Johan Sundberg. Profu. Profu

Transkript

1 Johan Sundberg Delägare i forsknings och utredningsföretaget. Forskningsledare för avfallsgruppen på Chalmers (tekn. doktor i avfallssystemanalys 1993). (Projektinriktad forskning och utveckling) etablerades 1987 och består idag av 18 personer. är ett oberoende forsknings och utredningsföretag inom energi och avfallsområdet.

2 Energi ur avfall svenskt kunnande på export Energi från avfall i ett europeiskt perspektiv Vad kan Sverige bidra med och var? Vi har stora möjligheter att kraftigt expandera exporten av svensk kompetens inom området energi från avfall! Sverige har kompetensen Marknaden växer kraftigt Vi har under de senaste åren ökat exporten!

3 Fyra exportprodukter: Avfallsbehandlingstjänster Avfallsförbränning, biogasproduktion, förbehandling, mm. Teknikexport Förbränningsteknik (rökgasrening, mm), biogasteknik, för och efterbehandling, fjärrvärme, mm. Systemlösningar för integrerad avfallsbehandling Förbränning, biologiskbehandling, källsortering, materialåtervinning, mm. Utbildning

4 Avfallsmängder och behandlingskapacitet i Sverige (maj 2009) 8 [Mton/år] Ca ton Ca ton 2 1 Avfallsmängd grundfall Avfallsmängd Scenario låg och hög Behandlingskapacitet inkl. alla planer Behandlingskapacitet inkl. planer med tillstånd Behandlingskapacitet inkl. definitivt beslutade planer

5 Share of MSW that is landfilled (%) Landfilling of MSW (år 2005, Eurostat, ) Share of MSW that was landfilled year Over 150 Mtonnes waste was sent to landfilling in EU27 in 2006! (MSW and industrial waste) Values are calculated by from official statistics, Eurostat etc.

6 Treatment of Municipal Waste in 2007 [%] Composted Recycled Incinerated Landfilled Bulgaria Romania Lithuania Malta Poland Cyprus Latvia Greece Czech Republic Slovakia Hungary Slovenia Ireland Estonia Portugal Spain United Kingdom Finland Italy France Luxembourg Austria Sweden Belgium Denmark Netherlands Germany EU 27 Source: Eurostat 2009

7 Average electricity and heat production from incineration plants in Europe. Useful energi per tonne MSW incinerated 3,0 2,5 [MWh/tonne MSW incinerated Note: The diagram would show higher values if incineration of industrial waste also were included in the calculation. Sweden would then reach just above 3 MWh/ton. Electricity Heat 2,0 1,5 1,0 0,5 0,0 Sweden Czech Republic Denmark Norway Finland Switzerland The Netherlands Germany Hungery France Italy Spain Belgium Portugal Austria Great Britain Ireland Latvia Poland

8 Target: 20 % greenhouse gas reduction by 2020 Share of target (%) Other waste management demands are fulfilled, e.g. material recyling. The presented potential for energy plants uses waste that otherwise would have been landfilled High Low Approximately half of the reduction is gained from avoiding landfilling and half from replacing fossil fuels. 0 EU target Potential contribution from waste to energy plants

9 Target: 20 % increase in the share of renewable energy in final energy consumption by 2020 Share of target (%) EU target High Low Potential contribution from waste to energy plants EU target: Increase the share of renewable energy in final energy consumption to 20% by 2020 compared to the consumption (Directive 2009/28/EC)

10 Götaforsliden 13, nedre Mölndal /8390

11 Extra bilder

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13 Potential contribution from waste to energy plants to EU:s target to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 20% before Share of target (%) Other waste management demands are fulfilled, e.g. material recyling. The presented potential for energy plants uses waste that otherwise would have been landfilled High Low Approximately half of the reduction is gained from avoiding landfilling and half from replacing fossil fuels. 0 EU target Potential contribution from waste to energy plants 31%

14 Utbyggnad av svensk avfallsförbränning 7,0 6,5 6,0 [Mton] Befintlig kapacitet Under byggnation Planer med miljötillstånd Planer utan miljötillstånd 5,5 5,0 4,5 4,0 3,5 3,0 2,5 2,0 1,5 1,0 0,5 0, Kapacitetsutbyggnad för förbränning av hushållsavfall, industriavfall och utsorterade avfallsbränslen, Källa.

15 Avfallsmängder och behandlingskapacitet i Sverige (maj 2009) 8 [Mton/år] Ca ton Ca ton 2 1 Avfallsmängd grundfall Avfallsmängd Scenario låg och hög Behandlingskapacitet inkl. alla planer Behandlingskapacitet inkl. planer med tillstånd Behandlingskapacitet inkl. definitivt beslutade planer

16 Resulting changes i GHG emissons from increasing incineration with one tonne MSW Result for Sweden kg CO2-eq/tonne MSW Sysav, Malmö Renova, Gothenburg Sweden

17 C02 emissons from for alternative electricity production Marginal electricity production in the electricity grid of northern Europe. 630 kg CO2/MWh el 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% High Low 400 kg CO2/MWh el Wind Biofuels Natural gas Coal +CCS Coal The high and low alternatives are assumptions based on results from a scenario analysis with the MARKAL model (Elforsk 2008:30). The results shows average marginal electricity production for the period

18 Potential contribution from waste to energy plants to EU:s target to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Share of target (%) % reduction of GHG by % 35% 27% 10 0 EU target Potential contribution Maximum contribution Maximum incineration but with lower energy production

19 Den svensk/norska marknaden för avfallsförbränning - Samverkan och konkurrens.

20 Case Study Gothenburg: Renova s waste management system Gothenburg The Renova company is a regional waste management company situated in Gothenburg and owned by 11 municipalities. In 2008, Renova processed 668,000 tonnes of waste and recyclable

21 Resulting changes i GHG emissons from increasing incineration with one tonne MSW Case study Renova (Gothenburg) kg CO2-eq/tonne MSW Direct emissions of CO2 from incineration. (the fossil part of a the waste). A B Emissions from transporting the waste. (Truck 300 km, empty return!) C D Electricity production in the DH system is reduced (CHPplants) which needs to be compensated with external electricity production. E F G Resulting reduction of CO2 emissions from increasing incineration with 1 tonne MSW. H Avoided emissions from not landfilling the waste (modern landfill with gas extraction).

22 Resulting changes i GHG emissons from increasing incineration with one tonne MSW Case study Renova (Gothenburg) kg CO2-eq/tonne MSW A B C Emissions of fossil carbon according to recently made C 14 tests (Renova 2009) D E F G H

23 Systemstudie Avfall Göteborg Studerade nya tekniker (tekniker valda i fas 4) Säck och kärl (Hushållsavfall) Källsorterat matavfall (Hushållsavfall) Grovavfall (Hushållsavfall) Verksamhetsavfall (inkl bygg o riv.) Avloppsslam Block 1: Termisk behandling Bränsleförädling (sortering, beredning) Sorteringsanläggning utv. Ludvikasystem Ny avfallspanna RB/RT flis panna RB=Returbränsle RT=Returträ Torkning och pelletering Block 2: Sortering och biogasprod Rötningsanl. Förgasningsanl. Block 3: Slamtorkning Biobr. Extern marknad returbränsle Extern marknad RT flis Extern marknad Bränslepellets Extern marknad Gödningspellets

24 Target: 20 % greenhouse gas reduction by 2020 The Community has made a commitment to achieve at least 20 % reduction of green house gas emissions by 2020 compared to 1990 (Decision No 406/2009/EG). Each member state shall by 2020 limit its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in relation to its GHG emissions in Each Member states reduction target is based on the principle of solidarity between Member States and the need for sustainable economic growth across the Community, taking into account the relative per capita GDP of Member States.

25 Conclusions Integrated waste management with a mix of different treatment technologies can make a significant contribution to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. In this mix we find: - High material recovery rates - Combined heat- and power production from incineration. - Biological treatment by digestion or composting - A minimum of landfilling of biodegradable waste fractions The largest reduction is achieved from the combined heat and power production from incineration. Waste-to-energy can make an important contribution in the efforts to reach the climate reduction target for 2020 in Europe.