en empirisk studie Anders B rjeson !"#"$#!$##% vers ttning av svenska passiva satser till ryska Slaviska institutionen

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1 "#"$#$##% vers ttning av svenska passiva satser till ryska en empirisk studie Anders B rjeson Slaviska institutionen Specialarbete 15 hp Lingvistik Ryska 4 30hp H stterminen 2010 Examinator: Elisabeth L fstrand English title: Translation of Swedish Passive Sentences to Russian

2 vers ttning av svenska passiva satser till ryska En empirisk studie Anders B rjeson Sammanfattning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tockholms universitet Stockholm Telefon:

3 Nyckelord H0'($1%I,5$1%I#%$$20I%1&20I&'.%I,'.%I-,*83+>* 1. Inledning Andra studier inom omr det Aktiv och passiv form Tema och rema Syfte och avgr nsning Passiv form i svenska och ryska Passiv form i svenskan Passiv form i ryskan Rysk aktiv form vid vers ttning av passiva satser Metod Empirisk studie Urval av text och passiva satser Analys Sammanfattning och tolkning av resultat Slutsatser

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25 H%&$'(O"00%,4&)/+#&"99,'$4&35&)/$3&,+?*$+%#3+)%,30',$%&&$.'*&&&& &6^(30',$4&&(2(:%0*'(,5$1%$%&$'(&2++<%1%&2++$0'($1%.'*$%..%-,*83+>*-B)<2<'; )9++'(%1&208-,.4,O"00%,4&)/+#&"99,'$&)/$3&,+?*$+%#3+6Y<>'1&'&1-..',)4,83,'$/<>'1&'&I-B) '(+2:&0%*$-.$%*'$2/##$%&$'($2(+'*(2(:4,*'((%&0'&5*2:%/&&,5B1$8-,..2(*,'+4.#+2:6C4,83,1%( *'&0%,%(%&/,+2:&%&&04+>%#%$$208-,.83,*'($0'($1%$%&$'(6?*'(,5$1%/##1-..',2(&'$%..%#,-; <+'.I'8&',$-.#+/,%+4(*'+$'(#90',<'&&5*+2:&%(:',j0'.$-.:3,0%*j2$%&$'( vers ttning med aktiv form och opersonlig konstruktion?(:%-<$',0%&2-(',%0-#',$-(+2:%$%&$',)%,#9&,488%&$2&'=&/,0%+'&6^(83,1+%,2(:4,%&&$%&$',.'*#,-; (-.'('&03#2(&'2(:9,2$&/*2'('8&',$-.*'&&2++)3,%1&20%-B)2(&'#%$$20%$%&$',6^&&%+&',(%&20&2++.%(; $%&$',4,$-.(4.(&$83,/&-#',$-(+2:%#%$$20%$%&$',.'*0',<'&2$;8-,.-B)*'&-#',$-(+2:%*%,&$-. $/<>'1&I$-.2&6'=6F;63#*&4'54&*%,&$',,&9<&./+%6?4#-#$3+6H9*%(%$%&$',)%,2(&'#9&,488%&$2*'&$0'($1% 1-($&,/1&2-(',<+%(**',5$1%30',$4&&(2(:%,(%6^&&$&3,,'/,0%+%0$%&$',)%*'1%($1':'&&'&&%((%&/&8% vers ttning med aktiv form med andra person singular ^(*%$&'(-<$',0%&2-(%030',$4&&(2(:.'*%(*,%#',$-($2(:/+%,)%,#9&,488%&$2*',5$1%&'=&',(%6C'& 6 W-($&,/1&2-(',.'*%(*,%#',$-($2(:/+%,%(04(*$83,%&&83,.'*+%'&&*,%:%0.-*%+2&'&Ke/$$1%>% h,%..%&21%lmm[g-.?i\unpi-b)0',<'&)-$*'$$%$%&$',/&&,5b1','(%1&202&'&$-.1%(/&83,%$%002+; 1'(#',$-($-.)'+$&KQ/+12(%OTTZIZTNP6C'$$%83,)9++%(*'(1%(&5B1%$$&4..%#9*'(-<$',0',%*' $%&$'(6E+%(*%((%&1%(&MMMD%*&)1?69&35&\%($'$83,.'*+%'(02$$.-*%+2&'&K>8,D%*&)1?69&35& \&42"66%&03#&2"##3\P6C'&&%$1/++'2$98%++1/((%0%,%'&&$14+&2++0%+'&%030',$4&&(2(:$8-,.2*'&&%8% vers ttning med aktiv form och tredje person plural c0',$4&&(2(:.'*&,'*>'#',$-(#+/,%+83,1-..',8,%.83,%++&2$%.<%(*.'*30',$4&&(2(:%0$0'($1% <2$%&$',$-.$%1(%,%:'(&6H%&$',(%$&'.%;,'.%;$&,/1&/,<'0%,%$02*30',$4&&(2(:'(6c0',$4&&(2(:%,.'* 0',<2#',8'1&20%$#'1&*-.2(',%,I02+1'&.3>+2:'(1%()4(:%$%..%(.'*%&&)4+8&'(%0*'$0'($1% 23

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27 8.3 Sammanfattning och tolkning av resultat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e/$$1%>%h,%..%&21%LMM[g-.?I\OVPR& &&&A&&&&6 J(*,%$14+83,0%+%0%1&208-,.1%(0%,%%&&30',$4&&%,'()%,0'+%&<'0%,%*'(#%$$20%$%&$'($&'.%;,'.%; $&,/1&/,'++',%&&%1&208-,.$#':+%,30',$4&&%,'($$&2+2$&2$1%#,'8','($',6F3,'1-.$&'(%030',$4&&(2(:%,.'*&,'*>'#',$-(#+/,%+4,<'&5*+2:&$&3,,'2/,0%+'&8,9(*'('(%%0$13(&'=&',(%KPI02+1'&1%( &%+%83,*'&$'(%,'#9$&9'(*'&6 `4,*'&:4++',$0'($1%$%&$',.'*%:'(&)%,30',$4&&(2(:%,(%2*'8+'$&%8%++:>-,&$.'*%1&208-,.-B),%1 '++',-.04(*-,*83+>*6d%+'&%0%1&208-,.4,2*'$$%8%++2(&')'+&-04(&%&I9&.2($&-('2(&'(4,*'&:4++', 1-($&,/1&2-(',.'*-.04(*-,*83+>*$-.)%,02$$#%$$201%,%1&4,6J&&,%1-,*83+>*-B1$9%(04(*$1%( *'+02$)4(:%$%..%(.'*%&&,5$1%()%,%1&20%/&&,5B1$-.#%$$%,$%&$',$-.)%,%:'(&6 Y+21%&'.%;,'.%;$&,/1&/,202$$%%0*'$0'($1%-B)*'.-&$0%,%(*',5$1%$%&$',(%1%(<',-#9%&&*'&2 *'$$%8%++82(($'&&0%+.'++%(-+21%.3>+2:%$&,/1&/,',-B)%&&83,8%&&%,'(,'$#'1&20'30',$4&&%,'(:>-,& 25

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29 d2*30',$4&&(2(:%0$0'($1#%$$208-,.&2++,5$1%82(($*'&8+',%.3>+2:)'&',%&&%(04(*%%1&208-,.-b) $%.&2*2:&<'0%,%$%&$',(%$&'.%;,'.%;$&,/1&/,-B)#%$$20%1%,%1&4,6e5$1%($,'+%&20&8,2%-,*83+>*4,'&&.'*'+83,%&&30',$4&&%#%$$20%$%&$',.'*%:'(&/&%(%&&%(04(*%#%$$208-,.6J1&208-,..'*%(-(5.2; $',%*%:'(&4,'&&%+&',(%&20&2++#%$$208-,.83,$%&$',/&%(%:'(&6 D,2(&'$%&$'($0',<'&&&5#2$1&)%(*+2(:$0',<4,:,4($'(.'++%(%1&20-B)#%$$208-,.)9,82(6d%+'&%0 %1&20'++',#%$$208-,.4,*91%($1'(4,.%$&'(8,9:%-.30',$4&&%,'($#',$-(+2:%$&2+0%+6 C'($%..%(8%&&%(*'$+/&$%&$'(%0$&/*2'(4,%&&.%(02*30',$4&&(2(:%0$0'($1%#%$$20%$%&$',&2++,5$1% 1%(04+>%.'++%(#%$$20-B)%1&208-,.6d%+'&%08-,.<',-,#9-.$%&$'($-.$1%++30',$4&&%$4,)/0/*; '++',<2$%&$$%.&#9-.:20%(*'1-(&'=&-B)%(*,%8%1&-,',I$-.&6'=6-.$%&$'()%,%:'(&'++','>-B)-. *'()%,.-*%+%2($+%:6^(1-.#+21%&2-(4,%&&*'&2(&'82(($'(1+%,%0:,4($(2(:.'++%(%1&20%-B)#%$$20% 1-($&,/1&2-(',I02+1'&1%($'$$-.'(*'+%0#,-<+'.'&.'*4.('&6H-.1-..'(&',%&$&2*2:%,'&2++:-*-; $',#%$$208-,.*'$$/&-.-+21%$58&'(<',-'(*'#902+1'(2(8-,.%&2-($-.$1%83,.'*+%$6 m&&',+2:%,'$&/*2',%02(-.4.('$-.,9*'&0-,'2(&,'$$%(&%6h9*%(%$&/*2',<-,*'8,%.83,%++&-.8%&&%'&& <'&5*+2:&$&3,,'-B)<,'*%,'/,0%+%0&'=&',-B)$%&$',I02+1'&83,/&$4&&',%/&-.%&2$1*%&%<')%(*+2(:83,%&& 1/((%$&/*',%$6D0'('($'.%(&2$1%(%+5$0-,'2(&,'$$%(&83,%&&:''&&%((%&#',$#'1&20#94.('$-.,9*'&6?30,2:&$1/++'83,*>/#(2(:%,1/((%$1'(4,*'&:4++',&6'=602+1'(<'&5*'+$'%:'(&'(-B)0',<'&)%,83, 0%+'&.'++%(#%$$20-B)%1&208-,.83,'($%&$6 27