Fråga-svar. Uppehållstillstånd i Rumänien för syrisk medborgare gift med en rumänsk medborgare

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1 Fråga-svar Uppehållstillstånd i Rumänien för syrisk medborgare gift med en rumänsk medborgare Fråga Bakgrund: En syrisk man har sedan tidigt 1980-tal varit gift med en rumänsk medborgare. Mannen studerade i Rumänien i några år i början på 1980-talet men har därefter enbart besökt Rumänien en gång. Paret har sedan cirka 1985 bott i Syrien tillsammans med sina barn (som nu är vuxna). Kvinnan har inte erhållit syriskt medborgarskap utan har haft syriskt uppehållstillstånd. Parets barn har dubbelt medborgarskap. Mannen kom ensam till Sverige i början av år 2014 för att söka asyl p.g.a. kriget i Syrien. 1. Kan mannen (som enbart är syrisk medborgare) beviljas uppehållstillstånd i Rumänien på grund av hans äktenskap med en rumänsk medborgare trots att paret inte bott i Rumänien på nästan trettio år? 2. Vilken typ av uppehållstillstånd kan han i så fall beviljas? Sida 1 av 5

2 Svar I följande rapport redovisar UNHCR information från ett projekt som genomfördes i Bulgarien, Polen, Rumänien och Slovakien i samarbete med bl.a. Allmänna Inspektionen för invandring i Rumänien UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR, (2013): Interviews with beneficiaries of international protection and the experts assessments suggest that many beneficiaries may not apply for family reunification due to procedural obstacles, especially insurmountable practical and travel costs and inflexibility with documentation from the country of origin. Problems may also partly be due to legal obstacles. This section will shed more light on these legal and procedural obstacles when applying for family reunification. (sid ) In all four countries, both the legal framework for family reunion and for family reunification comprise the nuclear, i.e. the core, family, consisting of the spouse and minor unmarried children. The EU Family Reunification Directive sets this narrow definition as a minimum standard, but allows Member States to use a broader interpretation of family members to include other dependent family members as well as unmarried partners in a stable long-term relationship. For refugees, the EU Directive obliges the Member States to include parents of unaccompanied children.(sid. 70) In Romania, the asylum legislation on family reunification only comprises spouses and minor children, but accounts for both family members of refugees and beneficiaries of subsidiary protection on and outside Romanian territory. (sid. 71) In all four countries, refugees and beneficiaries of subsidiary protection can apply for family reunification upon recognition of their status without having to fulfil any residence requirement. Equally, there is neither a language nor an integration assessment requirement for the application for family reunification. This is also the case for TCNs in most European countries. The imposition of other requirements such as proof of economic resources, accommodation, or health insurance varies across the four countries.(sid. 72) In all countries but Poland, reunited family members will favourably obtain the same protection status as their sponsor, as long as they are recognized as beneficiaries of international protection themselves. If they undergo an individual refugee status determination procedure, upon recognition their protection status is independent of their sponsor s. The duration of the protection status is therefore at least as long as that for their sponsor status.(sid. 76 )

3 Rumänsk asyllagstiftning UN Human Rights Council (2010): 47. The Aliens Law of 2002 (republished in 2008) regulates the entry, stay and exit of aliens, including the aliens rights and obligations when in Romania, visa requirements, residence permits and leave to remain, the removal and expulsion of aliens, administrative detention (known as public custody), the issuance of travel and identity documents for aliens and the use and protection of aliens personal data.(sid. 11) Romanian legislation allows immigration for family reunification. Aliens holding a valid residence permit may request family reunification, inter alia, with the spouse; dependent children and dependent relatives of the sponsor or his/her spouse of first-degree kinship in the ascending line, in cases where they are unable to look after themselves. The visa is generally issued for a period of 90 days. Residence permits can be extended for the duration of the sponsor s permit or, up to five years for family members of a Romanian citizen.(sid. 13) Romania: Law No. 122/2006 on Asylum in Romania [Romania], 25 August 2006 Article 7 Unity of the Family The Romanian authorities guarantee that the principle of family unity is abided by, according to the provisions of the present law. Article 24 Acknowledging refugee status for family members (1) Refugee status is also granted, by request, to family members stipulated in article 2 letter j) who are on Romanian territory, except for the cases in which the respective people are found in one of the situations mentioned in article 25. (2) In the case of the husband or, respectively, of the wife, the provisions of paragraph (1) are applied only if the person whose refugee status was recognized on the basis of article 23 was married before entering Romania. (3) In the situation in which the family member does not fulfill the conditions stipulated in paragraph (1) and, by case, paragraph (2), the latter s asylum application will be analyzed according to the provisions of article 23 and article 26. Section 2 Article 71

4 (1) The person who has been recognized a form of protection under the conditions of article 23 and article 26 can submit an asylum application for the members of his/her family stipulated in article 2 letter j), if they are not on Romanian territory. (2) These applications are submitted with the National Refugee Office or with its territorial structures. (3) In the case in which the official stipulated in article 48 paragraph (2) considers that proof of the family connection has been made by the beneficiary of the form of protection or, by case, a marriage made before entry into Romania, will request of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs the granting of a visa and the release of a travel document for the family members stipulated in paragraph (1). (4) After the family members enter onto Romanian territory, in the case in which their approval regarding the asylum application exists, the resolution of the application will be done according to the provisions of the present law. Article 135 In the sense of the present article, in the cases where families were already formed in the country of origin and have been separated owing to the circumstances during the massive influx, the following persons shall be considered family members of the beneficiary of temporary protection: a) the wife/ husband; b) the unmarried minor of the beneficiary or of the husband/ wife, without distinction on whether the minor is born inside or outside of the marriage or has been adopted. (2) In the cases in which the members of the separated family have been granted temporary protection in different member states, the family members will be reunited, their wish being taken into consideration. (3) When one or some of the family members of the beneficiary of temporary protection are not yet found in Romania, the family reunification will take place, if it is asserted that they need protection, and do not find themselves in one of the cases provided in art 141. (4) In order to establish the state where the family reunification will take place, the National Refugee Office cooperates with similar institutions in the responsible member states. (5) In the case where the family reunification takes place in Romania, the family members of the beneficiary of temporary protection are issued documents through which they are granted the permission to remain on Romania s territory. (6) In the case where the family reunification does not take place in Romania, at the time of making the transfer of the family members to the member state s territory for reunification, the documents issued as per art. 133 paragraph (1) letter a) are withdrawn and the obligations of the Romanian state relating to the temporary protection of the concerned persons cease.

5 (7) In order to apply the provisions of the present article, the National Refugee Office can cooperate with the concerned international organizations. (8) The National Refugee Office, at the request of similar institutions in other member states, shares information regarding a beneficiary of temporary protection in the case in which the information are necessary for the application of the provisions of the present article. Denna sammanställning av information/länkar är baserad på informationssökningar gjorda under en begränsad tid. Den är sammanställd utifrån noggrant utvalda och allmänt tillgängliga informationskällor. Alla använda källor refereras. All information som presenteras, med undantag av obestridda/uppenbara fakta, har dubbelkontrollerats om inget annat anges. Sammanställningen gör inte anspråk på att vara uttömmande och bör inte tillmätas exklusivt bevisvärde i samband med avgörandet av ett enskilt ärende. Informationen i sammanställningen återspeglar inte nödvändigtvis Migrationsverkets officiella ståndpunkt i en viss fråga och det finns ingen avsikt att genom sammanställningen göra politiska ställningstaganden. Refererade dokument bör läsas i sitt sammanhang. Källförteckning Romania: Law No. 122/2006 on Asylum in Romania [Romania], 25 August UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Refugee Integration and the Use of Indicators: Evidence from Central Europe, December UN Human Rights Council, Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Human Rights of Migrants : addendum,