Johan Sundberg Delägare i forsknings och utredningsföretaget. Forskningsledare för avfallsgruppen på Chalmers 1993 2005 (tekn. doktor i avfallssystemanalys 1993). (Projektinriktad forskning och utveckling) etablerades 1987 och består idag av 18 personer. är ett oberoende forsknings och utredningsföretag inom energi och avfallsområdet.
Energi ur avfall svenskt kunnande på export Energi från avfall i ett europeiskt perspektiv Vad kan Sverige bidra med och var? Vi har stora möjligheter att kraftigt expandera exporten av svensk kompetens inom området energi från avfall! Sverige har kompetensen Marknaden växer kraftigt Vi har under de senaste åren ökat exporten!
Fyra exportprodukter: Avfallsbehandlingstjänster Avfallsförbränning, biogasproduktion, förbehandling, mm. Teknikexport Förbränningsteknik (rökgasrening, mm), biogasteknik, för och efterbehandling, fjärrvärme, mm. Systemlösningar för integrerad avfallsbehandling Förbränning, biologiskbehandling, källsortering, materialåtervinning, mm. Utbildning
Avfallsmängder och behandlingskapacitet i Sverige (maj 2009) 8 [Mton/år] 7 6 5 4 3 Ca 800 000 ton Ca 2 000 000 ton 2 1 Avfallsmängd grundfall Avfallsmängd Scenario låg och hög Behandlingskapacitet inkl. alla planer Behandlingskapacitet inkl. planer med tillstånd Behandlingskapacitet inkl. definitivt beslutade planer 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Share of MSW that is landfilled (%) Landfilling of MSW (år 2005, Eurostat, ) Share of MSW that was landfilled year 2005. Over 150 Mtonnes waste was sent to landfilling in EU27 in 2006! (MSW and industrial waste) Values are calculated by from official statistics, Eurostat etc.
Treatment of Municipal Waste in 2007 [%] 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Composted Recycled Incinerated Landfilled Bulgaria Romania Lithuania Malta Poland Cyprus Latvia Greece Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Slovenia Ireland Estonia Portugal Spain United Kingdom Finland Italy France Luxembourg Austria Sweden Belgium Denmark Netherlands Germany EU 27 Source: Eurostat 2009
Average electricity and heat production from incineration plants in Europe. Useful energi per tonne MSW incinerated 3,0 2,5 [MWh/tonne MSW incinerated Note: The diagram would show higher values if incineration of industrial waste also were included in the calculation. Sweden would then reach just above 3 MWh/ton. Electricity Heat 2,0 1,5 1,0 0,5 0,0 Sweden Czech Republic Denmark Norway Finland Switzerland The Netherlands Germany Hungery France Italy Spain Belgium Portugal Austria Great Britain Ireland Latvia Poland
Target: 20 % greenhouse gas reduction by 2020 Share of target (%) 100 90 80 70 60 50 Other waste management demands are fulfilled, e.g. material recyling. The presented potential for energy plants uses waste that otherwise would have been landfilled 40 30 20 10 High Low Approximately half of the reduction is gained from avoiding landfilling and half from replacing fossil fuels. 0 EU target Potential contribution from waste to energy plants
Target: 20 % increase in the share of renewable energy in final energy consumption by 2020 Share of target (%) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 EU target High Low Potential contribution from waste to energy plants EU target: Increase the share of renewable energy in final energy consumption to 20% by 2020 compared to the consumption 2005. (Directive 2009/28/EC)
Götaforsliden 13, nedre 431 34 Mölndal 031-720 8396/8390 johan.sundberg@profu.se www.profu.se
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Potential contribution from waste to energy plants to EU:s target to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 20% before 2020. Share of target (%) 100 90 80 70 60 50 Other waste management demands are fulfilled, e.g. material recyling. The presented potential for energy plants uses waste that otherwise would have been landfilled 40 30 20 10 High Low Approximately half of the reduction is gained from avoiding landfilling and half from replacing fossil fuels. 0 EU target Potential contribution from waste to energy plants 31%
Utbyggnad av svensk avfallsförbränning 7,0 6,5 6,0 [Mton] Befintlig kapacitet Under byggnation Planer med miljötillstånd Planer utan miljötillstånd 5,5 5,0 4,5 4,0 3,5 3,0 2,5 2,0 1,5 1,0 0,5 0,0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Kapacitetsutbyggnad för förbränning av hushållsavfall, industriavfall och utsorterade avfallsbränslen, Källa.
Avfallsmängder och behandlingskapacitet i Sverige (maj 2009) 8 [Mton/år] 7 6 5 4 3 Ca 800 000 ton Ca 2 000 000 ton 2 1 Avfallsmängd grundfall Avfallsmängd Scenario låg och hög Behandlingskapacitet inkl. alla planer Behandlingskapacitet inkl. planer med tillstånd Behandlingskapacitet inkl. definitivt beslutade planer 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Resulting changes i GHG emissons from increasing incineration with one tonne MSW Result for Sweden kg CO2-eq/tonne MSW 600 400 200 0 Sysav, Malmö Renova, Gothenburg Sweden -200-400 -600-800
C02 emissons from for alternative electricity production Marginal electricity production in the electricity grid of northern Europe. 630 kg CO2/MWh el 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% High Low 400 kg CO2/MWh el Wind Biofuels Natural gas Coal +CCS Coal The high and low alternatives are assumptions based on results from a scenario analysis with the MARKAL model (Elforsk 2008:30). The results shows average marginal electricity production for the period 2009-2037.
Potential contribution from waste to energy plants to EU:s target to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Share of target (%) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 20% reduction of GHG by 2020 31% 35% 27% 10 0 EU target Potential contribution Maximum contribution Maximum incineration but with lower energy production
Den svensk/norska marknaden för avfallsförbränning - Samverkan och konkurrens.
Case Study Gothenburg: Renova s waste management system Gothenburg The Renova company is a regional waste management company situated in Gothenburg and owned by 11 municipalities. In 2008, Renova processed 668,000 tonnes of waste and recyclable
Resulting changes i GHG emissons from increasing incineration with one tonne MSW Case study Renova (Gothenburg) kg CO2-eq/tonne MSW 600 400 200 0-200 Direct emissions of CO2 from incineration. (the fossil part of a the waste). A B Emissions from transporting the waste. (Truck 300 km, empty return!) C D Electricity production in the DH system is reduced (CHPplants) which needs to be compensated with external electricity production. E F G Resulting reduction of CO2 emissions from increasing incineration with 1 tonne MSW. H -400-600 -800 Avoided emissions from not landfilling the waste (modern landfill with gas extraction).
Resulting changes i GHG emissons from increasing incineration with one tonne MSW Case study Renova (Gothenburg) kg CO2-eq/tonne MSW 600 400 200 0-200 A B C Emissions of fossil carbon according to recently made C 14 tests (Renova 2009) D E F G H -400-600 -800
Systemstudie Avfall Göteborg Studerade nya tekniker (tekniker valda i fas 4) Säck och kärl (Hushållsavfall) Källsorterat matavfall (Hushållsavfall) Grovavfall (Hushållsavfall) Verksamhetsavfall (inkl bygg o riv.) Avloppsslam Block 1: Termisk behandling Bränsleförädling (sortering, beredning) Sorteringsanläggning utv. Ludvikasystem Ny avfallspanna RB/RT flis panna RB=Returbränsle RT=Returträ Torkning och pelletering Block 2: Sortering och biogasprod Rötningsanl. Förgasningsanl. Block 3: Slamtorkning Biobr. Extern marknad returbränsle Extern marknad RT flis Extern marknad Bränslepellets Extern marknad Gödningspellets
Target: 20 % greenhouse gas reduction by 2020 The Community has made a commitment to achieve at least 20 % reduction of green house gas emissions by 2020 compared to 1990 (Decision No 406/2009/EG). Each member state shall by 2020 limit its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in relation to its GHG emissions in 2005. Each Member states reduction target is based on the principle of solidarity between Member States and the need for sustainable economic growth across the Community, taking into account the relative per capita GDP of Member States.
Conclusions Integrated waste management with a mix of different treatment technologies can make a significant contribution to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. In this mix we find: - High material recovery rates - Combined heat- and power production from incineration. - Biological treatment by digestion or composting - A minimum of landfilling of biodegradable waste fractions The largest reduction is achieved from the combined heat and power production from incineration. Waste-to-energy can make an important contribution in the efforts to reach the climate reduction target for 2020 in Europe.