågeblanketterna skickades till brukarna av de utvalda brukningsenheterna i slutet av december 1955. Via hushållningssällskapen erhöll socialstyrelsen.bearbetningsbara svar från 3 197 brukningsenheter. Urvalskvoterna (antalet ur arealinventeringens primärmaterial 1 Se t. ex. Lönestatistisk årsbok för Sverige ärg. 1936, s. 9 och årg. 1937, s. 11.