Detail Design 7,5 hp

Transkript

1 Detail Design 7,5 hp New dwellings on the Maskinen site in Jönköping Group B4 PROJECT WORK 2012 Examiner: Göran Hellborg Supervisor: Göran Hellborg, Kjell Nero Postadress: Besöksadress: Telefon: Box 1026 Gjuterigatan (vx) Jönköping

2 Contents Contents The list of contents is produced automatically by Word if the headlines in the report are formatted as headlines. To update the list of contents, place the cursor in the list and press [F9]. 1 Introduction Project evolution TIME TABLE MEETINGS Client meeting 25/ Tutorial meeting 1/ Client meeting 8/ Tutorial meeting 22/ Client meeting 29/ Tutorial meeting 7/ CHECKLIST Technical description SITE FOUNDATIONS LOAD BEARING SYSTEM EXTERIOR WALLS SLABS AND ROOF SLABS TRUSSES EXTERIOR ROOF BALCONIES ELEVATORS AND STAIRCASE SHAFTS Fire documents GENERAL INFORMATION BUILDING DESCRIPTION Building Function DIMENSION ASPECT EMERGENCY EXITS PROTECTION WITHIN A FIRE CELL AGAINST THE SPREAD OF FIRE PROTECTION AGAINST THE SPREAD OF FIRE BETWEEN FIRE CELL Division of fire cells Fire classification Doors Windows Elevators Outer wall / fasade Shafts PROTECTION AGAINST THE SPREAD OF FIRE BETWEEN BUILDINGS Strategy Compartmentation of large buildings Firewalls Roofing VENTILATION Protection against the spread of fire

3 Contents Protection against the spread of fire gases HEATING SYSTEM LOADBEARING CAPACITY IN THE EVENT OF FIRE RESCUE SERVICE ABILITY Access for the rescue service TECHNICAL INSTALLATION Automatic spinklers Fire gas ventilation Automatic fire alarm Evacuation alarm FIRE ESCAPE Sound documents GENERAL INFORMATION ORIENTATION OF THE ASSIGNMENT EXTENT AND APPLICATION REFERENCES PROJECT DESCRIPTION General The Building Function Drawings CONDITIONS SOUND Air Sound Footstep Sounds Construction Sounds Noise SOUND INSULATION Air Sound Insulation Footstep Insulation Demands on sound insulation and noise level Demands of BBR Sound Classification for Air Sounds Insulation DOORS/WINDOWS Moisture documents EMPLOYER, LAW ROOM, REFERENCES BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT BUILDING LORD DEMANDS FOR MOISTURE PROTECTION The project supervisor program requirement CRITICAL STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS AND RISK ASSESSMENT Soil and foundation Frame Roof and external walls Wet rooms (rooms with high moisture load) Piping Calculation of the drying times an moisture conditions Assessment of risk of harmful emission associated with moisture MOISTURE PROTECTION DURING THE PRODUCTION PHASE Inspection upon arrival Protection of stored materials Protection of native materials SELF-MONITORING IN PRODUCTION INSPECTION AND DELIVERY MOISTURE PROTECTION DOCUMENTS This documents updated and renamed moisture protection documentation Moisture measurement (Statement) Deviation

4 Contents Operation and maintenance Conclusion and discussion References ELEVATORS AND STAIRCASE SHAFTS COLUMN CALCULATION WALLS Attachments CALCULATIONS Energy calculations Load bearing calculations for walls Load bearing calculations for terrace Dimensions of the columns Cost calculations QUALITY PLAN ROOM DESCRIPTION DOORS AND WINDOWS DESCRIPTION AMA DESCRIPTION DRAWING LIST Structural drawings Architechtural drawings DRAWINGS

5 Introduction 1 Introduction This project is made as a part of the course Detail Design VT 2012 and has been combined with lectures and meetings with Göran Hellborg and Kjell Nero. Göran Hellborg is also the examiner of this course. The aim of the project was to combined the technical and design problems when dealing with a specific project. In this case we used an old project, New dwellings on the Maskinen site in Jönköping, which was started in the previous course Building Design. It contains technical description, drawings such as plans, sections and details, caluclations of structure, energy, fire, noise and moisture and building specifications based on AMA. The project in Detail Design was a team work with a size of 9 students in the group. These were Viktor Axelsson, Remy Bruaire, Arthur Campling, Jesper Folkesson (project leader), Jonas Hedenström, Sali Koj, Sofia Lam (project manager), Daniel Lööv and Gustav Sandén. 5

6 2 Project evolution 2.1 Time Table 6

7 2.2 Meetings Client meeting 25/ The purpose with this meeting was to present the current state of progress regarding the project. The meeting started with presenting project leader, Jesper Folkesson, and project manager, Sofia Lam. Our clients preferred to have a time schedule for the entire project. The decisions that were taken during the meeting was to use prefab elements in the garage. HDF-elements are going to be used as one direction support is sufficient. What has to be considered is that HDF-elements need a special design in the ends and the delivery time. Look at the thickness of the prefab-elements. This can be studied in the website For the balconies we presented two different options and our clients thought both options could work. If we use the loaded (inspänd) we have to add 100 mm concrete to the HDF slabs. This also results to solve the problem with slopes for water in the bathrooms. Prefab slabs for the staircase. The installation room will be in the basement A demand from our clients is that the elevators have to have a velocity of at least 0.5 m/s. Gear elevators are ok. Look at pad foundations. Ceramic tiles on the floor and the walls. The paint in the ceilings needs to be water proof. Concerning the kitchen, protection needs to be put in. For example a cover under the fridge. If wooden floor is chosen it has to able to be maintained. The moisture documents only needs descriptions, no drawings. For the interior walls, concrete walls 240 mm should be enough to accomplish sound class B. Exterior walls wooden construction will be used. A net and plaster after will be needed. Investigations show that it s 10 minutes distance to the fire department. We will try to have the windows and balconies facing the street since the fire trucks have easier access to this side than the yard. The stairwells will have the class TR2 and fire exits. Doors should be in the direction of the escape route. Doors and walls can have different classes in the apartments B30. Although in the basement it has to be fire class B Tutorial meeting 1/ The purpose of this meeting was to ask questions we had and to get feedback of our project so far. What needed to be done was drawings of critical points in scale 1:20. 7

8 Upload in Pingpong to get feedback as soon as possible. Do calculations of the load bearing systems because we need the thickness of the walls. After the calculations are done, determine foundation. Calculations of condensations are not necessary as long as safe constructrions are chosen. Energy from the sun doesn't have to be calculated as long as the demands are fulfilled. If we choose to use thermo deck the climate during the summers will be better. 100 mm + HDF give the load for the walls. Check if the space for the ventilations are enough and not to small. Look up if Strängbetong hs done similar jobs in apartments with termo deck. Either small shafts in the bathrooms/kitchen or ventilation in the walls. Can place pipes in the load bearing system but this option will make the walls thicker. A problem with having shafts behind the elevators is the access. Skip ceiling, would be more complicated. Rational to use existing surfaces Two options for fire safety for ventilation. Either fire proof gips board around the shafts or isolation around the pipes. Check Gyproc. Safety class EI60. Consider dry-time for concrete Client meeting 8/ Write the different levels on drawings. Hights, under, hights of pillars. Cutting too much of the slabs? Move the elements. Can put metal under but it would be visible. No thermodeck. Inner ceilings with ventilations. Calculate with the space Height of room at least 2.5 m. Clients prefer 2.5 in height. Using concrete ceiling and walls will give a sound proof system but to hang pictures you have to put nails. Have the electricity around footlist? Draining in the garage. Slopes need to be determined both under and above. Terrace needs slopes as well. Have to make concrete on the beam drawing. Slopes on structural drawing. Name columns, measures on drawings. Door type on A-drawing, measures on where the hole to the door is. Can put small drawings on the side of the main drawings. Prefabricated secondary landing show on (2) drawings. Show plus height on where elevator is on drawing. 8

9 Installations: have a demand in bed rooms, sound class B. Thick plaster on Styrofoam. Check the website Can also read how windows meet plaster. Find a description on how to do it or find an already made project. The board needs to be able to protect against the water. An engineering assessment has to be made with TorkaS Tutorial meeting 22/ Checklist for the final delivery on course PM on Pingpong. We do not need to draw the reinforcement in the foundation plan. But need geometrical measures. Balconies styroform is a good solution because it presents low cold bridges. The reinforcement for the slabs is ok with 100 mm extra concrete. Details for the critical points should be made. Explanation of the plaster system with AMA description in drawing. Give the plaster system numbers to be able to separate them if they differ. In Detail 105 we should put a gummiduk for protection against water. Also isolation on the inside. Need slope for the wells. Betongbalken.se can be used to check the span size. Check how thick the slab should be. Make calculations for the compounds to get the right measures of all building parts. A- drawings (architectural drawings)+ K Drawings(structural drawings) Plans section- detail both A and K drawings Client meeting 29/ On the architectural drawing, put the height of floor. Also a sockel will be needed for the walls. The construction drawing: the height of the load bearing walls/slabs end/beginning. Measurements of holes for example doors and on the top of the walls. Pads (sula) is ok as long as it doesn t interfere with neighbors sight or the road. The wells are ok but have to show the slops to the wells on the ground plan. Suggestion, place pipes down the columns for the wells. Measures in the kitchen. Problems when opening the doors. Need space between the fridge/walls and lockers. Fire exits. Make sure they are faced towards the road if not faced towards the terrace Råd och anvisningar no need to paste in report. Estimate calculation of cost. Simple way to calculate. Göran will post on Pingpong. For the next meeting which will be tha last one. Bring work we will need feedback on. Final delivery date is changed to the 16/3-12 at

10 2.2.6 Tutorial meeting 7/ Hatch on detail drawings. Remove the contour line. Text and plus height. Write name and number on the detail drawings so they can be referenced. Asphalt meets wall. Make the wall go a bit further down. (can say mm for the structure of the road. Slope arrows, protections against moister along the wall, metal as a protection. Macadam on drawings, how wide is the pad (sula), plusheight. Have to make a control between drawings and calculations; energy and construction. A-drawings can show the isolation but the K-drawings have to show everything that is structural like columns. Detail 119, structural parts. Roof Detail 110, support frame. Detail 121, create a slope to the wells. Can also put pads (plattor) next to the wells. On the foundation plan, UK + xx. Remove contour line since there is no difference in height. Check the thickness of the height. Rather write the plus height than the slope fall. 2.3 Checklist Project Documentation Started Done Date Sign. Quality documentation, meeting & examination routines, Document administration. YES YES S.L Design time-table. YES YES J.F. Report assembly YES YES R.B Main Drawings Started Done Date Sign. Site Plan at scale 1:400 YES YES A.C Floor plans, sections & elevations: scale 1:100. (detail drawings are to be revised) YES YES A.C. Comments: The drawings are to examine the principal dimensions, the size of ducts & installation areas along with the main routes for service channels. Descriptions Started Done Date Sign. General technical description for YES Yes V.A building regulation approval R.B Fire documentation YES YES J.F. J.H. 10

11 Sound documentation YES YES D.L Energy calculations YES YES J.F. J.H. Calculations of moisture content YES YES G.S. General cost estimation YES YES S.L S.K Architectural Drawings & Documents Floor plans, scale 1:50 (basement, ground floor, plan 2-5 & roof-plan) Started Done Date Sign. YES YES A.C V.A Sections, scale 1:50 YES YES A.C V.A Building component drawings, internal fittings. YES YES A.C V.D Window & door specification YES YES V.D Building specification of external walls, beginning from entrance level to roof construction Room description for rooms & space shown in drawings Technical description (according to AMA) (selected parts) YES YES A.C YES YES S.L S.K YES YES S.K V.A 11

12 Structural Drawings & Documents Started Done Date Sign. General description YES YES V.A R.B Floor slabs plan, scale 1:50 YES YES A.C Ground floor plan, scale 1:50 YES YES A.C Elevation roof trusses, scale 1:50-1:20 YES YES A.C Construction details, scale 1:10-1:20 YES YES A.C Calculations (Load-bearing) YES YES S.L 3 Technical description 3.1 Site 40 m 50 m Figure 1: Site plan 12

13 The site is surrounded by small streets without heavy traffic. Good sound protection because of the surrounding buildings. The garage is underground on the Bruksgatan side and on the street level on Sjöbogatan. Building height : 12m Site Area: 2000sqm Building area: 1300sqm Apartments: 27 Stair case 4 Parking spaces: Foundations The foundation will be done as a building pad, dimensioned to take up the loads of the building and transferring it to the ground. Foundations have to include a space for the elevator system. 3.3 Load bearing system The load bearing system will be dimensioned in order to bring the loads from the top of the building, down to the foundation. The calculation will include interior walls, exterior walls, beam, slabs, roof, rafter, steel column and pads. 3.4 Exterior walls The exterior walls are related to sound, insulation and fire requirements: The outer walls should be constructed to prevent the spread of fire within the wall and on the façade, if this would occur the rescue service must be able to put out the fire. The sound classification will decide the thickness of the wall, the wall will at least have a fire class of EI 30. Requirements for this classification of the wall to apply is that the non-loadbearing outer wall shall have an insulation material that is protected against fire by the non-combustible material. Most of the outer walls will be made of a light wood and steel structure; (from inside and out) gypsum 13mm, wooden joist 95mm, iso 95mm, plastic wrap 1mm, wooden joist 145mm, iso 145mm, gypsum 13mm, Is over facade board 50mm air gap, plaster. With this construction, we will reach sound class level B Concrete walls are used between the apartments as well as on the ends of the buildings. 3.5 Slabs and roof slabs Is related with sound, insulation and fire requirement. Concrete slabs are used throughout the whole building except for the roof slabs of the penthouse, which is made in a light construction such as steel or wood. To meet the sound class B standards, we use prefabricated hole deck element HD 27 (270mm, or more exact: 265mm, to leave 5mm for fitting). On top of this we cast an extra layer 13

14 with thickness (minimum for sound would approximately be 55mm) of 100mm to allow steel roads from the balcony to be fixed. As the load bearing structure, the slabs should keep its load bearing capacity for at least 60 minutes, against fire (Class R60). 3.6 Trusses Trusses will be dimensioned together with the load bearing system. 3.7 Exterior roof The exterior roof is made of sheet metal on the top of the building. We will use metal panel because it is lighter than a green roof, and on this structure we need a minimum of weigh. Moreover the top of the parking garage will be in concrete, with metal sheet on the top. The structure need to be strong, that why we will use steel columns inside the parking garage. 3.8 Balconies Figure 2: Balcony fixing on the slabs only 14

15 In this case the slabs have to be quite large and have to support the wait of the balcony. It will be important to avoid the thermal conductivity. We need to reinforce the slabs with 100mm of concrete to maintain the balcony. Some insulation part have to be included to prevent cold bridge. Figure 3: Balcony fixation into the slab Company for the balcony: The Swedish company STRÄGBETONG is able produce our balcony: 15

16 3.9 Elevators and staircase This elevator is the one required for transporting for a person in wheel chair or for a person on a stretcher: Figure 4: Elevator requirement. Type of elevator: There are three types of elevator equipment in general use today. With modern equipment from a reputable manufacturer, the quality of ride should be about the same. 1. Hydraulic elevators. These are moved by a hydraulic piston device, and are generally used in low-rise, low speed applications, including commercial buildings of four floors or less and residential buildings of six floors or less. 2. Geared-traction elevators. These are moved by hoist cables driven by a geared reduction unit, and are generally used in midrise, mid-speed applications, such as commercial buildings of nine floors or less and residential buildings of 18 floors or less. 16

17 3. Gearless-traction elevators. These are moved by hoist cables driven directly by a large-frame motor, and are generally used for high-rise, high-speed applications, such as commercial buildings over nine floors and residential buildings over 18 floors. So in our case the best choice is the gear elevator because we don t need to create a big hole in the foundation for the piston. Moreover we have enough space on the top of the building to have all the mechanism necessary of the type of elevator. And we need only 1,2m in the foundation (slabs include), so this elevator is easy to install in our building. Figure 5: Gear elevator 17

18 Figure 6: Gear elevation animation The figure 6 represent the gear elevator, which is also call roped elevator in this case. Steel ropes permit the raising and lowering of the elevator car. The part 1 represent the control system which contain the electronic. The part 2 is the electric motor which turn a gear train that rotates the sheave. The sheave (part 3), is a pulley which permit the motion of the ropes, so the motion of the car elevator. The ropes that lift the car are also connecting to a counterweight (part 4), which hanging on the other side of the sheave. The counterweight permit the energy conservation, that s why we don t need a powerful motor, it is just to overcome the friction, and the other part does most of the work. The part 5 represent the guide rails for the car elevator and the counterweight. 18

19 Company which is able to fabric our system: The Finish compagny KONE is an well-known international company present in 49 countries which present the elevator adapted to our case : Figure 7: Elevator from KONE company Characteristics of the elevator : Speed 1m/s Maximum weight 1000kg Size exterior 2,4 * 1,8 Size interior 2,1 * 1,1 Quantity 4 19

20 Topphöjd: 3,7m Lyfthöjd: 12m Schaktgrop: 1,2m Figure 8: Section of the elevator in the building 20

21 Stairs hypothesis : Figure 9: Stairs hypothesis Figure 10: Stairs explanation We choose h = 180mm What is the minimal numbers of steps? 3000/180=16,67 17 raises 3000/17=176,47 176,5mm Rules : 2h + b = We choose b=250mm 2 * 176, = 603 OK! 17raises means 16 steps (the secondary landing is like a step, same high and same width) 16 * 250 = 4000 mm The stair is 4000mm long, with 16 steps, 176,5mm high and 250mm deep 21

22 Definitive stairs : Figure 11: Definitive stairs Final Staircase: Figure 12: Final staircase without shaft 22

23 Figure 13: Final staircase with shaft So the landing will be 5,4 3,2 = 2,2 m and the minimum required is 1,3m, OK! The shaft is only for the ventilation because the water system and the electricity will be install in the walls of the kitchen. The size of the shaft will be around (1,8*0,6) = 1,1sqm. Stairs company: The Swedish company HERRLJUNGATRAPPAN is able produce our stairs, it is the same company as the balcony (STRÄGBETONG). Requirement: -50mm between the wall and the stairs -100mm minimum between each flight of stairs (we have 200mm). -The materials are basic concrete or terrazzo (polish concrete with different colours). 23

24 Figure 13: Stairs of the company 3.10 Shafts To prevent the spread of fire between fire cells the shafts will be heavily isolated and built with fireproof materials. The ventilation pipes running down/up in the shaft will be connected to a smart FTX-system that will shut down the ventilation and its dampers in case of fire. Diameter In each apartment we have : -1 shaft for the fresh air (125 mm Ø) -1 shaft for the exhaust air (125 mm Ø) -2 shaft for sewage (150 mm Ø) -1 shaft for the kitchen fan (125 mm Ø) 24

25 4 Fire documents 4.1 General information The fire documentation is established and based on the architectural drawing from the previous project Maskinen, the documentation concerns the new building and all its floor plans. All requirements are based on BBR's requirements for fire. (BBR18 Chapter 5) 4.2 Building description Building The building consists of five floor plans including the underground garage, the building has a total gross floor area of 3200m 2 excluding the garage. It has a total of three stairwells that serve two or three apartments per floor. The L-shaped building connects to the existing neighbor building at the end, which requires firewall in that end. The loadbearing structure in the garage and the first three floors is constructed in concrete while the loadbearing structure for the top floor is constructed in steel and wood. Since the building consists of more than three floor plans, the recommended fire class is BR1. All the apartments and stairwells are equipped with automatic fire alarms, the residents are responsible to change batteries in the alarms Function The main function of the building is residential with a few premises for business and residential activities. The basement functions as garage and storage area for the residents. 4.3 Dimension aspect The main aspects concerning the dimension of the fire classification of the building are the number of floor plans and the function. 4.4 Emergency exits The three stairwells form the main emergency exits, they have fire class Tr2. Windows on the first and second floor can be used as alternative escape routes. The windows should at least be 0.5 meters wide and 0.6 meter high, and the lowest point of the window should be no more than 1.2 meter above floor level. Alternative emergency exits for the third and fourth floor is by the aid of the rescue service. Emergency response is estimated to be ten minutes, which is normal. 25

26 4.5 Protection within a fire cell against the spread of fire Since the building is classified as Br1, the requirements for all the surfaces within an emergency exit needs to be class 1. The surface requirements for other premises in the building are class 2 for walls, and class 1 for the roof. Materials inside the building components should not cause ignition or rapid spreading of fire, neither should it cause the development of heat and fire gas. 4.6 Protection against the spread of fire between fire cell Division of fire cells As shown in the architectural drawings every apartment is its own fire cell, so are the stairwells. The biggest fire cell within the building is the parking area of the garage Fire classification The building components separating the fire cells should at least have the fire classification EI60, this means that the components can withstand fire and that they will not transfer heat to other fire cells for at least 60 minutes Doors Fire lock should have doors in class EI2 60-C, this mainly concerns the garage. The entrance doors to the apartments is allowed to have a lower fire class than the walls if the stairwells serves less than eight floors and should have a fire class of EI 30-C Windows For a building with fire class BR1the windows should be placed at a distance of 1.2 meters in a vertical direction. If this distance is smaller, the window should have a fire class of E Elevators There are three elevators in the building and each is its own fire cell, elevators are not allowed as emergency exit. 26

27 4.6.6 Outer wall / fasade The outer walls should be constructed to prevent the spread of fire within the wall and on the façade, if this would occur the rescue service must be able to put out the fire. The outer walls must keep its integrity in case of fire and prevent debris from falling down. The sound classification will decide the thickness of the wall, the wall will at least have a fire class of EI 30. Requirements for this classification of the wall to apply is that the non-loadbearing outer wall shall have an insulation material that is protected against fire by the non-combustible material. The insulation in the wall should also be discontinued in such a way that a fire inside the wall are prevented from spreading past the fire compartment separating building elements Shafts To prevent the spread of fire between fire cells the shafts will be heavily isolated and built with fireproof materials. The ventilation pipes running down/up in the shaft will be connected to a smart FTX-system that will shut down the ventilation and its dampers in case of fire. 4.7 Protection against the spread of fire between buildings Strategy The end of the L-shaped building is connected to the already existing building on the site. Neighboring buildings are separated from this new building with roads and sidewalks Compartmentation of large buildings Since the floors of the building are quite small, no compartmentation within the building is necessary. The one end of the building that connects with the neighbor building need to be equipped with a firewall Firewalls As mentioned earlier, the one end of the building that connects with the existing building must have a firewall to prevent the spread of fire between the buildings. The fire load intensity is estimated to a maximum of 200 MJ/m 2. With a building class of Br1 the fire walls must have the classification REI 90-M Roofing The roof covering shall be deigned in such a way that the spread of fire is hindered. The roof covering is allowed to be class T if it covers a material that is in class A2- s1,d0(non-combustible backing). 27

28 4.8 Ventilation We have chosen an effective FTX-system that can recycle energy from the warm outgoing air, has an efficiency level of 85% Protection against the spread of fire Drilling of the shaft s shall be conducted in a professional manner, this means that holes for ventilation ducts must be sealed and secured by approved standards. The supply ducts that maintains the air quality in each apartment has separate control valves that automatically shuts down in case of fire. This minimizes the risk of fire spreading in the ventilation Protection against the spread of fire gases The solutions mentioned in paragraph 8.1 also applies here. To protect the residents from fire gases there are emergency fans that activates in case of fire to evacuate the gas through the exhaust channels. 4.9 Heating system The building uses district heating and poses no great risk concerning fire Loadbearing capacity in the event of fire The building estimates to have a fire intensity of max 200 MJ/m 2. As shown in the BBR-table below, the load bearing structure should keep its load bearing capacity for at least 60 minutes. Class R60. 28

29 4.11 Rescue service ability Access for the rescue service The estimated response time for the rescue service is 10 minutes (Group 1). The rescue service are able to evacuate residents and fight fire through the main stairwells, doors and windows. Manual firefighting equipment is available in the form of fire extinguishers in the stairwells, there are possibilities to install hoses, sprinklers and fire hydrants Technical installation Automatic spinklers The only case where the sprinklers can be considered to be needed is in the garage. To investigate this question, the following calculations were made: (The maximum fire load of the buildings premises must not be more than 200 MJ/m 2 to classify the building to BR1) Fire gas ventilation The fire gas ventilation in the garage has been secured through the entrance and a number of different valves leading the fire gases out from the affected area. This is made to reassure the stairway does not need to be used for this purpose. The stairwells in buildings of Class Br1 must be fitted with devices which simplifies the evacuation and emergency response. These devices consists mainly of windows on each floor in the stairwell that is controllable and movable for emergency services. 29

30 Automatic fire alarm In buildings or parts of buildings where there are demands for early detection of fire, an automatic fire alarm is installed. In this case concerning the business premises and the garage. This is done by means of smoke detectors that automatically alert emergency services. Examples of suitable components of an automatic fire alarm in the standard series SS-EN Evacuation alarm In the area where the automatic fire alarm is installed, there should be an evacuation alarm with sound-alarm and possibly a light-alarm that alerts people in the affected parts. This alarm also have to be capable of functioning in case of power failure and to provide an evacuation signal for at least 30 minutes after a 24 hours power failure. Suitable signal types for the emergency alarms are set out in SS Each apartment is equipped with its own individual smoke detectors but it is the tenants responsibility for the maintenance of batteries. 30

31 4.13 Fire Escape 31

32 5 Sound documents 5.1 General information Property. Project : Jönköping University. Engineer apartment. Kv. Maskinen. Future proprietor/customer : Göran Hellborg, Kjell Nero User : Jönköping University Responsible for Sound Investigation : Daniel Lööv , loda0910@student.hj.se Gustav Sandén , sagu0909@student.hj.se Responsible for the Quality : Daniel Lööv , loda0910@student.hj.se Gustav Sandén , sagu0909@student.hj.se Expertise (other) : 5.2 Orientation of the assignment Background : Contract Sort : Project name : Kv: Maskinen Project number : Customer : Göran Hellborg Agreement : offer The project contains : 32

33 5.3 Extent and application The quality plan will assist in the planning of the project and contain the process which will guarantee the quality in the planning. 5.4 References Customer : Detail Design, Göran Hellbog, Kjell Nero SS : 5.5 Project description General The block Maskinen is located in South West part of Jönköping, Torpa. The site is bounded by Sjöbogatan, Bruksgatan and Brahegatan The Building The building is one house with four floors, containing 23 apartments; four apartments with two rooms, eleven apartments with three rooms and eight apartments with four rooms. There are three entrances, which each contains one elevator and staircase. The basement contain the heating and electrical equipment. Technical Classification The building will be constructed as a Sound Class B-building. Short Technical Description Exterior Walls (from inside and out) gypsum 13mm, wooden joist 95mm, insolation 95mm, plastic wrap 1mm, wooden joist 145mm, insolation 145mm, gypsum 13mm, Isover fasadboard 50mm air gap, plaster. With this construction, we will reach sound class level B. Walls that Divide Apartments Interior Walls For sound class B the concrete walls need to be 240 mm. Because of the loadbearing system, the walls have to be 300mm. Constructed with steel studs and double plasterboards on both sides with a total thickness of 120mm. Between the boards are a 70mm air gap. The construction are necessary for a class B apartment, with more than 2 rooms. 33

34 Roof Structural Frame Slabs Steel beams as rafters, with a sheet metal roof. Bearing concrete walls, concrete columns. To meet the sound class B standards, we use prefabricated hole deck element HD 27(270 mm, or exact 265 mm, to leave 5 mm for fitting). On top of this we can cast an extra layer with thickness (minimum for sound would approximately be 55 mm ) of 100 mm to allow steel roads from the balcony to be fixed Function The building is housing 23 apartments. The storage is in the basement of the building Drawings This documentation is based on the Architectural drawings. 5.6 Conditions The building is constructed so that the sound levels are kept low between the apartments. 5.7 Sound When you talk about buildings you usually talk about sound insulation and acoustic regulations. Sound insulation is defined as sound moderation between two rooms. Acoustic regulation refers to empowerment of the sound inside a room Air Sound Air sounds are sounds from the sound source that is emitted into the surroundings through the air. For example: Speech, songs and radio etc. The spreading of air sound happens as follows: Flank transmission. Sounds that are breeding through the construction. Leaking through unclose nesses. For example, along connections between inner/external walls, or walls/system of joists. Over corner. For example, along open windows or the ventilation channels. Direct transmission. As you say direct through that construction part that is separating two spaces. 34

35 5.7.2 Footstep Sounds Footstep sounds are sounds that can be heard from neighboring rooms when you walk on the slabs and in the stairways Construction Sounds Construction sounds are sounds that are breeding inside a construction frame. For example, construction sounds come from walking on a slab or from elevator motors and water pipes. Construction sounds can be transmitted over long distances and sometimes changes to become audible air sounds in another area of the building Noise Noises are unwanted sounds which often are made of many frequencies, similar brus, but with different amounts of strength in different frequency areas. 5.8 Sound insulation Air Sound Insulation This means insolation against sounds from a neighboring apartment where the sound is from the air. These include speaking or song and sounds from radio & television. The air sound insulation is charged by the reduction number that is being measured by 16 range, from 100 to 3150 Hz. A high R or R means that you have a good insulation Footstep Insulation Footstep insolation means that you have insulation against sounds that appear when someone is walking on the slab in an apartment that is above or beside you. The footstep sound is charged by measuring the sound pressure level when the slap is being mechanically worked on by a standardized hammer device. The level is being measured in 16 range, from 100 to 3150 Hz. A low L or L means that you have a good insulation Demands on sound insulation and noise level To build locals or apartments etc. with a good sound environment it demands that the construction parts have good air sounds and footstep sounds insulation, and that the buildings installations are not too noisy. Besides this, the rooms/locals should have the right acoustic quality Demands of BBR In Boverkets building rules BBR there are demands as follows: 35

36 The lowest air sound insulation. (R.w) The highest footstep sound level. (L n,w) The longest echo time for stairways and corridors in apartments. The highest sound level from installations. (db A and db C) Sound Classification for Air Sounds Insulation To achieve sound classification B by Swedish standards you have to fulfill the following: Air sounds(r ) Footstep sounds(l ) Between the apartment and spaces outside the apartment. 56 db 54 db Between loftgång and apartment, and between stairways/corridors and hall. 44 db 60 db Inside an apartment with more than 2 rooms. Between at least one room and the apartments other rooms/kitchen. 40 db 68 db 5.9 Doors/Windows Sound reduction for doors: 40 db Sound reduction for windows: 34 db 36

37 6 Moisture documents 6.1 Employer, law room, references Employer: Developer: Lawroom: Jönköpings Tekniska Högskola (JTH) Grupp B4 Buildings erected or altered shall be designed and built so that the risk to hygiene or health are not caused by moisture 6.2 Background of the project The block Maskinen is located on Torpa witch is one central part of the city Jönköping, Sweden. The building has four floors, containing 23 apartments; four apartments with two rooms, eleven apartments with three rooms and eight apartments with four rooms, there is also one commercial premise. There are three entrances, which each contains one elevator and staircase. The basement contains parking lots, storage, heating and electrical equipment. 6.3 Building lord demands for moisture protection To obtain a workable moisture protection throughout the construction process, the client needs to actively take responsibility for the quality of the project according to PBL Chapter 9 1. Clear requirements need to be set in the program regarding moisture protection, defining allowable RH and moisture content of the materials and indicate how this should be included in the procurement of consultants and contractors. It is also important that the client has the opportunity to intervene during the entire construction process, if deficiencies occur in the performance of moisture protection. The results of measurements, etc. should be continuously presented to the client at construction meetings or equivalent The project supervisor program requirement The main contractor should specify who is responsible for actively ensuring that the moisture protection description is followed (moisture protection manager) Allowed moisture content of wood witch is integrated is up to 17% RH. Concrete measured by an approved method may be a maximum of 85% in coating with sealed top layer. 6.4 Critical structural elements and risk assessment It is important in the planning stage to identify the structural elements that are critical to moisture and also assess the risk of moisture damage in these parts. Hus AMA provides guidance with proven solutions. At departure, or when proprietary solutions is chosen these should be justified and monitored carefully. 37

38 6.4.1 Soil and foundation Drainage, drainage layer, drainage pipes, concrete slab (capillary barrier, construction moisture), basement walls Drainage of water is solved by adding a draining layer below the surface. In this layer drainage pipes are added so water can be transported away. The drainage pipes are placed outside and below the base and also below the storm sewers. To prevent moisture to penetrate into the basement / garage these parts are covered with a water repellent layer Frame Dehydration of concrete, moisture content in wood at incorporation. When the concrete comes as prefabricated parts it will already be dry and ready for assembly. The wooden exterior walls will also come as prefabricated and will be assembled on site after the concrete frame is up. The prefabricated wood elements are composed with insulation, windows, doors, and covered with a weather-tight layer. After that insulation and nets for "thick plaster" is applied. This is done on site to reduce the number of joints in the facade. By building the frame of prefabricated elements the building will quickly become water and weather-proof so that materials and frame can stay dry Roof and external walls Risk of condensation, air leakage, building dampness, water penetration of rainfall, ventilation, roof pitch, roof drainage. The roof slope is three degrees and dewatered by diversion to the gutters, which is connected to the drain pipes and then to the storm sewers in the ground. The plastered façade is as said based on a "thick plaster" witch gives a strong and robust façade with good durability Wet rooms (rooms with high moisture load) A vapor barrier, waterproof layers, penetrations We have chosen to cast an extra layer of 100mm concrete on the slab, that will slope down towards the drain (at least 1:50 in the shower). We will apply a moisture protective layer on the concrete. The surface will be covered with clinker. The walls are covered with drywall that can withstand moisture. Although also these will be clad whit a moisture barrier before they are covered with clinker. The ceilings will be painted with a moisture-resistant paint. Ventilation will be done by extraction air through the ceiling Piping Pipes will be conducted in holes through walls and ceilings. Holes will be made as small as possible in order not to affect the structure. Where implement of pipes may cause a risk of moisture damage ex silicon and wet room mat will be applied around the hole and pipe to prevent damage. No pipes will be drawn inside the walls, this in order to ease maintenance and repairs. Pipes will be collected in shafts. 38

39 6.4.6 Calculation of the drying times an moisture conditions Drying times in concrete Drying of the concrete will normally be considerably longer than the industry practice today requires. This has led to the current environmental problems and moisture damage. 39

40 The required drying times can already at the design stage be calculated by the computer program TorkaS. The calculated times are compared with those in the project schedule. The outcome of the practice, should in the later stage be controlled by means of reliable measurements. TorkaS is a powerful tool to quickly find out what different options provide for appropriate drying times. The program has been funded by the SBUF and is available free on the Internet Assessment of risk of harmful emission associated with moisture The combination of moisture, highly alkaline cement and inappropriate adhesives and carpets can cause unhealthy emissions. To avoid this, guidelines set out in the Sunda golv should be followed. 6.5 Moisture protection during the production phase When the projector has taken moisture protection into account as described above, it is crucial how the moisture protection is managed during the production phase. If any of the phases of reception, storage, incorporation, protection and drying of construction moisture is poorly managed so that the material is exposed to high moisture stress, the material can be damaged such that it later must be replaced at great cost. In this work, all on the site has an important role and it is therefore critical that knowledge of moisture protection is spread to all. The moisture protection officer shall ensure compliance to the moisture protection description is transferred to the contractor's quality plan and the total control plan and that control sheets are drawn. The moisture protection officer shall ensure that the required measurements, inspections, moisture protection procedures, etc. are performed on time and reported at the next building meeting. If deficiencies occur in moisture protection, he will report this to his client and suggest appropriate action for correction Inspection upon arrival Acceptance test is performed according to the control sheet in the contractor s Total Control plan Protection of stored materials Routines for the protection of stored materials is presented in the projects Quality Plan. 40

41 6.5.3 Protection of native materials Routines for the protection of native materials is presented in the projects Quality Plan. 6.6 Self-monitoring in production The final proof that a dry and healthy houses have been produced are the measurements performed in the contractor's own inspection and witch is reported in the Total Control Plan and its associated control sheets. The Total Control Plan shows what has been checked. There is also a control sheet that reports when the inspection was made, used equipment, approved readings, appropriate tolerances, the results obtained, location of measurements, etc 6.7 Inspection and delivery Final inspection and delivery takes place according to the clients AF part. Before the inspection begins, the complete documentation according to paragraph 9 should be available. 6.8 Moisture protection documents Moisture Protection documentation should reflect the building's final design and moisture conditions, and show that all its parts meets the moisture requirements. The establishment of the moisture protection documentation is done by an expert, it is based on the documentation and the experts own inspections. The moisture Protection documentation shall consist of following parts: This documents updated and renamed moisture protection documentation Revisions of constructions, materials and designs that may influence future moisture function shall be presented Moisture measurement (Statement) Moisture Measurements according to the control plan check sheet must be reported and any measurement and / or inspections by experts shall be compiled at this point Deviation Deviations may be important even if the material is subsequently dried out. The moistened material may have become contaminated by microorganisms that may later begin to grow if adverse circumstances arise. We also need to gather information about why errors occur and this can be done by using the deviation reports. The contractor shall therefore report their deviations in control sheets. 41

42 6.8.4 Operation and maintenance Instructions for operating and maintaining the moisture protective equipment should be established if such equipment is used in the project. 7 Conclusion and discussion During the project, we have tried to combine the drawings with the documentation that we have found on ping pong or on the brochures of the companies. It was a collective work with a lot of discussion to achieve the final objective and our satisfaction. The organisation was pretty clear because of the schedule we have established. Each person could do their own work and discuss about it during our time set meetings. This project permits to get more knowledge about architectural laws, drawings and structural drawings. Moreover it permits to learn how to work in group and how to organise work. The most difficult part of the project was to combine all the information and the drawings. One error in one drawing can bring several errors for other drawings. 42

43 8 References 8.1 Elevators and staircase Shafts Column calculation Walls 43

44 9 Attachments 9.1 Calculations Energy calculations Cold bridges Exterior wall corner 0,033, 200, 300 0,200 0,033 6, ,06 0,165 Ψ 0,165 0,300, / This calculation also applies for the cold bridges where the slabs meet the exterior wall and the sedum roofing, since these constructions are similar. The concrete has not been included because it has no significant contribution to the insulation of the wall (R). Windows and doors 0,108 0,110 0,165 0,045 Ψ 2, , ,11 6,263 10,,, 1,342 10,,, 6,456 10,,,, / Lean to roof 0, Ψ 0, ,1539 0,033, 3,118 0,033 0,250, 0,1926 0,033 0,200, 1, ,168 0,250 2, ,168 0,250 0, ,168 0,200,, / Energy 0, ,82 2,5, 44