SVENSK STANDARD SS-EN 1011-6:2018 Fastställd/Approved: 2018-12-11 Utgåva/Edition: 2 Språk/Language: engelska/english ICS: 25.160.10 Svetsning Rekommendationer för svetsning av metalliska material Del 6: Lasersvetsning Welding Recommendation for welding of metallic materials Part 6: Laser beam welding
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Europastandarden EN 1011-6:2018 gäller som svensk standard. Detta dokument innehåller den officiella engelska versionen av EN 1011-6:2018. Denna standard ersätter SS-EN 1011-6:2005, utgåva 1. The European Standard EN 1011-6:2018 has the status of a Swedish Standard. This document contains the official version of EN 1011-6:2018. This standard supersedes the SS-EN 1011-6:2005, edition 1. Copyright / Upphovsrätten till denna produkt tillhör SIS, Swedish Standards Institute, Stockholm, Sverige. Användningen av denna produkt regleras av slutanvändarlicensen som återfinns i denna produkt, se standardens sista sidor. Copyright SIS, Swedish Standards Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. All rights reserved. The use of this product is governed by the end-user licence for this product. You will find the licence in the end of this document. Upplysningar om sakinnehållet i standarden lämnas av SIS, Swedish Standards Institute, telefon 08-555 520 00. Standarder kan beställas hos SIS som även lämnar allmänna upplysningar om svensk och utländsk standard. Information about the content of the standard is available from the Swedish Standards Institute (SIS), telephone +46 8 555 520 00. Standards may be ordered from SIS, who can also provide general information about Swedish and foreign standards. Denna standard är framtagen av kommittén för AGS 442 Svetsupplysningar, SIS / TK 134 / AG 02. Har du synpunkter på innehållet i den här standarden, vill du delta i ett kommande revideringsarbete eller vara med och ta fram andra standarder inom området? Gå in på www.sis.se - där hittar du mer information.
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM EN 1011-6 December 2018 ICS 25.160.10 Supersedes EN 1011-6:2005 English Version Welding - Recommendation for welding of metallic materials - Part 6: Laser beam welding Soudage - Recommandations pour le soudage des matériaux métalliques - Partie 6 : Soudage par faisceau laser Schweißen - Empfehlungen zum Schweißen metallischer Werkstoffe - Teil 6: Laserstrahlschweißen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 29 July 2018. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels 2018 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1011-6:2018 E
Contents Page European foreword... 5 Introduction... 6 1 Scope... 7 2 Normative references... 7 3 Terms and definitions... 9 4 Health and safety and protection of the environment... 9 5 Quality requirements... 9 6 Equipment... 10 6.1 General... 10 6.2 Provisions for acceptance testing... 10 6.3 Provisions for maintenance and calibration... 10 7 Qualification of welding personnel... 10 8 Welding procedure specification... 10 9 Welding procedure test... 10 10 Consumables... 11 10.1 Filler metals... 11 10.2 Gases... 11 11 Design... 11 11.1 Overall design of structure or product... 11 11.2 Joint design... 11 11.3 Joint preparation... 12 12 Laser beam welding... 13 12.1 Characteristics... 13 12.1.1 Modes... 13 12.1.2 Energy transfer... 13 12.1.3 Pulsed beam welding... 14 12.1.4 Beam oscillation... 14 12.1.5 Ramping... 14 12.1.6 Beam focussing... 14 12.1.7 Gas shielding... 14 12.1.8 Use of consumables... 14 12.1.9 Hybrid processes... 14 12.2 Advantages and limitations... 15 12.3 Assembling and fixtures... 15 12.4 Process control... 15 12.5 Inspection and testing... 16 12.6 Imperfections... 16 Annex A (informative) Equipment... 17 A.1 Description of laser process... 17 A.1.1 Principles... 17 A.1.2 Components... 17 2
A.2 Laser beam sources... 18 A.2.1 CO 2 lasers... 18 A.2.2 Nd:YAG lasers, lamp pumped... 19 A.2.3 Nd:YAG lasers, diode pumped... 19 A.2.4 Yb:YAG lasers, diode pumped (disc lasers)... 20 A.2.5 High power diode array lasers... 20 A.2.6 Fibre lasers... 21 A.2.7 Other types of lasers... 21 A.3 Guiding, shaping and focusing the beam... 21 A.3.1 Guiding the beam... 21 A.3.2 Beam shaping devices (focusing optics)... 22 A.4 Devices used to create a relative movement between the laser beam and the work piece... 25 A.5 Fixtures used to hold the work piece... 26 A.6 Cooling systems... 27 A.7 Control systems... 27 Annex B (informative) Laser beam properties... 28 Annex C (informative) Information about weldability of metallic materials... 30 C.1 General... 30 C.2 Steels and iron alloys... 30 C.2.1 General... 30 C.2.2 C-Mn and structural steels... 31 C.2.3 Alloy steels... 31 C.2.4 Stainless steels... 31 C.2.5 Cast irons... 31 C.2.6 Soft iron... 31 C.3 Nickel alloys... 32 C.4 Aluminium and magnesium alloys... 32 C.5 Copper and its alloys... 32 C.6 Refractory and reactive metals... 32 C.7 Titanium and its alloys... 33 C.8 Dissimilar metals... 33 C.9 Non-metals... 33 Annex D (informative) Information about causes of weld imperfections and prevention... 34 Annex E (informative) Beam control and monitoring... 37 E.1 General... 37 E.2 Focus point... 37 E.3 Beam alignment and pilot beam coincidence... 37 E.4 Beam power... 38 E.5 Beam power distribution... 38 E.6 Nozzle alignment... 38 E.7 Pulsed beam power data... 39 E.8 Manipulators, guides, etc.... 39 Annex F (informative) Laser beam processing... 40 F.1 Laser beam cutting... 40 F.1.1 Characteristics... 40 F.2 Laser beam drilling... 41 F.2.1 Characteristics... 41 F.2.2 Advantages and limitations... 42 F.2.3 Surface preparation... 42 F.3 Laser beam surface treatment... 42 3
F.3.1 Characteristics... 42 F.3.2 Advantages and limitations... 42 F.3.3 Surface preparation... 43 F.4 Laser beam cladding characteristics... 43 F.4.1 Modes... 43 F.4.2 Advantages and limitations... 43 F.4.3 Surface preparation... 43 F.5 Laser beam marking and engraving... 43 F.5.1 Characteristics... 43 F.5.2 Advantages and limitations... 44 F.5.3 Surface preparation... 44 Bibliography... 45 4
European foreword This document (EN 1011-6:2018) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 121 Welding and allied processes, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2019 and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2019. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 1011-6:2005. The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows: a) the normative references and bibliography have been updated; b) subclause 12.3 (Assembling and fixtures) has been modified; c) fiber laser has been added in Annex A (Equipment). EN 1011 consists of the following parts, under the general title Welding Recommendations for welding of metallic materials: Part 1: General guidance for arc welding; Part 2: Arc welding of ferritic steels; Part 3: Arc welding of stainless steels; Part 4: Arc welding of aluminium and aluminium alloys; Part 5: Welding of clad steel; Part 6: Laser beam welding; Part 7: Electron beam welding; Part 8: Welding of cast irons. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. 5
Introduction This document is being issued in several parts in order that it can be extended to cover the different types of metallic materials that will be produced to all European Standards for weldable metallic materials. When this document is referenced for contractual purposes the ordering authority or contracting parties should state the need for compliance with the relevant parts of this document and such other annexes as are appropriate. This document gives general guidance for the satisfactory production and control of welding and associated processes and details of some of the possible detrimental phenomena that can occur, with advice on methods by which they can be avoided. It is generally applicable to laser beam processing of metallic materials and also to some extent for non-metallic materials. It is appropriate regardless of the type of fabrication involved, although the relevant product standard, structural code or the design specification can have additional requirements. Permissible design stresses, methods of testing and inspection levels are not included because they depend on the service conditions of the fabrication. These details should be obtained from the relevant application standard or by agreement between the contracting parties. It has been assumed in the drafting of the standard that the execution of its provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified, experienced and trained personnel. 6
1 Scope This document gives general guidance for laser beam welding and associated processes of metallic materials in all forms of product (e.g. cast, wrought, extruded, forged). NOTE Some guidance on laser beam cutting, drilling, surface treatment and cladding is given in Annex F. 2 Normative references The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 14717, Welding and allied processes - Environmental check list EN ISO 636, Welding consumables - Rods, wires and deposits for tungsten inert gas welding of non-alloy and fine-grain steels - Classification (ISO 636) EN ISO 3834-2, Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials - Part 2: Comprehensive quality requirements (ISO 3834-2) EN ISO 3834-5, Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials - Part 5: Documents with which it is necessary to conform to claim conformity to the quality requirements of ISO 3834-2, ISO 3834-3 or ISO 3834-4 (ISO 3834-5) EN ISO 6520-1, Welding and allied processes - Classification of geometric imperfections in metallic materials - Part 1: Fusion welding (ISO 6520-1) EN ISO 9013, Thermal cutting - Classification of thermal cuts - Geometrical product specification and quality tolerances (ISO 9013) EN ISO 11145:2016, Optics and photonics - Lasers and laser-related equipment - Vocabulary and symbols (ISO 11145) EN ISO 13919-1, Welding - Electrons and laser beam welded joints - Guidance on quality levels for imperfections - Part 1: Steel (ISO 13919-1) EN ISO 13919-2, Welding - Electron and laser beam welded joints - Guidance on quality levels for imperfections - Part 2: Aluminium and its weldable alloys (ISO 13919-2) EN ISO 13920, Welding - General tolerances for welded constructions - Dimensions for lengths and angles - Shape and position (ISO 13920) EN ISO 14175, Welding consumables - Gases and gas mixtures for fusion welding and allied processes (ISO 14175) EN ISO 14232-1, Thermal spraying - Powders - Part 1: Characterization and technical supply conditions (ISO 14232-1) EN ISO 14341, Welding consumables - Wire electrodes and weld deposits for gas shielded metal arc welding of non alloy and fine grain steels - Classification (ISO 14341) EN ISO 14343, Welding consumables - Wire electrodes, strip electrodes, wires and rods for arc welding of stainless and heat resisting steels - Classification (ISO 14343) 7